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This intro covers IP types, patents, with examples of provisional patent applications.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c20"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 456.00px; height: 389.50px;"><img alt="" src="images/image2.png" style="width: 456.00px; height: 389.50px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p class="c20"><span class="c3">Title Page for a Granted US Patent (image by author)</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span>When starting a business, especially one that is creating a new product or technology, an important concern is protecting that new product or invention from being copied. The field of Intellectual Property (IP) covers ways that </span><span class="c6">ideas </span><span>can be protected. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">This article gives an overview of intellectual property types along with steps and templates for filing a provisional patent. I've been through several startups, worked at some very large companies, and been through the process of obtaining a patent several times. The templates included here have been used on dozens of patents.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">A few quick notes:</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><ul class="c17 lst-kix_mb45ln94f209-0 start"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span>I’ll try to cover </span><span>IP from</span><span class="c3"> the entrepreneur or inventor’s point of view rather than a legal standpoint.</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Securing Intellectual Property rights (such as patents) can be expensive and time-consuming and aren’t always the best choice to protect your product. We will touch on some of these issues.</span></li></ul><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c0">Disclaimer. I am not a lawyer, if you have any questions about securing intellectual property rights, infringement, or related topics, please seek proper legal counsel.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8">Templates</span><span>: If you’re just here for the templates and examples they are available at this </span><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://deftio-provisional-patent-template.netlify.app/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381559652&usg=AOvVaw1pSBfvh9dPouaQ90KW1Bwb">link </a></span><span>for free download (no registration required). Also on github: </span><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://github.com/deftio/provisional-patent-template&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381560131&usg=AOvVaw3qum43FgDw2Xm7B5bI0TUN">https://github.com/deftio/provisional-patent-template</a></span><span>. </span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.8eefl1eiuh9b"><span class="c10">Intellectual Property Types</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Let’s look at some of the most common intellectual property types and how they are used. Intellectual Property is a very complex area of corporate law but the gist is this - securing IP rights can protect your ideas, written works, multimedia works, and help retain ownership in the event of a dispute. Loosely speaking, this means that the inventor or owner gets to retain control over who can use an invention. In the case of written and musical works, IP rights determine who can make legal copies of that work and to some degree how those copies can be used. This can include the right to perform the work. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">IP rights have value just as physical products do. The rights to IP can be bought and sold and are often a key part of driving value when a company is sold. However acquiring IP rights can be expensive and should not distract from building a product or service. While IP can be licensed, this is a complex process and one should thoroughly understand the challenges of the licensing process and the burdens it puts on both the licensor and licensee before going down that path.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span>Here are the most common forms of Intellectual Property</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8">Copyrights </span><span>allow the owner to control how many copies of their work can be made, and how much someone must pay to get or make a copy. Copyrights don’t protect the idea, they protect the copies of a specific work. For example, making copies of a book, article, or even music is covered by copyright law. In the United States, copyrights are </span><span class="c6">automatically </span><span class="c3">granted when a work is created. This means that if someone can prove they are the author, they sue someone in the courts for making copies of the work without permission or payment. However, its much better to file a registration document with the government copyright office soon after a work is created to show proof of ownership. This can greatly increase your ability to defend your copyrights. The Copyright Symbol © can be attached to any work that someone wishes to show their ownership to regardless of whether it has been registered. Copyrights remain in effect for a long period of time. This can be many decades after the author has died, but after this period, the work will fall into the public domain (free for anyone to use).</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8">Copylefts</span><span class="c8"> </span><span>are a legal device to make sure </span><span>certain rights (such as being free) are granted for all subsequent users of a work. </span><span>Copylefts</span><span> are a relatively new idea and are very common in the open software movement. The Linux operating system, Firefox web browser, and Blender 3D modeling software, are all examples of open source software using copy-left licenses. Technically </span><span>Copylefts</span><span class="c3"> are a type of copyright, but the goals of how the creative work is used and protected are different. The owner of copyrighted material is concerned about retaining control over copies of the work. The owner of a material that is marked with a Copyleft, is generally interested in preserving the access and terms of use of the protected work for the public.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8">Trademarks </span><span class="c3">allow the owner to control an element of branding, such a logo or phrase. Trademarks allow the public to associate a brand with a mark. They can cover logos and words (called wordmarks). Trademarks that have been registered with the government will have the ® following them showing broader enforcement rights by the owner. Trademark rights can be retained indefinitely as long as appropriate fees are paid on time.