Class 8.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e2da0266",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Class 8:  Control Blocks, While and For loop revision ...."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b543cd39",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Control block: \n",
    "* if \n",
    "    *else\n",
    "    *elif\n",
    "    *finally\n",
    "* while\n",
    "    *break\n",
    "    *continue\n",
    "    *pass\n",
    "* for \n",
    "    *break\n",
    "    *continue\n",
    "    *pass\n",
    "* try \n",
    "    *except\n",
    "    *finally\n",
    "    \n",
    "* class \n",
    "* def \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6f0f52cd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* while\n",
    "    *break\n",
    "    *continue\n",
    "    *pass\n",
    "```\n",
    "while logic:\n",
    "    statements\n",
    "    increment\\decrement    \n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "409062b1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Pakistan is my beloved country!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if True:\n",
    "    print(\"Pakistan is my beloved country!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "59c35747",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if False:\n",
    "    print(\"pakistan is going through hard times!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "7addb050",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "while True:\n",
    "    print(\"Python is the best!\")  # we will not run this code because it will create an infinite loop!\n",
    "    \n",
    "# NOTE the following rules for while loop."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "9394112c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "* while \n",
    "    *Logic\n",
    "    *Flag = counter\n",
    "    *increment\\decrement\n",
    "#let's try an example of while loop for revision:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "5ec6f6d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n",
      "Python is the best programming language!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = 0  # flag \n",
    "\n",
    "while f<=10:   # logic \n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(\"Python is the best programming language!\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "    f+=1   # increment\\ decrement"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "eef31a4c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is the best programming language! 0\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 1\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 2\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 3\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 4\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 5\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 6\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 7\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 8\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 9\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# if you want to print the number of loop also, just write the variable in the statement section!\n",
    "f = 0\n",
    "while f<=10:\n",
    "    print(\"Python is the best programming language!\", f)\n",
    "    f+=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2b4f53b3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# use of break statement!\n",
    "\n",
    "### break will take the control out of the loop when the specific condition is met...."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "8929e25c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is the best programming language! 0\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 1\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 2\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 3\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 4\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 5\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = 0\n",
    "while f<=10:\n",
    "    if f == 7:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(\"Python is the best programming language!\", f)\n",
    "    f+=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8e8bba7e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Changing the position of the statements can change your logic easily!!!!\n",
    "### like:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "dc88c6c7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is the best programming language! 0\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 1\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 2\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 3\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 4\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 5\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 6\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# this time the statement will be printed first and then the logic of if block will be checked!\n",
