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textbook_problems.py
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textbook_problems.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from problems import *
# Odden's Introducing Phonology
Odden_Problems = []
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Russian Odden 68-69''',
[
# Nominative sg Genitive sg Gloss
(u"vagon", u"vagona"), # wagon
(u"avtomobil^y", u"avtomobil^ya"), # car
(u"večer", u"večera"), # evening
(u"muš", u"muža"), # husband
(u"karandaš", u"karandaša"), # pencil
(u"glas", u"glaza"), # eye
(u"golos", u"golosa"), # voice
(u"ras", u"raza"), # time
(u"les", u"lesa"), # forest
(u"porok", u"poroga"), # threshold
(u"vrak", u"vraga"), # enemy
(u"urok", u"uroka"), # lesson
(u"porok", u"poroka"), # vice
(u"t^svet", u"t^sveta"), # color
(u"prut", u"pruda"), # pond
(u"soldat", u"soldata"), # soldier
(u"zavot", u"zavoda"), # factory
(u"xlep", u"xleba"), # bread
(u"grip", u"griba"), # mushroom
(u"trup", u"trupa") # corpse
],
solutions = [u'''
stem
stem + a
[-sonorant] -> [-voice] / _ #
''']))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Finnish Odden 73-74
''',
[
# a. Nominative sg Partitive sg Gloss
(u"aamu", u"aamua"), # morning
(u"hopea", u"hopeaa"), # silver
(u"katto", u"kattoa"), # roof
(u"kello", u"kelloa"), # clock
(u"kirya", u"kiryaa"), # book
(u"külmæ", u"külmææ"), # cold
(u"koulu", u"koulua"), # school
(u"lintu", u"lintua"), # bird
(u"hüllü", u"hüllüæ"), # shelf
(u"kömpelö", u"kömpelöæ"), # clumsy
(u"nækö", u"næköæ"), # appearance
# b. Nominative sg Partitive sg Gloss
(u"yoki", u"yokea"), # river
(u"kivi", u"kiveæ"), # stone
(u"muuri", u"muuria"), # wall
(u"naapuri", u"naapuria"), # neighbor
(u"nimi", u"nimeæ"), # name
(u"kaappi", u"kaappia"), # chest of drawers
(u"kaikki", u"kaikkea"), # all
(u"kiirehti", u"kiirehtiæ"), # hurry
(u"lehti", u"lehteæ"), # leaf
(u"mæki", u"mækeæ"), # hill
(u"ovi", u"ovea"), # door
(u"posti", u"postia"), # mail
(u"tukki", u"tukkia"), # log
(u"æiti", u"æitiæ"), # mother
(u"englanti", u"englantia"), # England
(u"yærvi", u"yærveæ"), # lake
(u"koski", u"koskea"), # waterfall
(u"reki", u"rekeæ"), # sledge
(u"væki", u"vækeæ") # people
],
solutions = [u'''
stem
stem + æ
e ---> [ +high ] / _ #
æ ---> [ +back ] / [ +back +continuant ] [ ]* _
''']))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Kerewe Odden 76-77
''',
[
# Infinitive 1sg habitual 3sg habitual Imperative Gloss
(u"kupaamba", u"mpaamba", u"apaamba", u"paamba"), # adorn
(u"kupaaŋga", u"mpaaŋga", u"apaaŋga", u"paaŋga"), # line up
(u"kupima", u"mpima", u"apima", u"pima"), # measure
(u"kupuupa", u"mpuupa", u"apuupa", u"puupa"), # be light
(u"kupekeča", u"mpekeča", u"apekeča", u"pekeča"), # make fire with stick
(u"kupiinda", u"mpiinda", u"apiinda", u"piinda"), # be bent
(u"kuhiiga", u"mpiiga", u"ahiiga", u"hiiga"), # hunt
(u"kuheeka", u"mpeeka", u"aheeka", u"heeka"), # carry