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8">Trade secrets - </span><span class="c3">Information about a business process which is kept secret by a business concern. Examples of trade secrets are: the formula to Coca-Cola, plans for a not-yet-announced product, and lists of business contacts and contracts. Trade Secrets can also include proprietary business knowledge such as key contacts, product plans, or financial information. There is no specific legal recourse for trade secrets as there are for Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks. However if someone steals trade secret information (such as an employee or corporate espionage) then those persons and those who benefit from their acts can be litigated in court due to the act of theft. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8">Patents </span><span>are a type of legal construct that </span><span class="c3">can be used to prevent others from using or copying a specific invention or requiring them to get an agreement from the patent holder first (a license). Unlike copyrights, patents protect the right to use a specific idea, regardless of how copies of that specific idea are produced. To be granted a patent the inventor must carefully document how their invention works, and then file the documentation and forms with the government patent offices. Patents are time limited - typically 20 years but the term can be less. The reason for this is to allow the inventor time to reap the benefit of their invention in exchange for revealing how it works to the public. After the patent’s term expires, the intellectual property it covers becomes public domain. This means anyone can then use the technology. Generally patents cannot be extended once their time is up, but there are numerous subtleties that can change this that I won’t discuss here.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.5cwbly54ljcs"><span class="c10">Enforcement of IP Rights</span></h2><p class="c1"><span>While acquiring (filing official legal documents) for IP protection can help secure your rights, no government </span><span class="c6">enforces</span><span class="c3"> those rights. In order to stop someone from using your IP, you must litigate in civil court against the infringer. This means that actually winning damages from someone who is violating copyright, trademark, or patent rights can be quite expensive. Since IP rights are not “automatically” enforced this makes decisions around filing for and acquiring IP much more complex from a business perspective. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Because of the expense of pursuing IP claims it may seem that securing IP rights, such as patents, are not that valuable. The answer is much more nuanced. By establishing legal ownership, one can deter others from copying work or show investors that the work is unique and defensible. Often investors are leery of investing in companies or inventors that have not secured IP rights because they fear that unprotected work will be copied by other entities and they won’t be able to recoup their investment. So when starting a new venture, such as a tech startup, part of the business planning should be a good IP strategy in consultation with a skilled attorney. Investors can then have confidence that if the product becomes successful, and some others copy it, there exists a possibility of legal recourse.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.hm9m4s5nqccd"><span class="c10">Patent Rights </span></h2><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span>Patents can be one of the strongest ways for their owner to protect themselves from being copied. A patent grant's the owner the right to make or produce something </span><span class="c6">exclusively </span><span class="c3">for a period of time (typically 20 years from the date of filing). Securing patent rights can help an inventor or small business protect unique product features from being copied and make it easier to raise money. However one should be aware that securing patents can be expensive, time consuming, and may not even be appropriate for many businesses. In addition, the patent rights need to be filed in every country in which the owner wishes to file for protection. This can greatly increase the cost of obtaining patent coverage internationally.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span>When a patent is granted it does not mean it is enforced. If someone violates (called infringing) on your patent it is up to you, as the patent holder, to litigate the infringer. Patent lawsuits can be extremely costly. All the patent does is give the right to challenge persons or companies that may be copying your invention. For this reason alone certain businesses (for example restaurants) don’t really need patents at all. Even a secret formula is often better left as a trade secret than a patent. So while </span><span>patents</span><span class="c3"> do secure a limited time right of monopoly for an idea, the enforcement path must also make financial sense to justify the expense of obtaining a patent.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">For tech startups investors take a slightly nuanced view. A patent can function as a barrier to entry for a competitor which can buy the start up time. Also patents can be bought, sold, or even licensed. These can bring financial value in the right context. However, be aware that licensing and selling patents is a very complex business process. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c0">Maintenance Fees and Schedules</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Finally note that patents require maintenance fees to keep in service. This is called the “maintenance” schedule for a patent and payments typically are made at around 3 years, 7 years, and 11 years after issuance (in the United States). Maintenance fee schedules vary by country and can change overtime. If one misses the maintenance fee time period (including a set grace period) the patent will essentially default into the public domain. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.o24e9oy9fy2b"><span class="c10">Should you get a Patent at all? </span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Given how expensive it is to acquire a patent, it is good practice to decide whether a patent is necessary at all. Usually the best practice is to file patents on key aspects of your product that are unique, hard to design around, and easy to detect. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">For example, some parts of a product may be easily substituted with other components. In this case those parts aren’t worth spending money on as someone could simply substitute those parts with something else. Some parts may be novel and valuable, however the effort to detect infringement may be extremely expensive. For example, the internal design of a machine which is embedded in a sealed compartment may be hard to detect infringement. Depending on the value of the invention, the cost of detection and litigating could be more than the amount of damages that could be recovered.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Sometimes, it's better to take less valuable inventions and make them public. This tactic is called a defensive publication. The purpose is to avoid the expense of acquiring a patent while simultaneously removing the ability for anyone else to gain a patent on the same material.