feat(rule): Flag div/p/spans/headings in focus order

Flag elements inserted into focus order without semantics that signal
interactivity.

fixes #632

doc/rule-descriptions.md

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 | document-title | Ensures each HTML document contains a non-empty <title> element | cat.text-alternatives, wcag2a, wcag242 | true |
 | duplicate-id | Ensures every id attribute value is unique | cat.parsing, wcag2a, wcag411 | true |
 | empty-heading | Ensures headings have discernible text | cat.name-role-value, best-practice | true |
+| focus-order-semantics | Ensures elements placed in the focus order have an appropriate aria role for interactive content | cat.keyboard, best-practice, experimental | true |
 | frame-title-unique | Ensures <iframe> and <frame> elements contain a unique title attribute | cat.text-alternatives, best-practice | true |
 | frame-title | Ensures <iframe> and <frame> elements contain a non-empty title attribute | cat.text-alternatives, wcag2a, wcag241, section508, section508.22.i | true |
 | heading-order | Ensures the order of headings is semantically correct | cat.semantics, best-practice | true |

lib/checks/aria/has-widget-role.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+var role = node.getAttribute('role');
+if (role === null) {
+	return false;
+}
+var roleType = axe.commons.aria.getRoleType(role);
+return roleType === 'widget' || roleType === 'composite';

lib/checks/aria/has-widget-role.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "has-widget-role",
+  "evaluate": "has-widget-role.js",
+  "options": [],
+  "metadata": {
+    "impact": "minor",
+    "messages": {
+      "pass": "Element has a widget role.",
+      "fail": "Element does not have a widget role."
+    }
+  }
+}

lib/checks/aria/valid-scrollable-semantics.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * A map from HTML tag names to a boolean which reflects whether it is
+ * appropriate for scrollable elements found in the focus order.
+ */
+const VALID_TAG_NAMES_FOR_SCROLLABLE_REGIONS = {
+  ARTICLE: true,
+  ASIDE: true,
+  NAV: true,
+  SECTION: true
+};
+
+/**
+ * A map from each landmark role to a boolean which reflects whether it is
+ * appropriate for scrollable elements found in the focus order.
+ */
+const VALID_ROLES_FOR_SCROLLABLE_REGIONS = {
+  banner: false,
+  complementary: true,
+  contentinfo: true,
+  form: true,
+  main: true,
+  navigation: true,
+  region: true,
+  search: false
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {HTMLElement} node
+ * @return {Boolean} Whether the element has a tag appropriate for a scrollable
+ *     region.
+ */
+function validScrollableTagName(node) {
+  // Some elements with nonsensical roles will pass this check, but should be
+  // flagged by other checks.
+  var tagName = node.tagName.toUpperCase();
+  return VALID_TAG_NAMES_FOR_SCROLLABLE_REGIONS[tagName] || false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {HTMLElement} node
+ * @return {Boolean} Whether the node has a role appropriate for a scrollable
+ *     region.
+ */
+function validScrollableRole(node) {
+  var role = node.getAttribute('role');
+  if (!role) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return VALID_ROLES_FOR_SCROLLABLE_REGIONS[role.toLowerCase()] || false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {HTMLElement} node
+ * @return {Boolean} Whether the element would have valid semantics if it were a
+ *      scrollable region.
+ */
+function validScrollableSemantics(node) {
+  return validScrollableRole(node) || validScrollableTagName(node);
+}
+
+return validScrollableSemantics(node);

lib/checks/aria/valid-scrollable-semantics.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "valid-scrollable-semantics",
+  "evaluate": "valid-scrollable-semantics.js",
+  "options": [],
+  "metadata": {
+    "impact": "minor",
+    "messages": {
+      "pass": "Element has valid semantics for an element in the focus order.",
+      "fail": "Element has invalid semantics for an element in the focus order."
+    }
+  }
+}

lib/commons/dom/is-focusable.js

@@ -70,3 +70,18 @@ dom.isNativelyFocusable = function(el) {
 	}
 	return false;
 };
+
+/**
+ * Determines if an element is in the focus order, but would not be if its
+ * tabindex were unspecified.
+ * @method insertedIntoFocusOrder
+ * @memberof axe.commons.dom
+ * @instance
+ * @param {HTMLElement} el The HTMLElement
+ * @return {Boolean} True if the element is in the focus order but wouldn't be
+ * if its tabindex were removed. Else, false.
+ */
+dom.insertedIntoFocusOrder = function(el) {
+	return (el.tabIndex > -1 && dom.isFocusable(el) &&
+			!dom.isNativelyFocusable(el));
+};

lib/rules/focus-order-semantics.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "focus-order-semantics",
+  "selector": "div, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, [role=heading], p, span",
+  "matches": "inserted-into-focus-order-matches.js",
+  "tags": ["cat.keyboard", "best-practice", "experimental"],
+  "metadata": {
+    "description": "Ensures elements in the focus order have an appropriate role",
+    "help": "Elements in the focus order need a role appropriate for interactive content"
+  },
+  "all": [],
+  "any": ["has-widget-role", "valid-scrollable-semantics"],
+  "none": []
+}

lib/rules/inserted-into-focus-order-matches.js

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+return axe.commons.dom.insertedIntoFocusOrder(node);