(u"kuhaaŋga", u"mpaaŋga", u"ahaaŋga", u"haaŋga"), # create
(u"kuheeba", u"mpeeba", u"aheeba", u"heeba"), # guide
(u"kuhiima", u"mpiima", u"ahiima", u"hiima"), # gasp
(u"kuhuuha", u"mpuuha", u"ahuuha", u"huuha") # breath into
],
solutions = [u'''
ku + stem + a
m + stem + a
a + stem + a
stem + a
# postnasal hardening
[-voice] -> p / [+nasal] _
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
English Odden 77-78
''',
[
## Noun Plural Suffix
# suffix [s]
(u"kæps",), # caps
(u"kæts",), # cats
(u"kaks",), # cocks
(u"pruwfs",), # proofs
# suffix [z]
(u"kæbz",), # cabs
(u"kædz",), # cads
(u"kagz",), # cogs
(u"hʊvz",), # hooves
(u"fliyz",), # fleas
(u"plæwz",), # plows
(u"pyṛez",), # purees
(u"klæmz",), # clams
(u"kænz",), # cans
(u"karz",), # cars
(u"gəlz",), # gulls
## 3sg Present Verbal Suffix
# suffix [s]
(u"slæps",), # slaps
(u"hɩts",), # hits
(u"powks",), # pokes
# suffix [z]
(u"stæbz",), # stabs
(u"haydz",), # hides
(u"dɩgz",), # digs
(u"læfs",), # laughs
(u"pɩθs",), # piths
(u"slæmz",), # slams
(u"kænz",), # cans
(u"hæŋz",), # hangs
(u"θrayvz",), # thrives
(u"beyðz",), # bathes
(u"flayz",) # flies
],
solutions = [u'''
stem + z
[-sonorant] -> [-voice] / [-voice] _
''']))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Jita Odden 79
''',
[
(u"okuβuma", # to hit
u"okuβumira", # to hit for
u"okuβumana", # to hit each other
u"okuβumirana", # to hit for each other
u"okumuβúma", # to hit him/her
u"okumuβúmira", # to hit for him/her
u"okučiβúma", # to hit it
u"okučiβúmira"), # to hit for it
(u"okusiβa", # to block
u"okusiβira", # to block for
u"okusiβana", # to block each other
u"okusiβirana", # to block for each other
u"okumusíβa", # to block him/her
u"okumusíβira", # to block for him/her
u"okučisíβa", # to block it
u"okučisíβira"), # to block for it
(u"okulúma", # to bite
u"okulumíra", # to bite for
u"okulumána", # to bite each other
u"okulumírana", # to bite for each other
None,None,None,None),
(u"okukúβa", # to fold
u"okukuβíra", # to fold for
u"okukuβána", # to fold each other
u"okukuβírana", # to fold for each other
None,None,None,None)
],
solutions = [u'''
oku + stem + a
oku + stem + ir + a
oku + stem + an + a
oku + stem + ir + an + a
oku + mú + stem + a
oku + mú + stem + ir + a
oku + čí + stem + a
oku + čí + stem + ir + a
# High tone shifting
[+highTone]C[-highTone] > [-highTone]C[+highTone]
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem( # RERUN
u'''
Korean Odden 81
''',
[
# Imperative Plain Present Gloss
(u"ana", u"annɨnta"), # hug
(u"kama", u"kamnɨnta"), # wind
(u"sinə", u"sinnɨnta"), # wear shoes
(u"t̚atɨmə", u"t̚atɨmnɨnta"), # trim
(u"nəmə", u"nəmnɨnta"), # overflow
(u"nama", u"namnɨnta"), # remain
(u"č^hama", u"č^hamnɨnta"), # endure
(u"ipə", u"imnɨnta"), # put on
(u"kupə", u"kumnɨnta"), # bend
(u"čəpə", u"čəmnɨnta"), # fold
(u"tata", u"tannɨnta"), # close
(u"put^hə", u"punnɨnta"), # adhere