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Finally some ideas don’t really make sense to patent. For example each metropolitan area has dozens of pizza restaurants and bike shops. These businesses can thrive with no IP protection at all, instead their value and success comes from simply providing a needed service in the community.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">A key aspect is this, patents are specifically designed to preserve business value for novel idea. If the idea isn’t very valuable (commercially speaking) and unique then a patent may not be worth expense and effort.</span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.8ox2y8d5ymuf"><span class="c10">Filing Patents : Overview for Inventors & Startups</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">In the previous section we discussed what a patent can do but what does a patent look like and how do you get one? The first step is to precisely describe what it is that you wish to claim ownership of. To do this the patent must contain a complete description of what it is that should be patented (the “patentable material” in patent-speak). One can think of this as a type of recipe. The patent specifically tells the reader what is necessary to replicate the idea or product. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">How much detail? The invention must be documented well enough such that another person skilled in the area of the patent could replicate the idea. This may seem counterintuitive at first but there are two reasons why this must be so.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><ol class="c17 lst-kix_drx9psgubjq7-0 start" start="1"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Clear Specification</span><span class="c3">- In order to claim something as patented the public must know, to enough detail, what it is (what is being “claimed”). This can’t be vague, it has to be very specific so there is little room for doubt as to the exact specification.</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Future Documentation </span><span class="c3">- A patent provides a record of the invention in full detail so that in the future the public can benefit from this knowledge.</span></li></ol><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Finally, be aware that patents are public documents. Anyone can search for them online at the government patent offices. Nearly all governments have online searchable patent databases as does the World Trade Organization. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">There are several types of patents:</span></p><ul class="c17 lst-kix_gk0rmvwucj7b-0 start"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Utility </span><span class="c3">- covers the function of a machine, process or way of manufacturing something, material composition or improvements to any of these. Utility patents are the most common</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Design </span><span class="c3">- covers the ornamental or appearance aspect of a product</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Plant </span><span class="c3">- Covers types of plants (as in things that grow not power plants)</span></li></ul><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c0">A word about authorship</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">The people who participated in the invention must always be listed as inventors. However the rights to use the invention (the “assignment”) can be any legal party. It is quite common for inventors working for a company to be listed on the patent while the patent is owned (assigned) to the company itself. Each time a patent is sold the assignment is updated.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c0">Anatomy of a Patent</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">A granted patent shows not just the specification but also has information about who the patent is assigned to, who the inventors are, and the dates the patent was filed and processed. The following coversheet is for a granted utility patent. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 736.00px;"><img alt="" src="images/image1.png" style="width: 624.00px; height: 736.00px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Front page of a granted patent</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">To obtain a patent one must fill out an application. For a design patent, a set of drawings and a single claim are made. I will not go into details on design patents here. For a utility patent the following parts are needed as part of the application process. </span></p><ol class="c17 lst-kix_vwpfjkk91avb-0 start" start="1"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Abstract </span><span class="c3">- a simple summary that describes what the invention is, what it is for, and why it is better than prior art</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Specification </span><span class="c3">- A detailed, normally written (no legalese) that describes the patents using drawings (part of the Specification but on separate sheets) - Typically black and white drawings with labels which are referenced by the specification</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Embodiments </span><span class="c3">(optional but useful) preferred embodiments or variants. Description of specific examples of the invention for clarity</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Claims </span><span class="c3">- the list of sentences which legally show what the inventor is asserting ownership of. </span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Application Data Sheet </span><span class="c3">- metadata about the inventors, assignees, contact info, etc</span></li></ol><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">It is best to have an experienced attorney guide you through the above parts.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.nivc77a9ckqj"><span class="c10">Provisional Patents & Templates</span></h2><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Provisional Patents are a special type of filing that begins the process of securing inventor’s patent rights. Unlike a full patent filing which can be quite time consuming (both in the inventor’s time and also legal expenses) a provisional patent is a simple document that provides a description of the invention and at least 1 claim. It is also not necessary that the drawings be perfect. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span>A provisional patent is a kind of legal placeholder. It is </span><span class="c8">not examined </span><span>by the patent office but it secures a </span><span class="c8 c6">filing date </span><span>for the inventor(s). A provisional patent can be converted to a full patent if a full-patent application is filed </span><span class="c23">within one year </span><span>of the provisional filing. If it is not converted in that year then it is considered </span><span class="c8">abandoned</span><span>. This means that the provisional </span><span class="c6">filing date </span><span class="c3">can not be used for a new patent application, however since the provisional is not published it still may be possible to get a patent on the material provided that information has not become disclosed publicly. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Some key points:</span></p><ul class="c17 lst-kix_h557bbcl2u1c-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Not Examined, just holds the date</span><span class="c3"> - A provisional patent is not examined by the Patent office for patentability, instead it only functions as a placeholder for the date </span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Maximum of 12 months </span><span>- The term of a provisional patent is 12 months from filing. This means that the holder of the provisional patent has 12 months to convert the patent from provisional status to a full blown patent application. This is a hard deadline and can't be extended (note there are some </span><span class="c8">extremely rare</span><span class="c3"> circumstances where this can be appealed by a couple months but it comes at high costs and requires specific legal expertise - stick with 12 months.)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Not for design patents (ornamental protection) -</span><span class="c3"> You cannot file a provisional patent on a design patent.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">“Patent Pending” </span><span class="c3">- Once a provisional patent is filed the filer can claim "patent pending" on all public product documentation</span></li></ul><h2 class="c13" id="h.pr8yr0ggtm0e"><span>Preparing to use the Provisional Patent Template </span></h2><p class="c1"><span>This next section is an overview of the provisional patent filing process from a creator or inventor's point of view, along with a provisional patent template and explanation of the patent process. I'll touch on US based patents, provisional patents, and conversion, but I </span><span class="c8 c6">strongly advise that you seek professional legal advice</span><span class="c6"> </span><span class="c3">if you are inexperienced with the Intellectual Property landscape.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">I have used the template (links at the end) and process here in many filings and also for assisting numerous other startups in getting their first filings done. More importantly, by using a good template, it saves time for when you must convert a provisional patent into a full patent filing.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span>Here are key points before looking at the template itself.</span></p><ol class="c17 lst-kix_60zrj85dt1r3-0 start" start="1"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Clearly Identify </span><span class="c3">the patentable material. To be patentable an invention must be "novel", "useful", and "not obvious"</span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_60zrj85dt1r3-1 start"><li class="c12 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Novel</span><span class="c3"> - not citable in any previous prior art. The prior art isn't just other patents it can be any existing documents, manuals, old books, newspapers etc.</span></li><li class="c12 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Useful</span><span class="c3"> - does something useful. This utility can be very small and it can be specific to an arcane science, but should be clear to someone "skilled in the art" why this invention would be useful in the right context</span></li><li class="c12 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Not obvious</span><span class="c3"> - is something that a trained person in the area of the invention would not likely think of. This can be trick as trained people, given time, often come up with good ideas. A patent is meant to cover a true advance in the state of the art in a specific area. </span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_60zrj85dt1r3-0" start="2"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Reducible to practice </span><span class="c3">- The documentation must have enough detail that a person skilled in the art would understand what it is and could use it as a recipe to replicate it. For example one can reference transistors and diodes and we assume that an appropriately skilled electrical engineer will understand those symbols and how to use those parts.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Write </span><span class="c3">a document (that's the template included here) that documents the invention. It must include all the inventors, a description, and at least one claim. Make sure the documentation is complete so that a person skilled in the area of the invention could make it using the description as a recipe.</span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_60zrj85dt1r3-1 start"><li class="c7 c12 li-bullet-0"><span>A provisional patent must contain at least one </span><span class="c8">claim.</span><span class="c3"> A claim is a legal clause that tells the reader (and the patent examiner) what the inventor is claiming ownership of. While only 1 claim is required, in practice many claims are stated so that several aspects of the invention are covered. This can include similar variants.</span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_60zrj85dt1r3-0" start="4"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Cover Sheet</span><span class="c3"> Fill out the appropriate "Application Data Sheet" (ADS) which is cover-letter-form that goes with the filled out patent info.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">File </span><span class="c3">with the patent office directly (see links section) or send your completed template over to your attorney. By using the template you can save your attorney time (and hence you money). Plus it includes other details that make conversion from provisional status to full status easier.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Pay </span><span>the appropriate fee. Latest fees are listed here: </span><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/fees-and-payment/uspto-fee-schedule&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381573080&usg=AOvVaw2nZpQI1lgIeWtMrAf5Fpd8">USPTO Fees</a></span><span class="c8 c21">. </span><span class="c3">For individual inventors, small business entities, and academics the fees are reduced and are typically less than a few hundred dollars.</span></li></ol><h2 class="c13" id="h.whkrrr1g1jts"><span>Considering Costs</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">It is possible to file a provisional patent with just a few handwritten diagrams and a claim. However it is better to provide a more detailed view of the invention, surrounding data, and area of patentability. Then, when it becomes time to convert the provisional patent into a full patent application, the transition is smooth. This is true whether you hand author the patent application yourself or you enlist an attorney to help perform the filing.