diff --git a/src/coreclr/jit/lclvars.cpp b/src/coreclr/jit/lclvars.cpp
index 0a852a43d0deb..27771bbb7c18c 100644
--- a/src/coreclr/jit/lclvars.cpp
+++ b/src/coreclr/jit/lclvars.cpp
@@ -1147,11 +1147,13 @@ void Compiler::lvaInitUserArgs(InitVarDscInfo* varDscInfo, unsigned skipArgs, un
         assert((doubleAlignMask & RBM_ARG_REGS) == doubleAlignMask);
         if (doubleAlignMask != RBM_NONE && doubleAlignMask != RBM_ARG_REGS)
         {
-            // doubleAlignMask can only be 0011 and/or 1100 as 'double aligned types' can
-            // begin at r0 or r2.
-            assert(doubleAlignMask == 0x3 || doubleAlignMask == 0xC /* || 0xF is if'ed out */);
+            // 'double aligned types' can begin only at r0 or r2 and we always expect at least two registers to be used
+            // Note that in rare cases, we can have double-aligned structs of 12 bytes (if specified explicitly with
+            // attributes)
+            assert((doubleAlignMask == 0b0011) || (doubleAlignMask == 0b1100) ||
+                   (doubleAlignMask == 0b0111) /* || 0b1111 is if'ed out */);
 
-            // Now if doubleAlignMask is 0011 i.e., {r0,r1} and we prespill r2 or r3
+            // Now if doubleAlignMask is xyz1 i.e., the struct starts in r0, and we prespill r2 or r3
             // but not both, then the stack would be misaligned for r0. So spill both
             // r2 and r3.
             //
@@ -1160,7 +1162,10 @@ void Compiler::lvaInitUserArgs(InitVarDscInfo* varDscInfo, unsigned skipArgs, un
             // ; -8 r1    r1
             // ; -c r0    r0   <-- misaligned.
             // ; callee saved regs
-            if (doubleAlignMask == 0x3 && doubleAlignMask != codeGen->regSet.rsMaskPreSpillRegArg)
+            bool startsAtR0 = (doubleAlignMask & 1) == 1;
+            bool r2XorR3    = ((codeGen->regSet.rsMaskPreSpillRegArg & RBM_R2) == 0) !=
+                           ((codeGen->regSet.rsMaskPreSpillRegArg & RBM_R3) == 0);
+            if (startsAtR0 && r2XorR3)
             {
                 codeGen->regSet.rsMaskPreSpillAlign =
                     (~codeGen->regSet.rsMaskPreSpillRegArg & ~doubleAlignMask) & RBM_ARG_REGS;
diff --git a/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_42723/Runtime_42723.cs b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_42723/Runtime_42723.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ac9099a86c86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_42723/Runtime_42723.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+class Runtime_42723
+{
+    static int Main()
+    {
+        return Test(new S { X = 17, Y = 83 });
+    }
+
+    // On ARM32 we were asserting for a 8-byte aligned 12-byte struct as a parameter
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
+    static int Test(S s) => (int)(s.X + s.Y);
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 12)]
+    struct S
+    {
+        public double X;
+        public float Y;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_42723/Runtime_42723.csproj b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_42723/Runtime_42723.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9a1d21f86b7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_42723/Runtime_42723.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <DebugType>None</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>False</Optimize>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="$(MSBuildProjectName).cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file