(u"čoč^ha", u"čonnɨnta"), # follow
(u"məkə", u"məŋnɨnta"), # eat
(u"sək̚ə", u"səŋnɨnta"), # mix
(u"tak̚a", u"taŋnɨnta"), # polish
(u"čukə", u"čuŋnɨnta"), # die
(u"ikə", u"iŋnɨnta") # ripen
],
solutions = [u'''
stem + ə
stem + nɨnta
[ +aspirated ] > [ -aspirated ] / _ C ; this test case will pass even if this is not included
ə > a / a C* _
[-sonorant] > [+nasal] / _[+nasal]
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Koasati Odden 81
''',
[
# Noun 1st-sg-pos("my") + N Gloss
(u"apahčá", u"amapahčá"), # shadow
(u"asikčí", u"amasikčí"), # muscle
(u"ilkanó", u"amilkanó"), # right side
(u"ifá", u"amifá"), # dog
(u"a:pó", u"ama:pó"), # grandmother
(u"iskí", u"amiskí"), # mother
(u"pačokkö́ka", u"ampačokkö́ka"), # chair
(u"towá", u"antowá"), # onion
(u"kastó", u"aŋkastó"), # flea
(u"bayá:na", u"ambayá:na"), # stomach
(u"tá:ta", u"antá:ta"), # father
(u"čofkoní", u"añčofkoní"), # bone
(u"kitiłká", u"aŋkitiłká"), # hair bangs
(u"toní", u"antoní") # hip
],
solutions = [u'''
stem
am + stem
[+nasal] > place+1 / _ [-sonorant]
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Samoan Odden 85
''',
[
# Simple Perfective Gloss
(u"olo", u"oloia"), # rub
(u"lafo", u"lafoia"), # cast
(u"aŋa", u"aŋaia"), # face
(u"usu", u"usuia"), # get up and go early
(u"tau", u"tauia"), # reach a destination
(u"taui", u"tauia"), # repay
(u"sa:ʔili", u"sa:ʔilia"), # look for
(u"vaŋai", u"vaŋaia"), # face each other
(u"paʔi", u"paʔia"), # touch
(u"naumati", u"naumatia"), # be waterless
(u"sa:uni", u"sa:unia"), # prepare
(u"seŋi", u"seŋia"), # be shy
(u"lele", u"lelea"), # fly
(u"suʔe", u"suʔea"), # uncover
(u"taʔe", u"taʔea"), # smash
(u"tafe", u"tafea"), # flow
(u"ta:upule", u"ta:upulea"), # confer
(u"palepale", u"palepalea"), # hold firm
(u"tu:", u"tu:lia"), # stand
(u"tau", u"taulia"), # cost
(u"ʔalo", u"ʔalofia"), # avoid
(u"oso", u"osofia"), # jump
(u"sao", u"saofia"), # collect
(u"asu", u"asuŋia"), # smoke
(u"pole", u"poleŋia"), # be anxious
(u"ifo", u"ifoŋia"), # bow down
(u"ula", u"ulaŋia"), # mock
(u"milo", u"milosia"), # twist
(u"valu", u"valusia"), # scrape
(u"vela", u"velasia"), # be cooked
(u"api", u"apitia"), # be lodged
(u"eʔe", u"eʔetia"), # be raised
(u"lava:", u"lava:tia"), # be able
(u"u:", u"u:tia"), # grip
(u"puni", u"punitia"), # be blocked
(u"siʔo", u"siʔomia"), # be enclosed
(u"ŋalo", u"ŋalomia"), # forget
(u"sopo", u"sopoʔia"), # go across
(u"au", u"aulia"), # flow on
(u"ma:tau", u"ma:taulia"), # observe
(u"ili", u"ilifia"), # blow
(u"ulu", u"ulufia"), # enter
(u"taŋo", u"taŋofia"), # take hold
(u"soa", u"soaŋia"), # have a friend
(u"fesili", u"fesiliŋia"), # question
(u"ʔote", u"ʔoteŋia"), # scold
(u"tofu", u"tofuŋia"), # dive
(u"laʔa", u"laʔasia"), # step
(u"taŋi", u"taŋisia"), # cry
(u"motu", u"motusia"), # break
(u"mataʔu", u"mataʔutia"), # fear
(u"sau", u"sautia"), # fall
(u"oʔo", u"oʔotia"), # arrive