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Filing full patent applications can cost anywhere from $5,000 to $30,000 or more depending on the complexity of the material, and number of countries you wish to get protection in, and attorney fees. There are several resources to help inventors file their own patents to save costs (including the patent office itself), however there are many subtleties that are often best left to an experienced practitioner, such as drafting claims and managing the office action process. So if you wish to take this on yourself consider your level of experience with patents as it is important that your patent not just “exist” but actually do a good job of protecting your invention. A list of resources is included at the end of the article.</span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.mx3selbwttsz"><span class="c10">Example Filled-out Template</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">The following is an example provisional patent which has been filled out using the template provided. The first page shows the common information. This version is a little more descriptive then is purely necessary, but if you are using a patent attorney to help you file this can greatly save them time. In addition some of the metadata, here can help your counsel or the patent office advise you when it comes time to convert the provisional to a full filing. </span></p><p class="c1"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 390.67px;"><img alt="" src="images/image3.png" style="width: 624.00px; height: 390.67px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">The front page of the template contains data about the inventors, assignees, and other info useful to guide attorneys and examiners. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">A key point about the template is to include more info than just the bare minimum required for the provisional filing but also enough for the future full filing. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 456.00px;"><img alt="" src="images/image5.png" style="width: 624.00px; height: 456.00px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">This section shows the abstract and background sections. These are critical for the full filing which follows up a provisional patent. By adding them here we can save money and time later by providing application background material.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 362.67px;"><img alt="" src="images/image6.png" style="width: 624.00px; height: 362.67px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">The above describes the new invention claimed in the provisional. Be sure the language and diagrams are clear and the invention is fully explained.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">The next section describes the examples, advantages and claims. Strictly speaking, the examples and advantages are optional in a provisional filing. However by including them one can make the invention more clear to the examiner when the provisional is converted to a full filing in the future. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Also by going through the process of addressing embodiments and advantages it strengthens the application because it can force the applicant to be more clear about how this new invention is different and improves on prior art. This is critical for getting a patent allowed.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span style="overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; margin: 0.00px 0.00px; border: 0.00px solid #000000; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); width: 624.00px; height: 362.67px;"><img alt="" src="images/image4.png" style="width: 624.00px; height: 362.67px; margin-left: 0.00px; margin-top: 0.00px; transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px); -webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad) translateZ(0px);" title=""></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Examples, Advantages and Claims are key parts of a good provisional filing, however only the Claims section is mandatory.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Claims are the most important part of a patent in that only what is claimed is what can be utilized to prevent others from using the invention. So while the description is important for clarity and explaining to someone skilled in the art how to make an invention, it is the claims that bring the “rights” of the patent. Provisionals require having 1 claim, but I suggest adding a few here that really capture the essence of the invention. In provisionals having a good description of the invention is very important, because this is what the patent office will use when scrutinizing the full application. No new material about the invention can be added when a provisional patent is converted to a full application. However, it is permitted to re-render sketches into professional drawings and otherwise “clean up” hastily written material from the provisional.</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">When converting the provisional into a full fledged patent filing be sure to have someone skilled in drafting claims so that they truly cover the most important aspects of the invention.</span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.aedn5kh5hv4g"><span class="c10">Timeline & Costs</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">A provisional patent can hold for 1 year, after which one must convert the provisional filing to a full patent filing. After filing a full patent application the process can take anywhere from just over a year to perhaps 3 or 4 years to complete. Fees can be paid to expedite the process to around 1 year.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">There are many fees associated with filing a patent (outside of attorney fees to help draft the application). For small entities (individuals, small business, or academics) this can be a few hundred dollars. However there are many non-filing fees to be aware of such as search fees, issue fees, and maintenance fees. In the references section are some links to these costs.