fix: show stack traces on async assert errors

[SimenB]

Summary

While jest-circus worked just like it should (🎉), jest-jasmine only checked for node assert on thrown errors, not rejected ones (from async errors).

Not sure about the best way to fix the test assertion for Circus. Failure looks like this:

Fixes #6752

Test plan

Test added

[SimenB]

If the plan is to ditch jest-jasmine, I say leave it and just close this PR. If the plan is to keep jest-jasmine around for some time, we should fix this 🙂

[thymikee]

Small change, so why not fixing that :)

[SimenB]

Took a look, it differed because of a double-wrapping in new Error. Fixed now, will merge if CI agrees

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #6821 into master will decrease coverage by 3.47%.
The diff coverage is 0%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #6821      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   66.89%   63.41%   -3.48%     
==========================================
  Files         251      235      -16     
  Lines       10488     9116    -1372     
  Branches        4        4              
==========================================
- Hits         7016     5781    -1235     
+ Misses       3471     3334     -137     
  Partials        1        1

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/jest-jasmine2/src/jasmine/Env.js	0% <0%> (ø)	⬆️
packages/jest-circus/src/index.js	57.69% <0%> (-8.98%)	⬇️
packages/jest-haste-map/src/haste_fs.js	52% <0%> (-6.63%)	⬇️
packages/jest-changed-files/src/hg.js	28.57% <0%> (-6.43%)	⬇️
packages/jest-cli/src/TestScheduler.js	38.34% <0%> (-5.93%)	⬇️
packages/jest-changed-files/src/git.js	94.59% <0%> (-5.41%)	⬇️
packages/jest-resolve-dependencies/src/index.js	97.61% <0%> (-2.39%)	⬇️
packages/jest-mock/src/index.js	87.5% <0%> (-0.78%)	⬇️
packages/jest-haste-map/src/module_map.js	87.5% <0%> (-0.74%)	⬇️
packages/jest-editor-support/src/Snapshot.js	89.09% <0%> (-0.39%)	⬇️
... and 70 more

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[github-actions]

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