(u"ufi", u"ufitia"), # cover
(u"tanu", u"tanumia"), # cover up
(u"moʔo", u"moʔomia"), # admire
(u"tao", u"taomia"), # cover
(u"fana", u"fanaʔia") # shoot
],
solutions = [u'''
stem
stem + ia
# Vowel-cluster reduction
[ +vowel -back] -> 0 / [ +vowel -back ] _
# Final consonant deletion
C -> 0 / _ #
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Palauan Odden 88
''',
[
# Present middle Future innovative Future Conservative Gloss
(u"mədáŋəb", u"dəŋəbáll", u"dəŋóbl"), # cover
(u"mətéʔəb", u"təʔəbáll", u"təʔíbl"), # pull out
(u"məŋétəm", u"ŋətəmáll", u"ŋətóml"), # lick
(u"mətábək", u"təbəkáll", u"təbákl"), # patch
(u"məʔárəm", u"ʔərəmáll", u"ʔəróml"), # taste
(u"məsésəb", u"səsəbáll", u"səsóbl") # burn
],
solutions = [u'''
mə + stem
stem + al + l
stem + l
# final syllable stressed if ends in two consonants
[ +vowel ] -> [ +highTone ] / _CC#
#otherwise the second to last (penultimate) syllable stressed
[ +vowel ] -> [ +highTone ] / _CVC#
'''],stressful=True
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Bukusu Odden 105
''',
[
# Imperative 3pl pres 1sg pres Gloss
(u"ča", u"βača", u"ñǰa"), # go
(u"čexa", u"βačexa", u"ñǰexa"), # laugh
(u"čučuuŋga", u"βačučuuŋga", u"ñǰučuuŋga"), # sieve
(u"talaanda", u"βatalaanda", u"ndalaanda"), # go around
(u"teexa", u"βateexa", u"ndeexa"), # cook
(u"tiira", u"βatiira", u"ndiira"), # get ahold of
(u"piima", u"βapiima", u"mbiima"), # weigh
(u"pakala", u"βapakala", u"mbakala"), # writhe in pain
(u"ketulula", u"βaketulula", u"ŋgetulula"), # pour out
(u"kona", u"βakona", u"ŋgona"), # pass the night
(u"kula", u"βakula", u"ŋgula"), # buy
(u"kwa", u"βakwa", u"ŋgwa") # fall
],
solutions = [u'''
stem
βa + stem
n + stem
# Postnasal voicing
[ -voice ] -> [ +voice ] / [ +nasal ] _
# Nasal place assimilation
# [ +nasal ] -> [ αplace ] / _ [αplace]
[ +nasal ] -> place+1 / _ C
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Lithuanian Odden 114
''',
[
# a.
# /at/
(u"at-eiti",None), # to arrive
(u"at-imti",None), # to take away
(u"at-nešti",None), # to bring
(u"at-leisti",None), # to forgive
(u"at-likti",None), # to complete
(u"at-ko:pti",None), # to rise
(u"at-praši:ti",None), # to ask
(u"at-kurti",None), # to reestablish
# /ap/
(None,u"ap-eiti"), # to circumvent
(None,u"ap-ieško:ti"), # to search everywhere
(None,u"ap-akti"), # to become blind
(None,u"ap-mo:ki:ti"), # to train
(None,u"ap-temdi:ti"), # to obscure
(None,u"ap-šaukti"), # to proclaim
# b.
# /at/
(u"ad-bekti",None), # to run up
(u"ad-gauti",None), # to get back
(u"ad-bukti",None), # to become blunt
(u"ad-gimti",None), # to be born again
# /ap/
(None,u"ab-gauti"), # to deceive
(None,u"ab-ž^yureti"), # to have a look at
(None,u"ab-želti"), # to become overgrown
(None,u"ab-dauži:ti"), # to damage
(None,u"ab-draski:ti"), # to tear
],
solutions = [u'''
at + stem
ap + stem
# Voicing assimilation
[ -sonorant ] -> [ +voice ] / _ [ -sonorant +voice ]