    "f = 0\n",
    "while f<=10:\n",
    "    print(\"Python is the best programming language!\", f)\n",
    "    if f == 7:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "   \n",
    "    f+=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "d9c8857d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is the best programming language! 1\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 2\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 3\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 4\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 5\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 6\n",
      "Python is the best programming language! 7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# this time the logic will start with the increment opreator and then the statements will be printed!\n",
    "\n",
    "f = 0\n",
    "while f<=10:\n",
    "    f+=1\n",
    "    print(\"Python is the best programming language!\", f)\n",
    "    if f == 7:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "   \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d7c8a59c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## we can print out things in reverse counting as well just by changing values and relational operators "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "c6334581",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "AI is the future!!! 100\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 99\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 98\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 97\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 96\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 95\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 94\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 93\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 92\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 91\n",
      "AI is the future!!! 90\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "i = 100\n",
    "while i >=90:\n",
    "    print(\"AI is the future!!!\", i)\n",
    "    i-=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "00c63ac9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "Lets see the use of Iterations with "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "26e007ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "A\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a =  (chr(65))\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "f0b530c4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Z\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = (chr(90))\n",
    "print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "4bf97865",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A',\n",
       " 'B',\n",
       " 'C',\n",
       " 'D',\n",
       " 'E',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'G',\n",
       " 'H',\n",
       " 'I',\n",
       " 'J',\n",
       " 'K',\n",
       " 'L',\n",
       " 'M',\n",
       " 'N',\n",
       " 'O',\n",
       " 'P',\n",
       " 'Q',\n",
       " 'R',\n",
       " 'S',\n",
       " 'T',\n",
       " 'U',\n",
       " 'V',\n",
       " 'W',\n",
       " 'X',\n",
       " 'Y',\n",
       " 'Z']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users = [chr(i) for i in range(65,91)]\n",
    "users"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "42b319ac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "A\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(chr(65))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "a30a607b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "65 A\n",
      "66 B\n",
      "67 C\n",
      "68 D\n",
      "69 E\n",
      "70 F\n",
      "71 G\n",
      "72 H\n",
      "73 I\n",
      "74 J\n",
      "75 K\n",
      "76 L\n",
      "77 M\n",
      "78 N\n",
      "79 O\n",
      "80 P\n",
      "81 Q\n",
      "82 R\n",
      "83 S\n",
      "84 T\n",
      "85 U\n",
      "86 V\n",
      "87 W\n",
      "88 X\n",
      "89 Y\n",
      "90 Z\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "code = 65\n",
    "while code<=90:\n",
    "    print(code, chr(code))\n",
    "    code +=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "77a3ed21",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# ASCI CODE LIST"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e0590f9b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "https://datasagar.com/everything-about-ascii-in-c/\n",
    "    \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "b31ef62e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter user alphabet: F\n",
      "A 0\n",
      "B 1\n",
      "C 2\n",
      "D 3\n",
      "E 4\n",
      "F 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users = ['A','B', 'C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']\n",
    "search_user = input (\"Enter user alphabet: \")\n",
    "count = 0\n",
    "while count < len(users) :\n",
    "    print(users[count],count)  \n",
    "    \n",
