Seed random number generation for query language rng functions

[alexpeters1208]

At the moment, there is not a good way to seed query language functions like randomGaussian() or randomInt() in a way that's thread-safe and efficient. This may take some real investigation.

[devinrsmith]

A seeded PRNG is by its nature stateful; thus, there is no way to have a static function do what you want w/ a seeded PRNG (with the intention being some sort of reproducible PRNG associated with that specific query). If you need a seeded PRNG, the user will need some way to create that state and then reference it from the query.

An approach that might satisfy your needs, but isn't a PRNG, is some sort of mixing or hashing function based on a state (which we can assume to be the internals of the PRNG):

table.view(["X = mix_or_hash(my_seed ^ ii)"])

Depending on the quality of the hash, this may be a reasonable proxy for a PRNG. Utilities based on this hash could be built out:

table.view(["X = stateRandomInt(my_seed ^ ii, 0, 5)", "Y = stateRandomGuassian(my_seed ^ ii)"])

And https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator might be fast and good enough for this use case. Or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permuted_congruential_generator.