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Armenian Odden 116
''',
[
# a.
(u"kert^ham",), # I will go
(u"k-asiem",), # I will say
(u"k-aniem",), # I will do
(u"k-akaniem",), # I will watch
(u"k-oxniem",), # I will bless
(u"k-urriem",), # I will swell
# b.
(u"kə-tam",), # I will give
(u"kə-kienam",), # I will exist
(u"gə-bəzzam",), # I will buzz
(u"gə-lam",), # I will cry
(u"gə-zəram",), # I will bray
(u"k^hə-t^huoyniem",), # I will allow
(u"k^hə-č^hap^hiem",), # I will measure
(u"g^hə-b^hieřiem",), # I will carry
(u"g^hə-g^huom",), # I will come
(u"g^hə-d^z^hieviem",), # I will form
],
solutions = [u'''
at + stem
ap + stem
# Voicing assimilation
[ -sonorant ] -> [ +voice ] / _ [ +sonorant +voice ]
''']
))
Odden_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Yawelmani Odden 170
''',
[
# Nonefuture Imperative Dubitative Passive_aorist Gloss
(u"xathin", u"xatk'a", u"xatal", u"xatit"), # eat
(u"dubhun", u"dubk'a", u"dubal", u"dubut"), # lead by hand
(u"xilhin", u"xilk'a", u"xilal", u"xilit"), # tangle
(u"k'oʔhin", u"k'oʔk'o", u"k'oʔol", u"k'oʔit"), # throw
(u"doshin", u"dosk'o", u"do:sol", u"do:sit"), # report
(u"ṣaphin", u"ṣapk'a", u"ṣa:pal", u"ṣa:pit"), # burn
(u"lanhin", u"lank'a", u"la:nal", u"la:nit"), # hear
(u"mek'hin", u"mek'k'a", u"me:k'al", u"me:k'it"), # swallow
(u"wonhin", u"wonk'o", u"wo:nol", u"wo:nit"), # hide
(u"p'axathin", u"p'axatk'a", u"p'axa:tal", u"p'axa:tit"), # mourn
(u"hiwethin", u"hiwetk'a", u"hiwe:tal", u"hiwe:tit"), # walk
(u"ʔopothin", u"ʔopotk'o", u"ʔopo:tol", u"ʔopo:tit"), # arise from bed
(u"yawalhin", u"yawalk'a", u"yawa:lal", u"yawa:lit"), # follow
(u"paʔiṭhin", u"paʔiṭk'a", u"paʔṭal", u"paʔṭit"), # fight
(u"ʔilikhin", u"ʔilikk'a", u"ʔilkal", u"ʔilkit"), # sing
(u"logiwhin", u"logiwk'a", u"logwol", u"logwit"), # pulverize
(u"ʔugunhun", u"ʔugunk'a", u"ʔugnal", u"ʔugnut"), # drink
(u"lihimhin", u"lihimk'a", u"lihmal", u"lihmit"), # run
(u"ʔayiyhin", u"ʔayiyk'a", u"ʔayyal", u"ʔayyit"), # pole a boat
(u"t'oyixhin", u"t'oyixk'a", u"t'oyxol", u"t'oyxit"), # give medicine
(u"luk'ulhun", u"luk'ulk'a", u"luk'lal", u"luk'lut"), # bury
(u"so:nilhin", u"so:nilk'a", u"sonlol", u"sonlit"), # put on back
(u"ʔa:milhin", u"ʔa:milk'a", u"ʔamlal", u"ʔamlit"), # help
(u"mo:yinhin", u"mo:yink'a", u"moynol", u"moynit"), # become tired
(u"ṣa:lik'hin", u"ṣa:lik'k'a", u"ṣalk'al", u"ṣalk'it") # wake up
],
solutions = [u'''
stem + hin/hun
stem + k'a/k'o
stem + al/ol
stem + it/ut
# Vowel Harmony
[ +vowel αhi ] -> [ +round ] / [ +vowel αhi +round ]
# Vowel Shortening
[ +vowel ] -> [ -long ] / _CC
# Epenthesis OR Vowel Deletion (One or the other - Both Works with the data)
0 -> [ +vowel +high ] / C_CC # Epenthesis
[ +vowel -long ] -> 0 / VC_CV # Vowel Deletion
''']
))
# Halle's Problem Book in Phonology
Halle_Problems = []
Problem('''
Indonesian Halle 125
''',
[
# simple form prefixed form gloss
(u"lempar", u"məlempar"), #'throw'
(u"rasa", u"mərasa"), #'feel'
(u"wakil", u"məwakili"), #'represent'
(u"yakin", u"məyakini"), #'convince'
(u"masak", u"məmasak"), #'cook'
(u"nikah", u"mənikah"), #'marry'
(u"ŋaco", u"məŋaco"), #'chat'
(u"ɲaɲi", u"məɲaɲi"), #'sing'
(u"hituŋ", u"məŋhituŋ"), #'count'
(u"gambar", u"məŋgambar"), #'draw a picture'
(u"kirim", u"məŋirim"), #'send'
(u"dəŋar", u"məndəŋar"), #'hear'
(u"tulis", u"mənulis"), #'write'
