diff --git a/cli/src/lib/pub.ts b/cli/src/lib/pub.ts
index d4cb4a335..6b106209b 100644
--- a/cli/src/lib/pub.ts
+++ b/cli/src/lib/pub.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,29 @@ import delay from '../utils/delay'
 import { saveConfig, loadConfig } from '../utils/config'
 import { loadSimulator } from '../utils/simulate'
 import { serializeProtobufToBuffer } from '../utils/protobuf'
+import convertPayload from '../utils/convertPayload'
+
+const processPublishMessage = (
+  message: string | Buffer,
+  protobufPath: string | undefined,
+  protobufMessageName: string | undefined,
+  format: FormatType | undefined,
+): Buffer | string => {
+  /*
+   * Pipeline for processing outgoing messages in two potential stages:
+   * 1. Format Conversion --> Applied if a format is specified, transforming the message into that format; if absent, the message retains its initial state.
+   * 2. Protobuf Serialization --> Engaged if both protobuf path and message name are present, encapsulating the message into a protobuf format; without these settings, the message circulates unchanged.
+   */
+  const pipeline = [
+    (msg: string | Buffer) => (format ? convertPayload(Buffer.from(msg.toString()), format, 'encode') : msg),
+    (msg: string | Buffer) =>
+      protobufPath && protobufMessageName
+        ? serializeProtobufToBuffer(msg.toString(), protobufPath, protobufMessageName)
+        : msg,
+  ]
+
+  return pipeline.reduce((msg, transformer) => transformer(msg), message) as Buffer
+}
 
 const send = (
   config: boolean | string | undefined,
@@ -29,8 +52,8 @@ const send = (
     basicLog.connected()
     const { topic, message, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format } = pubOpts
     basicLog.publishing()
-    let bufferMessage = serializeProtobufToBuffer(message, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
-    client.publish(topic, bufferMessage, pubOpts.opts, (err) => {
+    const publishMessage = processPublishMessage(message, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
+    client.publish(topic, publishMessage, pubOpts.opts, (err) => {
       if (err) {
         signale.warn(err)
       } else {
@@ -74,9 +97,8 @@ const multisend = (
   })
   sender._write = (line, _enc, cb) => {
     const { topic, opts, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format } = pubOpts
-
-    let bufferMessage = serializeProtobufToBuffer(line.trim(), protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
-    client.publish(topic, bufferMessage, opts, cb)
+    const publishMessage = processPublishMessage(line.trim(), protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
+    client.publish(topic, publishMessage, opts, cb)
   }
 
   client.on('connect', () => {
diff --git a/cli/src/lib/sub.ts b/cli/src/lib/sub.ts
index ce41572d9..8ee8250d5 100644
--- a/cli/src/lib/sub.ts
+++ b/cli/src/lib/sub.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,35 @@ import convertPayload from '../utils/convertPayload'
 import { saveConfig, loadConfig } from '../utils/config'
 import { deserializeBufferToProtobuf } from '../utils/protobuf'
 
+const processReceivedMessage = (
+  payload: Buffer,
+  protobufPath: string | undefined,
+  protobufMessageName: string | undefined,
+  format: FormatType | undefined,
+): string => {
+  let message: string | Buffer = payload
+  /*
+   * Pipeline for processing incoming messages, following two potential steps:
+   * 1. Protobuf Deserialization --> Utilized if both protobuf path and message name are defined, otherwise message passes as is.
+   * 2. Format Conversion --> Engaged if a format is defined, converting the message accordingly; if not defined, message passes unchanged.
+   */
+  const pipeline = [
+    (msg: Buffer) =>
+      protobufPath && protobufMessageName
+        ? deserializeBufferToProtobuf(msg, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
+        : msg,
+    (msg: Buffer) => (format ? convertPayload(msg, format, 'decode') : msg),
+  ]
+
+  message = pipeline.reduce((msg, transformer) => transformer(msg), message)
+
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(message)) {
+    message = message.toString('utf-8')
+  }
+
+  return message
+}
+
 const sub = (options: SubscribeOptions) => {
   const { save, config } = options
 
@@ -66,12 +95,8 @@ const sub = (options: SubscribeOptions) => {
 
     options.verbose && msgData.push({ label: 'topic', value: topic })
 
-    let payloadMessage = deserializeBufferToProtobuf(payload, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
-    if (payloadMessage) {
-      msgData.push({ label: 'payload', value: format ? convertPayload(payloadMessage, format) : payloadMessage })
-    } else {
-      msgData.push({ label: 'payload', value: convertPayload(payload, format) })
-    }
+    let receivedMessage = processReceivedMessage(payload, protobufPath, protobufMessageName, format)
+    msgData.push({ label: 'payload', value: receivedMessage })
 
     packet.retain && msgData.push({ label: 'retain', value: packet.retain })
 
@@ -91,7 +116,7 @@ const sub = (options: SubscribeOptions) => {
 
     !outputModeClean
       ? msgLog(msgData)
-      : console.log(JSON.stringify({ topic, payload: convertPayload(payload, format), packet }, null, 2))
+      : console.log(JSON.stringify({ topic, payload: convertPayload(payload, format, 'decode'), packet }, null, 2))
   })
 
   client.on('error', (err) => {
diff --git a/cli/src/utils/convertPayload.ts b/cli/src/utils/convertPayload.ts
index 7abe4d0cc..f1846818a 100644
--- a/cli/src/utils/convertPayload.ts
+++ b/cli/src/utils/convertPayload.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,36 @@
 import chalk from 'chalk'
 