    "    if search_user == users[count]:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    count+=1\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "ab6e3e3e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter user alphabet: Z\n",
      "A 0\n",
      "B 1\n",
      "C 2\n",
      "D 3\n",
      "E 4\n",
      "F 5\n",
      "G 6\n",
      "H 7\n",
      "I 8\n",
      "J 9\n",
      "K 10\n",
      "L 11\n",
      "M 12\n",
      "N 13\n",
      "O 14\n",
      "P 15\n",
      "Q 16\n",
      "R 17\n",
      "S 18\n",
      "T 19\n",
      "U 20\n",
      "V 21\n",
      "W 22\n",
      "X 23\n",
      "Y 24\n",
      "Z 25\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users = ['A','B', 'C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']\n",
    "search_user = input (\"Enter user alphabet: \")\n",
    "count = 0\n",
    "while count < len(users) :\n",
    "    print(users[count],count)  \n",
    "    \n",
    "    if search_user == users[count]:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    count+=1\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5d6fcbab",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# to exit the user on a specific condition:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "e1e70f47",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! Faizan\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! Yousaf\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! Muhammad Faizan\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! hamza\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! x\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "names = []\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    name = input (\"Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! \")\n",
    "    if name == \"X\" or name == \"x\":\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    names.append(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "3f62bd92",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! fazu\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! fauz\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! fazi\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! yousaf\n",
      "Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! X\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "names = []\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    name = input (\"Enter name | Enter 'X' for exit! \")\n",
    "    if name == \"X\" or name == \"x\":\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    names.append(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5c4cbdd6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Search user using for loop:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "1207aec7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter user : F\n",
      "A\n",
      "B\n",
      "C\n",
      "D\n",
      "E\n",
      "F\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users = ['A','B', 'C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']\n",
    "scrh_user = input (\"Enter user : \")\n",
    "for u in users:\n",
    "    print(u)\n",
    "    if u == scrh_user:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "     "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "0966036e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter user : F\n",
      "F\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "users = ['A','B', 'C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']\n",
    "scrh_user = input (\"Enter user : \")\n",
    "for u in users:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if u == scrh_user:\n",
    "        print(u)\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "95d67bc3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# search user using while loop:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "52bcb8cf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "users = ['A','B', 'C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']\n",
    "search_user = input (\"Enter user alphabet: \")\n",
    "count = 0\n",
    "while count < len(users) :\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if search_user == users[count]:\n",
    "        print(users[count],count)  \n",
    "        break\n",
    "    count+=1\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e00d198e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Iterated data types are:  list , tuple , dictionary , strings, and any sequencial data type in for loop:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "7e46322f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "P\n",
      "a\n",
      "k\n",
      "i\n",
      "s\n",
      "t\n",
      "a\n",
      "n\n",
      " \n",
      "z\n",
      "i\n",
      "d\n",
      "a\n",
      "b\n",
      "a\n",
      "d\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = (\"Pakistan zidabad\")\n",
    "for c in a:\n",
    "    print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "4792f34d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "id\n",
      "name\n",