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">While provisional patents may seem like “just a placeholder” they do offer some important benefits:</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><ul class="c17 lst-kix_16d9v2l300b0-0 start"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">“Patent Pending” </span><span>- Once filed, you can claim </span><span class="c3">“patent pending” in your marketing and sales documents. This helps establish that you’ve taken steps to protect your proprietary features</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Can disclose publicly - </span><span class="c3"> A patent establishes a timeline to ownership, so it is safer to discuss some of your features publicly. But remember until the patent is granted you haven’t fully secured those rights. </span></li></ul><ul class="c17 lst-kix_16d9v2l300b0-1 start"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Interestingly even if the patent is ultimately never granted, by disclosing it you make sure no one else can patent it. </span></li></ul><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Finally note that patents now work on a first to file basis. This means that the first person to file an invention with the patent office for a specific invention is the one who gets the rights to that invention, even if someone else thought of the idea first. Historically this has not always been the case. In times past, if someone could prove they thought of an idea first, they could asset patent rights. However, finding acceptable proof of who did something first became difficult in practice and so nearly all countries have gone to the first-to-file system. This means you should keep your idea secret until you are ready to file. Conversely if you believe your idea is very valuable and that many people are working in the space, you may wish to quickly file your IP protection to protect your patent rights.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.6u0c54r737sw"><span class="c10">After the Provisional.. </span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">When time comes to convert your patent from a provisional to a full patent you will need to file the full patent. This requires much more detail along with precision drawings and full review by the patent office. Also you will want to consider other matters such as the cost of filing, and international rights. These topics are deep in their own right and beyond the space we have here.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.dgvix2dv8zp5"><span>Reminder - </span><span class="c10">Don’t Forget!!</span></h2><p class="c1"><span>Just a reminder, once you have your provisional patent filed (whether directly with the patent office or with the assistance of legal counsel), you </span><span class="c23">must file the full patent application in within one year</span><span class="c3"> or you will lose your filing date. However, you can use this year to test the commercial opportunities for the invention and know that your filing date is safe. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.267ttcc0hs1k"><span class="c10">Summary</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Intellectual property, and patents in particular, are an important part of protecting new technology and inventions. With proper attention to detail they can help add value to a business, keep competitors at bay, and make it easier to raise funds. The provisional patent templates provided here can help save time and provide some guidance on making sure that the right level of detail is captured. Good luck in growing and protecting your new ideas!</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.l3ia5fh91cr1"><span class="c10">Resources & Template Links</span></h2><p class="c1"><span>All of the examples cited in this article are in this github repo: </span><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://github.com/deftio/provisional-patent-template&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381577576&usg=AOvVaw1RDx5XUv46yvbBR30nmce7">https://github.com/deftio/provisional-patent-template</a></span><span>. These are free for you to use for your own work. If you are not used to using github, you can visit </span><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://deftio.github.io/provisional-patent-template/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381577932&usg=AOvVaw07pm9O-UP8i4c2j_gDRkEv">this website</a></span><span class="c3"> which also has the same content and templates available for free download (no registration required).</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Other useful resources for provisional patents and process overviews are covered in these links:</span></p><ul class="c17 lst-kix_qbt54uvzsbrt-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/types-patent-applications/provisional-application-patent&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381578302&usg=AOvVaw2nP2oQBTXsCb8ST1LVD7yw">US Patent Office Provision Patent Overview</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/newsletter/inventors-eye/provisional-patent-application-what-you-need-know&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381578621&usg=AOvVaw2E17tk0BHdZRS2Hg2yiuIb">US Provisional Patents: What you need to know</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/patent-process-overview&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381578889&usg=AOvVaw1-wg87fKC7F0wr8Vnrwp7v">What type of IP Protection do you need?</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.legalzoom.com/knowledge/patent/topic/provisional-application-for-patent-filing&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381579184&usg=AOvVaw0FHdQv72Ky1TAvvt_CzQFz">Legalzoom: overview of Prov patents</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/08/13/what-are-provisional-patents/id%3D71882/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381579463&usg=AOvVaw1uZzdHaU1dGGAFIZYNdp1p">IP Watchdog: Prov Patents</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_application&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381579728&usg=AOvVaw0mf0KyKZBO2DJOuDu_zXYO">Wikipedia on Prov Patents</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephenkey/2018/01/08/dont-file-that-patent-yet-file-a-provisional-patent-application-first/?sh%3D5021340357fe&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381580025&usg=AOvVaw0FQ11J_Qn3x9b9XjrSRx4c">Prov Patents at Forbes</a></span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.uspto.gov/patents/maintain&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381580276&usg=AOvVaw1mDQczJ5GuiEHbPAkbVwtv">Maintenance Fees for Patents</a></span></li></ul><p class="c1"><span>Please keep in mind that these links are written with a US patent point of view. If you need filing in another country please look to your country’s specific rules and also check out the </span><span class="c11 c8"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381580570&usg=AOvVaw2nngKlDDVY7bmK_OwBJudg">World International Property Organization (WIPO)</a></span><span class="c3"> which coordinates IP issues across many </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c0">Searching for Patents</span></p><p class="c1"><span>Nearly all governments have patent offices and most have online searchable databases as does the WIPO. The quality of searches for the government databases is often limited - if you know the inventor or title or patent number your search will be successful. If you need to search for patents by </span><span class="c6">coverage</span><span class="c3"> then a more advanced search is needed. Many specialty providers can provide search and coverage guidance for a fee. Searching the patent databases can provide some idea of whether a new idea is patentable or whether it may already be in a crowded space.