(u"bantu", u"məmbantu"), #'help'
(u"pukul", u"məmukul"), #'hit'
(u"ǰahit", u"mən̆ǰahit"), #'sew'
(u"čatat", u"mən̆čatat"), #'note down'
(u"ambil", u"məŋambil"), #'take'
(u"isi", u"məŋisi"), #'fill up'
(u"undaŋ", u"məŋundaŋ"), #'invite'
],
solutions=[u'''
stem
mə + stem + i
ŋ > 0 / #_C
[-sonorant] > [+nasal] / #mə_
[+nasal] > place+1 / _ [-vowel]
i > 0 / m [-glide]* _ #
''',
# u'''
# stem
# mə + stem
# ŋ > ∅ / __ C, [+sonorant]
# ŋ > m / __ [-sonorant, LAB]
# ŋ > n / __ [-sonorant, +ant]
# ŋ > ɲ/ __ [-sonorant, -ant]
# [-vce, -cont] > ∅ / [+nasal] __ across a morpheme boundary
# '''
])
# Roca's A Workbook in Phonology
Roca_Problems = []
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
German Roca 16
''',
[
# lexical form phonetic form gloss
# Uninflected/Plural/Infinitive/Masculine
(u"tak", u"tagə",None,None), # day
(u"volk", u"volkə",None,None), # people
(u"pəriskop", u"pəriskopə",None,None), # periscope
(u"hof", u"höfə",None,None), # courtyard
(u"wək", u"wəgə",None,None), # way
(u"ros", u"rosə",None,None), # horse
(u"raup",None,u"raubən", None), # robbery
(u"ləit",None,u"ləidən",None), # sorry
(u"lop",None,u"lobən",None), # praise
(u"lant",None,u"landən", None), # land
(u"rat",None,u"ratən",None), # advice
(u"grəis",u"grəizes",None,None), # old man
(u"braf",None,None,u"bravər"), # obedient (pred.) / (masc.)
],
solutions = [u'''
stem
stem + ə
stem + ən
stem + ər
[-sonorant] -> [-voice] / _#
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Dutch Roca 17
''',
[
# lexical form phonetic form gloss
(u"klaptə",), # applauded
(u"krabdə",), # scratched
(u"rɛdə",), # saved
(u"vɩstə",), # fished
(u"razdə",), # raged
(u"zɛtə",), # put
(u"maftə",), # slept
(u"klovdə",), # split
(u"lɛɣdə",), # laid
(u"laxtə",), # laughed
(u"rumdə",), # praised
(u"zundə",), # kissed
(u"meŋdə",), # mixed
(u"rurdə",), # stirred
(u"rɔldə",), # rolled
(u"ajdə",), # caressed
(u"skidə",) # skied
],
solutions = [u'''
stem + də
[-sonorant] > [-voice] / [-voice] _
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Zoque Roca 25
''',
[
# lexical_form my+
(u"pama", u"mbama"), # clothing
(u"tatah", u"ndatah"), # father
(u"kwarto", u"ŋgwarto"), # room
(u"plato", u"mblato"), # plate
(u"trama", u"ndrama"), # trap
(u"disko", u"ndisko"), # record
(u"gaju", u"ŋgaju"), # rooster
(u"čoʔngoja", u"ɲǰoʔngoja"), # rabbit
(u"tsima", u"ndzima"), # calabash
(u"sʌk", u"sʌk"), # beans
(u"faha", u"faha"), # belt
(u"šapun", u"šapun"), # soap
],
solutions = [
u'''
stem
ɲ + stem
[+nasal] > 0 / #_[-sonorant +continuant -voice]
[+nasal] > place+1 / #_ C
C > [+voice] / #[+nasal]C*_
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Anxiang Roca 37
''',
[
# base diminutive_form
(u"tie", u"tie tiər"), # small dish, plate
(u"mian", u"mian miər"), # face
(u"tai", u"tai tər"), # belt
(u"pau", u"pau pər"), # bud
(u"ke", u"ke kər"), # check, chequer
(u"fa", u"fa fər"), # law, way
(u"o", u"o ər"), # bird's nest
(u"ti", u"ti tiər"), # bamboo flute
(u"tin", u"tin tiər"), # nail
(u"p^hu", u"p^hu p^hər"), # spread
(u"tx̯y", u"tx̯y tx̯yər") # pearl
],
solutions = [u'''
# No solution
"""
stem
stem + partial_stem + ər
*** FIND THE PART OF THE BASE STEM IN THE DUPLICATED FORM
"""
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Verlan Roca 31
''',
[
# French Verlan gloss
(u"gamɛ̃", u"mɛ̃ga"), # kid (masc.)
