Replay protection via high-order bits of nonce

[vbuterin]

Specification.

Let CHAIN_ID = 18 for mainnet, 28 for testnet.

If block.number >= FORK_BLKNUM, then:

• For a transaction to be valid, it must be the case that nonce // 2**64 is equal to either 0 or CHAIN_ID.
• The nonce of the transaction for verification purposes is now nonce % 2**64. That is, for the transaction to be valid, it must be the case that account.nonce == tx.nonce % 2**64, and after the transaction is processed we set account.nonce == (tx.nonce % 2**64) + 1.

[Nashatyrev]

@vbuterin Why do we need another replay protection together with #155 ?

[github-actions]

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[github-actions]

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