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Here are some quick search areas to get started (I am not affiliated with any of these links):</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><ul class="c17 lst-kix_3stsa03tfo0d-0 start"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://patft.uspto.gov/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381581192&usg=AOvVaw3UyYhZohV9EisBoBWfVtQX">USPTO Patent Search Page (free) </a></span><span class="c3">- Keyword based search from the US patent office for both existing granted patents and pending published patent applications.</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/search.jsf&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381581454&usg=AOvVaw2ZUWKApmIBOvIghJZz31zg">WIPO Patent Search</a></span><span class="c3"> - Keyword based search for the World Intellectual Propety Organization</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://patents.google.com/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381581702&usg=AOvVaw2EZ2DJsu4uPxSql4eBV3u8">Google Patent Search</a></span><span class="c3"> - Patent search provided by Google. This can be easier to use for finding patents and has easier image support</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.lexisnexis.com/en-us/intellectual-property/default.page&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381581964&usg=AOvVaw3_zbAkkbHGgc9avbeoO-TN">Lexis Nexus Patent Research (paid service)</a></span><span class="c3"> - Paid service for assisting in researching whether something may be patentable or infringing. Its worth going to this page to see the facets of the patent search process above what the government and free services provide</span></li></ul><p class="c1 c2"><span><br></span><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none;"></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p>
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<h2 class="c13" id="h.li7z5rbmop8a"><span class="c10">Outline</span></h2>
<p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-0 start" start="1"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Know your IP types, (c), trademarks, patents, and tradesecrets. </span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-1 start"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Copyrights </span><span class="c3">allow the owner to control how many copies of their work can be made, and how much someone must pay to get or make a copy.</span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Trademarks </span><span class="c3">allow the owner to control an element of branding, such a logo or phrase. </span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Patents </span><span class="c3">can be used to prevent others from using or making a specific invention or requiring them to get an agreement from the patent holder first (a license). By design patents are time limited - typically 20 years but the term can be less. The reason for this is to allow the inventor time to reap the benefit of their invention in exchange for revealing how it works to the public. After the patent’s term is up the intellectual property it covers becomes public domain. This means anyone can then use the technology. Generally patents cannot be extended once their time is up, but there are numerous subtleties that I won’t discuss here.</span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8">Tradesecrets - </span><span class="c3">Information about a business process which is kept secret (such as the formula to Coca-Cola). Trade Secrets can also include proprietary business knowledge such as key contacts or financial information. There is no specific legal recourse for trade secrets as there are for Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks. However if someone steals trade secret information (such as an employee or corporate espionage) then those persons and those who benefit from their acts can be litigated in court.</span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-0" start="2"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Patent Process</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">PPA Claim “patent pending” sames a full</span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">PPA is Cheap and fast, can file many </span></li><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">First to File has replaced First to Invent</span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-1 start"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">NDAs - are worthless in many cases, especially for an early stage company</span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-0" start="6"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">But...</span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-1 start"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Time limit (12 month for all practical purposes)</span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Still needs to be converted to full</span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Doesn’t grant enforcement rights</span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-2 start" start="1"><li class="c1 c26 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">BTW enforcement doesn’t “just” happen</span></li></ol><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-0" start="7"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Still..</span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-1 start"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Being able to claim ‘Patent Pending’ while not getting distracted in the process allows you to move quickly with your business while showing stakeholders and competitors you’re serious about your</span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-0" start="8"><li class="c1 c9 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Closing Thoughts</span></li></ol><ul class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-1 start"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span>Patents in Action Funders (VCs, angels) see that you’re serious about protecting your </span><span class="c6">business</span><span> and therefore </span><span class="c6">their cash</span><span class="c3">. </span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Patents don’t do anything by themselves </span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Still need to develop our product</span></li><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Even if your plan is to license it be aware</span></li></ul><ol class="c17 lst-kix_qwhxcau3verq-0" start="9"><li class="c1 c9 c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3"></span></li></ol><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none;"><h2 class="c13 c22" id="h.qn8dnjpwciq4"><span class="c10"></span></h2><h2 class="c13" id="h.wjbda4q03fp"><span class="c10">Feedback ============= Fall 2020</span></h2><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Example in each case --> like a new thing which has been part of an entrepreneurial) suggestion</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Kathryn: Why do patents exist from the government’s point of view </span></p><ol