(u"gamin", u"minga"), # kid (fem.)
(u"kopɛ̃", u"pɛ̃ko"), # mate (masc.)
(u"kopin", u"pinko"), # mate (fem.)
(u"frãsɛ", u"sɛfrã"), # French (masc.)
(u"frãsɛz", u"sɛzfrã"), # French (fem.)
(u"fyme", u"mefy"), # to smoke
(u"finir", u"nirfi"), # to finish
(u"rigolo", u"logori"), # funny
(u"tabure", u"rebuta"), # stool
(u"papiyɔ̃", u"yɔ̃pipa"), # butterfly
(u"sigarɛt", u"garɛtsi"), # cigarette
(u"korida", u"ridako"), # bull fight
(u"ãkyle", u"leãky"), # sod
(u"degölas", u"lasdegö"), # disgusting
(u"karate", u"tekara"), # karate
],
supervised=True,
solutions = [u'''
# No solution
# Syllable inversion
# disyllabic: first and second syllables switch places
# trisyllabic: ?
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Icelandic Roca 35
''',
[
# y, in the IPa system, is ü in the APA system
# Nom_sg Acc_sg Dat_sg Gen_sg Dat_pl Gen_pl gloss
# Nom_sg Acc_sg
(u"dagur", u"dag", None, None, None, None), # day
(u"staður", u"stað", None, None, u"stöðum", None), # place
(u"hestur", u"hest", None, None, None, None), # horse
(u"bær", u"bæ", None, None, None, None), # farmhouse
(u"læknir", u"lækni", None, None, None, None), # physician
# Nom_sg Dat_sg
(u"lifur", None, u"lifri", None, None, None), # liver
(u"akur", None, u"agri", None, u"ökrum", None), # field
(u"aldur", None, u"aldri", None, u"öldrum", None), # age
# Nom_sg Acc_sg Gen_sg Dat_pl Gen_pl
(u"lüfur", u"lüf", None, u"lüfs", u"lüfjum", u"lüfja"), # medicine
(u"bülur", u"bül", None, u"büls", u"büljum", u"bülja"), # snowstorm
(u"söngur", u"söng", None, u"söngs", u"söngvum", u"söngva"), # song
# Nom_sg Dat_pl
(u"barn", None, None, None, u"börnum", None), # child
(u"baggi", None, None, None, u"böggull", None), # package
(u"jaki", None, None, None, u"jökull", None), # glacier
(u"θagga", None, None, None, u"θögull", None), # taciturn
(u"kalla", None, None, None, u"köllum", None), # call (1st pl.)
# (u"akur", None, None, None, u"ökrum", None), # field
# (u"aldur", None, None, None, u"öldrum", None), # age
# (u"staður", None, None, None, u"stöðum", None) # place
],
solutions = [u'''
stem + ur
stem
stem + ri
stem + s
stem + jum
stem + ja
u > 0 / V _
[-continuant -sonorant] > [+voice] / _ r
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Lumasaaba Roca 89
''',
[
# a+[word] small+[word]
(u"iɲɉele", u"xaçele"), # frog (ie. a frog, small frog)
(u"iŋga:fu", u"xaxa:fu"), # cow
(u"imbeβa", u"xaβeβa"), # rat
(u"iŋgoxo", u"xakoxo"), # hen
(u"iŋgwe", u"xakwe"), # leopard
(u"indali", u"xatali"), # beer
(u"imboko", u"xaβoko") # buffalo
],
solutions = [u'''
# No solution
# iɲ/iŋ/in/im + stem
# xa + stem
# *** FIND THE STEM INITIAL CONSONANT VARIATION
im + stem
xa + stem
C > [-continuant +voice] / [+nasal] _
[+nasal] > place+1 / _ C
''']
))
Roca_Problems.append(Problem(
u'''
Tunica Roca 104
According to:
http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msyfalk/Phon/English/OrderHwk.pdf