      "degree\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# if we print i(counter) on a dictionary, it will only print the keys!\n",
    "b = {\"id\": 1,\n",
    "    \"name\": \"fazi\",\n",
    "    \"degree\" : \"BS CS\"}\n",
    "for i in b:\n",
    "    print(i)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "a37d671b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "id\n",
      "name\n",
      "degree\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# to print the keys we can use .key function of dictionary:\n",
    "b = {\"id\": 1,\n",
    "    \"name\": \"fazi\",\n",
    "    \"degree\" : \"BS CS\"}\n",
    "for k in b.keys():\n",
    "    print(k)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "54436c4d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "fazi\n",
      "BS CS\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# to print the values we can use .values function of dictionary:\n",
    "b = {\"id\": 1,\n",
    "    \"name\": \"fazi\",\n",
    "    \"degree\" : \"BS CS\"}\n",
    "for v in b.values():\n",
    "    print(v)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "bbe3abe1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('id', 1)\n",
      "('name', 'fazi')\n",
      "('degree', 'BS CS')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# to print the both keys and values, we can use .items function of dictionary:\n",
    "# it will return the values in tuple\n",
    "\n",
    "b = {\"id\": 1,\n",
    "    \"name\": \"fazi\",\n",
    "    \"degree\" : \"BS CS\"}\n",
    "for i in b.items():\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "a132a07c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "id 1\n",
      "name fazi\n",
      "degree BS CS\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# to print the both keys and values, we can use .items function of dictionary and print them in seperate variables:\n",
    "# it will return simple strings\n",
    "\n",
    "b = {\"id\": 1,\n",
    "    \"name\": \"fazi\",\n",
    "    \"degree\" : \"BS CS\"}\n",
    "for k,v in b.items():\n",
    "    print(k,v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "2a684241",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range ( 1,11):\n",
    "    print(i)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "27c49756",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## List comprehensive style:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "c112a0d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i for i in range (1,11)]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "642f9dee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[i*i for i in range (1,11)]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "60365bd0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## In this way we can make list , tuple, dictionary comprehensive style:\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "d0d27b72",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81, 10: 100}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# dictionary:\n",
    "{i: i*i for i in range ( 1,11)}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "05cb0e63",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{65: 'A',\n",
       " 66: 'B',\n",
       " 67: 'C',\n",
       " 68: 'D',\n",
       " 69: 'E',\n",
       " 70: 'F',\n",
       " 71: 'G',\n",
       " 72: 'H',\n",
       " 73: 'I',\n",
       " 74: 'J',\n",
       " 75: 'K',\n",
       " 76: 'L',\n",
       " 77: 'M',\n",
       " 78: 'N',\n",
       " 79: 'O',\n",
       " 80: 'P',\n",
       " 81: 'Q',\n",
       " 82: 'R',\n",
       " 83: 'S',\n",
       " 84: 'T',\n",
       " 85: 'U',\n",
       " 86: 'V',\n",
       " 87: 'W',\n",
       " 88: 'X',\n",
       " 89: 'Y',\n",
       " 90: 'Z'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{code: chr(code) for code in range(65,91)}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "d769281d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{97: 'a',\n",
       " 98: 'b',\n",
       " 99: 'c',\n",
       " 100: 'd',\n",
       " 101: 'e',\n",
       " 102: 'f',\n",
       " 103: 'g',\n",
       " 104: 'h',\n",
       " 105: 'i',\n",
       " 106: 'j',\n",
       " 107: 'k',\n",
       " 108: 'l',\n",
       " 109: 'm',\n",
       " 110: 'n',\n",
       " 111: 'o',\n",
       " 112: 'p',\n",
       " 113: 'q',\n",
       " 114: 'r',\n",
       " 115: 's',\n",
       " 116: 't',\n",
       " 117: 'u',\n",
       " 118: 'v',\n",
       " 119: 'w',\n",
       " 120: 'x',\n",
       " 121: 'y'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{code: chr(code) for code in range(97,122)}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "0647e912",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "list[<generator object <genexpr> at 0x000001E1D5C8B660>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#list \n",
    "list[(i*i for i in range ( 1,11))]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "809c0e01",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# ASCII CODE LIST:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "id": "e75a060d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1: '\\x01',\n",