class="c17 lst-kix_m1ti9j790f6m-1 start" start="1"><li class="c1 c7 li-bullet-0"><span class="c11"><a class="c4" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.mofo.com/resources/news/the-governments-patent-policy-the-bayh-dole-act-and-authorization-and-consent.html%23:~:text%3DThe%2520Constitution%2520gives%2520to%2520Congress,such%2520writings%2520or%2520to%2520use&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1678663381584783&usg=AOvVaw32p7ua4z0_P39X2urCalz-">https://www.mofo.com/resources/news/the-governments-patent-policy-the-bayh-dole-act-and-authorization-and-consent.html#:~:text=The%20Constitution%20gives%20to%20Congress,such%20writings%20or%20to%20use</a></span></li></ol><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Sid: IP is munitions for battle but doesn’t provide</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Lisle: basic idea of property is right to exclude ==> as an entrepreneur you want legal protection and Sid,</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> Space and time (limited lifespan , (C) has longer lifespan)</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> Disney c extended</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">MC: also time span to go thru process</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Kathryn: Defensive Publication (from patent committee) (e.g. we patent it, or we publish it to prevent others from getting patents on something)</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Criteria against (novel, useful, etc)</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Lisle: </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">K: TM, R, and SM</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Copyrights - protect the expression vs the copies of an idea, </span></p><p class="c1 c15"><span class="c3">fair use exception,</span></p><p class="c1 c15"><span class="c3">Statutory licensing</span></p><h2 class="c13" id="h.qonyt2ugkts1"><span class="c10">Feedback ========= 2022-07-14</span></h2><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">prov patents</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">B: A way for people in start ups to bootstrap and begin for a provisional patent. </span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">K: KB on name 26-30 patents. Got the assignment for reworking the the IBM process. KB ended up creating a patent counsel, then have a meeting based on a 1 page write (MC: kinda like Moto group). </span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> How do you make the decision to make a decision whether to get a patent or not?</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> Its expensive and takes time</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> patent brainstorming portfolio</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> lot of good info</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">J: A primer for startups on how to secure IP types, overview of different types, and then goes in to the process for a patent and a provisional</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> Impact: Worth its weight in gold. Easily could be an e-book.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Strong</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">K: talk about about different IP types</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> ==> defensive publication</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> ==> bottom of p4 over view for startups and inventors</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> ==> maintenance fees and schedule</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> ==> clearly identify patentable material</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">J: thoroughness and depth, disclaimer and templates link, enforcement of rights is not automatic</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> MC ==> add notes on detectability, patent rights need to be filed in every country</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">B: conversation around provisional patents and getting started. Securing the filing date. You've got a year.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Improve</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">K: How do you decide what to patent? Don't have to patent whole design, what is the process for selecting the material *worth* patent or *could* get a patent. Unlike copyrighted documents ... "remove the ghostwritten"</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">wording around copies of something. They protect the expression of the idea.</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">p3 to be granted a patent a patent (r...un on)</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">p4 the patents protect their owners from being copied.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">J: page 2, under section Intellectual Property types. However 2x. "Even though, there are many benefits to acquiring... IP it should not distract from building a product"</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">This article does not cover licensing further than this.</span></p><p class="c1 c15"><span class="c3">“Innovation is Job #1”</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">B: Way to bootstrap a patent program in a start up. Go straight to prov patents and templates. A brief paragraph are too complicated but there is thing called provisional patents to get started and buy time.</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> MC: and are stronger than NDAs... add some on that.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">MC : don't forget Chinese restaurant == not all things need to be or should be patent.</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">MC : what should be patented ==> suggest a process ==> e.g. things that aren't very detectable, restaurantz example, may not be most valuable part of the product, may be easiliy designed around..</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">====</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">2020-07-27</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Expand on should you get a patent?</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Add pros and cons?</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Xaviera: Add a flow chart?</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3"> Is it valuable to patent? Consider it worth patenting? Defensive patent? Cost?</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">Find a patent that is really really well written? Show examples</span></p><p class="c1 c2"><span class="c3"></span></p><div><p class="c20 c2"><span class="c14"></span></p>
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<p class="c20"><span class="c14">Intellectual Property Intro with Templates</span></p>
<p class="c20"><span class="c14">© 2020-<span id="yr">2023</span> M A Chatterjee</span></p><p class="c20"><span class="c24"></span><span class="c24"></span></p></div>
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