there is a bug in this problem - the third singular feminine present progressive suffix should not have any stress markers
''',
[
# Infinitive 3rd_sg_masc 3rd_sg_fem 3rd_sg_fem_pres_prog
(u"pó", u"póʔuhki", u"póʔɔki", u"póhkʔaki"), # look
(u"pí", u"píʔuhki", u"píʔɛki", u"píhkʔaki"), # emerge
(u"já", u"jáʔuhki", u"jáʔaki", u"jáhkʔaki"), # do
(u"čú", u"čúʔuhki", u"čúʔɔki", u"čúhkʔaki"), # take
(u"hára", u"hárʔuhki", u"hárʔaki", u"hárahkʔaki"), # sing
(u"hípu", u"hípʔuhki", u"hípʔɔki", u"hípuhkʔaki"), # dance
(u"náši", u"nášʔuhki", u"nášʔɛki", u"nášihkʔaki") # lead someone
],
solutions = [u'''
# No solution
stem
stem + ʔuhki
stem + ʔaki
stem + hkʔaki
a > ɔ / [+rounded] C _
a > ɛ / [+vowel +high] C _
[+vowel -highTone] > 0 / _ʔ
'''],
stressful=True
))
Halle_Problems.append(Problem('''
Turkish Halle 85
''',
[
# Nom_sg Gen_sg Nom_pl Gen_pl gloss
(u"ip", u"ipin", u"ipler", u"iplerin"), # rope
(u"kɨz", u"kɨzɨn", u"kɨzlar", u"kɨzlarɨn"), # girl
(u"yüz", u"yüzün", u"yüzler", u"yüzlerin"), # face
(u"pul", u"pulun", u"pullar", u"pullarɨn"), # stamp
(u"el", u"elin", u"eller", u"ellerin"), # hand
(u"čan", u"čanɨn", u"čanlar", u"čanlarɨn"), # bell
(u"köy", u"köyün", u"köyler", u"köylerin"), # village
(u"son", u"sonun", u"sonlar", u"sonlarɨn") # end
],
solutions = [u'''
# solution found by system
stem
stem + un
stem + lar
stem + larɨn
V > [-back -low] / [+vowel -back] [ ] _
V > [-rounded] / [ -rounded ] [ ]* _
''']
))
Halle_Problems.append(Problem('''
Turkish Halle 97
''',
[
# noun_stem possessed_form gloss
(u"ip", u"ipi"), # rope
(u"bit", u"biti"), # louse
(u"sebep", u"sebebi"), # reason
(u"kanat", u"kanadɨ"), # wing
(u"šeref", u"šerefi"), # honor
(u"kɨč", u"kɨčɨ"), # rump
(u"pilot", u"pilotu"), # pilot
(u"demet", u"demeti"), # bunch
(u"šarap", u"šarabɨ"), # wine
(u"ahmet", u"ahmedi"), # Ahmed
(u"pabuč", u"pabuǰu"), # slipper
(u"güč", u"güǰü"), # power
(u"sepet", u"sepeti"), # basket
(u"sanat", u"sanatɨ"), # art
(u"kep", u"kepi"), # cap
(u"kurt", u"kurdu"), # worm
(u"sač", u"sačɨ"), # hair
(u"renk", u"rengi") # color
],
solutions = [u'''
# No solution
stem
stem + in/ɨn/ün/un
stem + ler/lar
stem + ler/lar + in/ɨn
''']
))
Halle_Problems.append(Problem('''
Russian Halle 109
''',
[
# from without next_to
(u"at rózɨ", u"b^yiz rózɨ", u"u rózɨ"), # rose
(u"at álɨ", u"b^yiz álɨ", u"u álɨ"), # Ala (name)
(u"at karóvɨ", u"b^yiz karóvɨ", u"u karóvɨ"), # cow
(u"ad baradɨ́", u"b^yiz baradɨ́", u"u baradɨ́"), # beard
(u"at s^yistrɨ́", u"b^yis s^yistrɨ́", u"u s^yistrɨ́") # sister
],
solutions = [u'''
# No solution
# Voicing Assimilation - consonant alternations in the preposition
'''],stressful=True
))
Halle_Problems.append(Problem('''
Klamath Halle 113
''',
[
# underlying surface
(u"honli:na", u"holli:na"), # flies along the bank
# (u"honl̥y", u"holhi"), # flies into
(u"honl̥", u"holh"), # flies into
(u"honl`a:l`a", u"holʔa:l`a"), # flies into the fire
(u"pa:ll̥a", u"pa:lha"), # dries on
(u"yalyall`i", u"yalyalʔi") # clear
],
solutions = [u'''