       " 2: '\\x02',\n",
       " 3: '\\x03',\n",
       " 4: '\\x04',\n",
       " 5: '\\x05',\n",
       " 6: '\\x06',\n",
       " 7: '\\x07',\n",
       " 8: '\\x08',\n",
       " 9: '\\t',\n",
       " 10: '\\n',\n",
       " 11: '\\x0b',\n",
       " 12: '\\x0c',\n",
       " 13: '\\r',\n",
       " 14: '\\x0e',\n",
       " 15: '\\x0f',\n",
       " 16: '\\x10',\n",
       " 17: '\\x11',\n",
       " 18: '\\x12',\n",
       " 19: '\\x13',\n",
       " 20: '\\x14',\n",
       " 21: '\\x15',\n",
       " 22: '\\x16',\n",
       " 23: '\\x17',\n",
       " 24: '\\x18',\n",
       " 25: '\\x19',\n",
       " 26: '\\x1a',\n",
       " 27: '\\x1b',\n",
       " 28: '\\x1c',\n",
       " 29: '\\x1d',\n",
       " 30: '\\x1e',\n",
       " 31: '\\x1f',\n",
       " 32: ' ',\n",
       " 33: '!',\n",
       " 34: '\"',\n",
       " 35: '#',\n",
       " 36: '$',\n",
       " 37: '%',\n",
       " 38: '&',\n",
       " 39: \"'\",\n",
       " 40: '(',\n",
       " 41: ')',\n",
       " 42: '*',\n",
       " 43: '+',\n",
       " 44: ',',\n",
       " 45: '-',\n",
       " 46: '.',\n",
       " 47: '/',\n",
       " 48: '0',\n",
       " 49: '1',\n",
       " 50: '2',\n",
       " 51: '3',\n",
       " 52: '4',\n",
       " 53: '5',\n",
       " 54: '6',\n",
       " 55: '7',\n",
       " 56: '8',\n",
       " 57: '9',\n",
       " 58: ':',\n",
       " 59: ';',\n",
       " 60: '<',\n",
       " 61: '=',\n",
       " 62: '>',\n",
       " 63: '?',\n",
       " 64: '@',\n",
       " 65: 'A',\n",
       " 66: 'B',\n",
       " 67: 'C',\n",
       " 68: 'D',\n",
       " 69: 'E',\n",
       " 70: 'F',\n",
       " 71: 'G',\n",
       " 72: 'H',\n",
       " 73: 'I',\n",
       " 74: 'J',\n",
       " 75: 'K',\n",
       " 76: 'L',\n",
       " 77: 'M',\n",
       " 78: 'N',\n",
       " 79: 'O',\n",
       " 80: 'P',\n",
       " 81: 'Q',\n",
       " 82: 'R',\n",
       " 83: 'S',\n",
       " 84: 'T',\n",
       " 85: 'U',\n",
       " 86: 'V',\n",
       " 87: 'W',\n",
       " 88: 'X',\n",
       " 89: 'Y',\n",
       " 90: 'Z',\n",
       " 91: '[',\n",
       " 92: '\\\\',\n",
       " 93: ']',\n",
       " 94: '^',\n",
       " 95: '_',\n",
       " 96: '`',\n",
       " 97: 'a',\n",
       " 98: 'b',\n",
       " 99: 'c',\n",
       " 100: 'd',\n",
       " 101: 'e',\n",
       " 102: 'f',\n",
       " 103: 'g',\n",
       " 104: 'h',\n",
       " 105: 'i',\n",
       " 106: 'j',\n",
       " 107: 'k',\n",
       " 108: 'l',\n",
       " 109: 'm',\n",
       " 110: 'n',\n",
       " 111: 'o',\n",
       " 112: 'p',\n",
       " 113: 'q',\n",
       " 114: 'r',\n",
       " 115: 's',\n",
       " 116: 't',\n",
       " 117: 'u',\n",
       " 118: 'v',\n",
       " 119: 'w',\n",
       " 120: 'x',\n",
       " 121: 'y',\n",
       " 122: 'z',\n",
       " 123: '{',\n",
       " 124: '|',\n",
       " 125: '}',\n",
       " 126: '~',\n",
       " 127: '\\x7f',\n",
       " 128: '\\x80',\n",
       " 129: '\\x81',\n",
       " 130: '\\x82',\n",
       " 131: '\\x83',\n",
       " 132: '\\x84',\n",
       " 133: '\\x85',\n",
       " 134: '\\x86',\n",
       " 135: '\\x87',\n",
       " 136: '\\x88',\n",
       " 137: '\\x89',\n",
       " 138: '\\x8a',\n",
       " 139: '\\x8b',\n",
       " 140: '\\x8c',\n",
       " 141: '\\x8d',\n",
       " 142: '\\x8e',\n",
       " 143: '\\x8f',\n",
       " 144: '\\x90',\n",
       " 145: '\\x91',\n",
       " 146: '\\x92',\n",
       " 147: '\\x93',\n",
       " 148: '\\x94',\n",
       " 149: '\\x95',\n",
       " 150: '\\x96',\n",
       " 151: '\\x97',\n",
       " 152: '\\x98',\n",
       " 153: '\\x99',\n",
       " 154: '\\x9a',\n",
       " 155: '\\x9b',\n",
       " 156: '\\x9c',\n",
       " 157: '\\x9d',\n",
       " 158: '\\x9e',\n",
       " 159: '\\x9f',\n",
       " 160: '\\xa0',\n",
       " 161: '¡',\n",
       " 162: '¢',\n",
       " 163: '£',\n",
       " 164: '¤',\n",
       " 165: '¥',\n",
       " 166: '¦',\n",
       " 167: '§',\n",
       " 168: '¨',\n",
       " 169: '©',\n",
       " 170: 'ª',\n",
       " 171: '«',\n",
       " 172: '¬',\n",
       " 173: '\\xad',\n",
       " 174: '®',\n",
       " 175: '¯',\n",
       " 176: '°',\n",
       " 177: '±',\n",
       " 178: '²',\n",
       " 179: '³',\n",
       " 180: '´',\n",
       " 181: 'µ',\n",
       " 182: '¶',\n",
       " 183: '·',\n",
       " 184: '¸',\n",
       " 185: '¹',\n",
       " 186: 'º',\n",
       " 187: '»',\n",
       " 188: '¼',\n",
       " 189: '½',\n",
       " 190: '¾',\n",
       " 191: '¿',\n",
       " 192: 'À',\n",
       " 193: 'Á',\n",
       " 194: 'Â',\n",
       " 195: 'Ã',\n",
       " 196: 'Ä',\n",
       " 197: 'Å',\n",
       " 198: 'Æ',\n",
       " 199: 'Ç',\n",
       " 200: 'È',\n",
       " 201: 'É',\n",
       " 202: 'Ê',\n",
       " 203: 'Ë',\n",
       " 204: 'Ì',\n",
       " 205: 'Í',\n",
       " 206: 'Î',\n",
       " 207: 'Ï',\n",
       " 208: 'Ð',\n",
       " 209: 'Ñ',\n",
       " 210: 'Ò',\n",
       " 211: 'Ó',\n",
       " 212: 'Ô',\n",
       " 213: 'Õ',\n",
