diff --git a/effekt/jvm/src/main/scala/effekt/Driver.scala b/effekt/jvm/src/main/scala/effekt/Driver.scala
index 0b85d2bf8b..5a86c066a8 100644
--- a/effekt/jvm/src/main/scala/effekt/Driver.scala
+++ b/effekt/jvm/src/main/scala/effekt/Driver.scala
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ trait Driver extends kiama.util.Compiler[EffektConfig, EffektError] { outer =>
         }
 
         // we are in one of three exclusive modes: LSPServer, Compile, Run
-        if (config.server()) { compiler.runFrontend(src) }
+        if (config.server()) { compiler.runMiddleend(src) }
         else if (config.interpret()) { compile() foreach runner.eval }
         else if (config.build()) { compile() foreach runner.build }  
         else if (config.compile()) { compile() }
diff --git a/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/Compiler.scala b/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/Compiler.scala
index 4f94475ed8..9962e53bad 100644
--- a/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/Compiler.scala
+++ b/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/Compiler.scala
@@ -125,6 +125,14 @@ trait Compiler[Executable] {
       mod
     }
 
+  def runMiddleend(source: Source)(using Context): Option[Typechecked] =
+    (Parser andThen
+    Namer andThen
+    BoxUnboxInference andThen
+    Typer andThen
+    Wellformedness andThen
+    AnnotateCaptures)(source)
+
   /**
    * Called after running the frontend from editor services.
    *
diff --git a/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/source/AnnotateCaptures.scala b/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/source/AnnotateCaptures.scala
index 76ed621e34..8122a58cfa 100644
--- a/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/source/AnnotateCaptures.scala
+++ b/effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/source/AnnotateCaptures.scala
@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ object AnnotateCaptures extends Phase[Typechecked, Typechecked], Query[Unit, Cap
 
   def annotate(tree: source.ModuleDecl, src: Source)(using Context): Unit =
     given Unit = ();
+    // reset allCaptures since multiple runs of this Phase may pollute it with outdated information
+    allCaptures = Nil
     query(tree)
     Context.annotate(Annotations.CaptureForFile, src, allCaptures)