diff --git a/scripts/babel/__tests__/transform-test-gate-pragma-test.js b/scripts/babel/__tests__/transform-test-gate-pragma-test.js
index 1970ab4c1c2c2..e4b76dd05e859 100644
--- a/scripts/babel/__tests__/transform-test-gate-pragma-test.js
+++ b/scripts/babel/__tests__/transform-test-gate-pragma-test.js
@@ -203,6 +203,15 @@ describe('transform test-gate-pragma: actual runtime', () => {
     console.error('Stop that!');
     throw Error('I told you to stop!');
   });
+
+  // @gate false
+  test('a global error event is treated as a test failure', () => {
+    dispatchEvent(
+      new ErrorEvent('error', {
+        error: new Error('Oops!'),
+      })
+    );
+  });
 });
 
 describe('dynamic gate method', () => {
diff --git a/scripts/jest/setupTests.js b/scripts/jest/setupTests.js
index 0d23861568fe4..14864264c9092 100644
--- a/scripts/jest/setupTests.js
+++ b/scripts/jest/setupTests.js
@@ -241,13 +241,30 @@ if (process.env.REACT_CLASS_EQUIVALENCE_TEST) {
     global.Error = ErrorProxy;
   }
 
-  const expectTestToFail = async (callback, error) => {
+  const expectTestToFail = async (callback, errorToThrowIfTestSucceeds) => {
     if (callback.length > 0) {
       throw Error(
         'Gated test helpers do not support the `done` callback. Return a ' +
           'promise instead.'
       );
     }
+
+    // Install a global error event handler. We treat global error events as
+    // test failures, same as Jest's default behavior.
+    //
+    // Becaused we installed our own error event handler, Jest will not report a
+    // test failure. Conceptually it's as if we wrapped the entire test event in
+    // a try-catch.
+    let didError = false;
+    const errorEventHandler = () => {
+      didError = true;
+    };
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals
+    if (typeof addEventListener === 'function') {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals
+      addEventListener('error', errorEventHandler);
+    }
+
     try {
       const maybePromise = callback();
       if (
@@ -262,11 +279,20 @@ if (process.env.REACT_CLASS_EQUIVALENCE_TEST) {
       // throws, we won't have captured it.
       flushAllUnexpectedConsoleCalls();
     } catch (testError) {
-      // Failed as expected
-      resetAllUnexpectedConsoleCalls();
-      return;
+      didError = true;
+    }
+    resetAllUnexpectedConsoleCalls();
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals
+    if (typeof removeEventListener === 'function') {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals
+      removeEventListener('error', errorEventHandler);
+    }
+
+    if (!didError) {
+      // The test did not error like we expected it to. Report this to Jest as
+      // a failure.
+      throw errorToThrowIfTestSucceeds;
     }
-    throw error;
   };
 
   const gatedErrorMessage = 'Gated test was expected to fail, but it passed.';