-const convertJSON = (value: Buffer) => {
+const convertJSON = (value: Buffer | string, action: 'encode' | 'decode') => {
   try {
-    return JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(value.toString()), null, 2)
+    if (action === 'decode') {
+      return JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(value.toString()), null, 2)
+    } else {
+      return Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(value.toString())))
+    }
   } catch (err) {
     return chalk.red(err)
   }
 }
 
-const convertPayload = (payload: Buffer, to?: FormatType) => {
-  switch (to) {
-    case 'base64':
-      return payload.toString('base64')
-    case 'json':
-      return convertJSON(payload)
-    case 'hex':
-      return payload.toString('hex').replace(/(.{4})/g, '$1 ')
-    default:
-      return payload.toString('utf-8')
+const convertPayload = (payload: Buffer | string, format?: FormatType, action: 'encode' | 'decode' = 'decode') => {
+  const actions = {
+    encode: {
+      base64: () => Buffer.from(payload.toString(), 'base64'),
+      json: () => convertJSON(payload, 'encode'),
+      hex: () => Buffer.from(payload.toString().replace(/\s+/g, ''), 'hex'),
+      default: () => Buffer.from(payload.toString(), 'utf-8'),
+    },
+    decode: {
+      base64: () => payload.toString('base64'),
+      json: () => convertJSON(payload, 'decode'),
+      hex: () => payload.toString('hex').replace(/(.{4})/g, '$1 '),
+      default: () => payload.toString('utf-8'),
+    },
   }
+  const actionSet = actions[action]
+  const runAction = actionSet[format || 'default']
+
+  return runAction ? runAction() : payload
 }
 
 export default convertPayload
diff --git a/cli/src/utils/protobuf.ts b/cli/src/utils/protobuf.ts
index 059cfa827..7157fd433 100644
--- a/cli/src/utils/protobuf.ts
+++ b/cli/src/utils/protobuf.ts
@@ -2,78 +2,53 @@ import protobuf from 'protobufjs'
 import signale from './signale'
 import { transformPBJSError } from './protobufErrors'
 
-const convertObject = (raw: string | Buffer, format?: FormatType | undefined) => {
-  switch (format) {
-    case 'base64':
-      return Buffer.from(raw.toString('utf-8'), 'base64').toString('utf-8')
-    case 'hex':
-      return Buffer.from(raw.toString('utf-8').replaceAll(' ', ''), 'hex').toString('utf-8')
-    case 'json':
-      return JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(raw.toString('utf-8')), null, 2)
-    default:
-      return raw.toString('utf-8')
-  }
-}
-
 export const serializeProtobufToBuffer = (
   raw: string | Buffer,
-  protobufPath: string | undefined,
-  protobufMessageName: string | undefined,
-  format?: FormatType | undefined,
+  protobufPath: string,
+  protobufMessageName: string,
 ): Buffer => {
-  let rawData
-  try {
-    rawData = convertObject(raw, format)
-  } catch (error: unknown) {
-    signale.error(`Message format type error : ${(error as Error).message.split('\n')[0]}`)
-    process.exit(1)
-  }
-
+  let rawData = raw.toString('utf-8')
   let bufferMessage = Buffer.from(rawData)
-  if (protobufPath && protobufMessageName) {
-    try {
-      const root = protobuf.loadSync(protobufPath)
-      const Message = root.lookupType(protobufMessageName)
-      const err = Message.verify(JSON.parse(rawData))
-      if (err) {
-        signale.error(`Message serialization error: ${err}`)
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-      const data = Message.create(JSON.parse(rawData))
-      const serializedMessage = Message.encode(data).finish()
-      bufferMessage = Buffer.from(serializedMessage)
-    } catch (error: unknown) {
-      signale.error(`Message serialization error: ${(error as Error).message.split('\n')[0]}`)
+  try {
+    const root = protobuf.loadSync(protobufPath)
+    const Message = root.lookupType(protobufMessageName)
+    const err = Message.verify(JSON.parse(rawData))
+    if (err) {
+      signale.error(`Message serialization error: ${err}`)
       process.exit(1)
     }
+    const data = Message.create(JSON.parse(rawData))
+    const serializedMessage = Message.encode(data).finish()
+    bufferMessage = Buffer.from(serializedMessage)
+  } catch (error: unknown) {
+    signale.error(`Message serialization error: ${(error as Error).message.split('\n')[0]}`)
+    process.exit(1)
   }
   return bufferMessage
 }
 
 export const deserializeBufferToProtobuf = (
   payload: Buffer,
-  protobufPath: string | undefined,
-  protobufMessageName: string | undefined,
-  to?: FormatType,
+  protobufPath: string,
+  protobufMessageName: string,
+  needFormat: FormatType | undefined,
 ): any => {
-  if (protobufPath && protobufMessageName) {
-    try {
-      const root = protobuf.loadSync(protobufPath)
-      const Message = root.lookupType(protobufMessageName)
-      const MessageData = Message.decode(payload)
-      const err = Message.verify(MessageData)
-      if (err) {
-        signale.error(`Message deserialization error: ${err}`)
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-      if (to) {
-        return Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(MessageData.toJSON()))
-      }
-      return MessageData
-    } catch (error: unknown) {
-      let err = transformPBJSError(error as Error)
-      signale.error(err.message.split('\n')[0])
+  try {
+    const root = protobuf.loadSync(protobufPath)
+    const Message = root.lookupType(protobufMessageName)
+    const MessageData = Message.decode(payload)
+    const err = Message.verify(MessageData)
+    if (err) {
+      signale.error(`Message deserialization error: ${err}`)
       process.exit(1)
     }
+    if (needFormat) {
+      return Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(MessageData.toJSON()))
+    }
+    return MessageData
+  } catch (error: unknown) {
+    let err = transformPBJSError(error as Error)
+    signale.error(err.message.split('\n')[0])
+    process.exit(1)
   }
 }