diff --git a/packages/react-relay/__tests__/RelayResolverModel-test.js b/packages/react-relay/__tests__/RelayResolverModel-test.js
index 2d7a70e77fa3d..cc0c128fdc1c8 100644
--- a/packages/react-relay/__tests__/RelayResolverModel-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-relay/__tests__/RelayResolverModel-test.js
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ const {
   completeTodo,
   resetStore,
 } = require('relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/ExampleTodoStore');
+const {
+  chargeBattery,
+  resetModels,
+  setIsHuman,
+} = require('relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/MutableModel');
 const LiveResolverStore = require('relay-runtime/store/experimental-live-resolvers/LiveResolverStore.js');
 const RelayModernEnvironment = require('relay-runtime/store/RelayModernEnvironment');
 const RelayRecordSource = require('relay-runtime/store/RelayRecordSource');
@@ -494,4 +499,53 @@ describe.each([
       },
     });
   });
+
+  test('should not mutate complex resolver values', () => {
+    resetModels();
+    // Do not deep freeze
+    jest.mock('relay-runtime/util/deepFreeze');
+
+    TestRenderer.act(() => {
+      setIsHuman(true);
+    });
+    function GetMutableEntity() {
+      const data = useClientQuery(
+        graphql`
+          query RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery {
+            mutable_entity
+          }
+        `,
+        {},
+      );
+      if (data.mutable_entity == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return `${data.mutable_entity.type}:${data.mutable_entity.props.battery}`;
+    }
+
+    const renderer = TestRenderer.create(
+      <EnvironmentWrapper environment={environment}>
+        <GetMutableEntity />
+      </EnvironmentWrapper>,
+    );
+    expect(renderer.toJSON()).toEqual('human:0');
+
+    TestRenderer.act(() => {
+      setIsHuman(false);
+      jest.runAllImmediates();
+    });
+    expect(renderer.toJSON()).toEqual('robot:0');
+
+    TestRenderer.act(() => {
+      chargeBattery();
+      setIsHuman(true);
+      jest.runAllImmediates();
+    });
+    // TODO: Should be 0. Relay should not mutate the value here.
+    expect(renderer.toJSON()).toEqual('human:100');
+
+    TestRenderer.act(() => {
+      renderer.unmount();
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/react-relay/__tests__/__generated__/RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery.graphql.js b/packages/react-relay/__tests__/__generated__/RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery.graphql.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..df5db6c912ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react-relay/__tests__/__generated__/RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery.graphql.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @oncall relay
+ *
+ * @generated SignedSource<<66d0b3cabdba7cc580b3e2e2169ef5d8>>
+ * @flow
+ * @lightSyntaxTransform
+ * @nogrep
+ */
+
+/* eslint-disable */
+
+'use strict';
+
+/*::
+import type { ClientRequest, ClientQuery } from 'relay-runtime';
+import type { LiveState } from "relay-runtime/store/experimental-live-resolvers/LiveResolverStore";
+import {mutable_entity as queryMutableEntityResolverType} from "../../../relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/MutableModel.js";
+// Type assertion validating that `queryMutableEntityResolverType` resolver is correctly implemented.
+// A type error here indicates that the type signature of the resolver module is incorrect.
+(queryMutableEntityResolverType: () => LiveState<?mixed>);
+export type RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery$variables = {||};
+export type RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery$data = {|
+  +mutable_entity: ?ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof queryMutableEntityResolverType>["read"]>,
+|};
+export type RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery = {|
+  response: RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery$data,
+  variables: RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery$variables,
+|};
+*/
+
+var node/*: ClientRequest*/ = {
+  "fragment": {
+    "argumentDefinitions": [],
+    "kind": "Fragment",
+    "metadata": null,
+    "name": "RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery",
+    "selections": [
+      {
+        "kind": "ClientExtension",
+        "selections": [
+          {
+            "alias": null,
+            "args": null,
+            "fragment": null,
+            "kind": "RelayLiveResolver",
+            "name": "mutable_entity",
+            "resolverModule": require('./../../../relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/MutableModel').mutable_entity,
+            "path": "mutable_entity"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "type": "Query",
+    "abstractKey": null
+  },
+  "kind": "Request",
+  "operation": {
+    "argumentDefinitions": [],
+    "kind": "Operation",
+    "name": "RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery",
+    "selections": [
+      {
+        "kind": "ClientExtension",
+        "selections": [
+          {
+            "name": "mutable_entity",
+            "args": null,
+            "fragment": null,
+            "kind": "RelayResolver",
+            "storageKey": null,
+            "isOutputType": true
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "params": {
+    "cacheID": "aa33fbf58d2c2c1640de7da7280d2f2e",
+    "id": null,
+    "metadata": {},
+    "name": "RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery",
+    "operationKind": "query",
+    "text": null
+  }
+};
+
+if (__DEV__) {
+  (node/*: any*/).hash = "bd6186904ff5b69591c6929ee7f72aa4";
+}
+
+module.exports = ((node/*: any*/)/*: ClientQuery<
+  RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery$variables,
+  RelayResolverModelTestGetMutableEntityQuery$data,
+>*/);
diff --git a/packages/relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/MutableModel.js b/packages/relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/MutableModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0b8f74868ae4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/relay-runtime/store/__tests__/resolvers/MutableModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @flow strict-local
+ * @format
+ * @oncall relay
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+import type {LiveState} from '../../experimental-live-resolvers/LiveResolverStore';
+
+type Entity = {
+  name: string,
+  type: string,
+  props: {
+    battery: string,
+  },
+};
+
+let HUMAN: Entity = {
+  name: 'Alice',
+  type: 'human',
+  props: {
+    battery: '0',
+  },
+};
+
+let ROBOT: Entity = {
+  name: 'Bob',
+  type: 'robot',
+  props: {
+    battery: '0',
+  },
+};
+
+const subscriptions: Array<() => void> = [];
+let isHuman: boolean = true;
+/**
+ * @RelayResolver Query.mutable_entity: RelayResolverValue
+ * @live
+
+ */
+function mutable_entity(): LiveState<Entity> {
+  return {
+    read() {
+      return isHuman ? HUMAN : ROBOT;
+    },
+    subscribe(cb) {
+      subscriptions.push(cb);
+      return () => {
+        subscriptions.filter(x => x !== cb);
+      };
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function setIsHuman(val: boolean): void {
+  isHuman = val;
+  subscriptions.forEach(x => x());
+}
+
+function chargeBattery(): void {
+  ROBOT.props.battery = '100';
+  subscriptions.forEach(x => x());
+}
+
+function resetModels(): void {
+  HUMAN = {
+    name: 'Alice',
+    type: 'human',
+    props: {
+      battery: '0',
+    },
+  };
+  ROBOT = {
+    name: 'Bob',
+    type: 'robot',
+    props: {
+      battery: '0',
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  mutable_entity,
+  setIsHuman,
+  chargeBattery,
+  resetModels,
+};