       " 214: 'Ö',\n",
       " 215: '×',\n",
       " 216: 'Ø',\n",
       " 217: 'Ù',\n",
       " 218: 'Ú',\n",
       " 219: 'Û',\n",
       " 220: 'Ü',\n",
       " 221: 'Ý',\n",
       " 222: 'Þ',\n",
       " 223: 'ß',\n",
       " 224: 'à',\n",
       " 225: 'á'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{code: chr(code) for code in range(1,226)}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "03b55731",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " # Nested loop:\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "id": "4bf65a5b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\tA \n",
      "2\tA B \n",
      "3\tA B C \n",
      "4\tA B C D \n",
      "5\tA B C D E \n",
      "6\tA B C D E F \n",
      "7\tA B C D E F G \n",
      "8\tA B C D E F G H \n",
      "9\tA B C D E F G H I \n",
      "10\tA B C D E F G H I J \n",
      "11\tA B C D E F G H I J K \n",
      "12\tA B C D E F G H I J K L \n",
      "13\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M \n",
      "14\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N \n",
      "15\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O \n",
      "16\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P \n",
      "17\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q \n",
      "18\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R \n",
      "19\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S \n",
      "20\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T \n",
      "21\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U \n",
      "22\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V \n",
      "23\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W \n",
      "24\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X \n",
      "25\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y \n",
      "26\tA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# the row block:\n",
    "for row in range(1,27):\n",
    "    print(row,end=\"\\t\" ) \n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "# the column block:\n",
    "    for column in range(65,65+row):\n",
    "        print(chr(column), end = \" \")\n",
    "    print()\n",
    "       "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "id": "3b0483c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\ta \n",
      "2\ta b \n",
      "3\ta b c \n",
      "4\ta b c d \n",
      "5\ta b c d e \n",
      "6\ta b c d e f \n",
      "7\ta b c d e f g \n",
      "8\ta b c d e f g h \n",
      "9\ta b c d e f g h i \n",
      "10\ta b c d e f g h i j \n",
      "11\ta b c d e f g h i j k \n",
      "12\ta b c d e f g h i j k l \n",
      "13\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m \n",
      "14\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n \n",
      "15\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o \n",
      "16\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p \n",
      "17\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q \n",
      "18\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r \n",
      "19\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s \n",
      "20\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t \n",
      "21\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u \n",
      "22\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v \n",
      "23\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w \n",
      "24\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x \n",
      "25\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y \n",
      "26\ta b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# the row block:\n",
    "for row in range(1,27):\n",
    "    print(row,end=\"\\t\" ) \n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "# the column block:\n",
    "    for column in range(97,97+row):\n",
    "        print(chr(column), end = \" \")\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "21fad6a6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# now let's see the comprehensive style of \"Nested for loop\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "id": "8900abee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(1, 65),\n",
       " (2, 65),\n",
       " (2, 66),\n",
       " (3, 65),\n",
       " (3, 66),\n",
       " (3, 67),\n",
       " (4, 65),\n",
       " (4, 66),\n",
       " (4, 67),\n",
       " (4, 68),\n",
       " (5, 65),\n",
       " (5, 66),\n",
       " (5, 67),\n",
       " (5, 68),\n",
       " (5, 69),\n",
       " (6, 65),\n",
       " (6, 66),\n",
       " (6, 67),\n",
       " (6, 68),\n",
       " (6, 69),\n",
       " (6, 70),\n",
       " (7, 65),\n",
       " (7, 66),\n",
       " (7, 67),\n",
       " (7, 68),\n",
       " (7, 69),\n",
       " (7, 70),\n",
       " (7, 71),\n",
       " (8, 65),\n",
       " (8, 66),\n",
       " (8, 67),\n",
       " (8, 68),\n",
       " (8, 69),\n",
       " (8, 70),\n",
       " (8, 71),\n",
       " (8, 72),\n",
       " (9, 65),\n",
       " (9, 66),\n",
       " (9, 67),\n",
       " (9, 68),\n",
       " (9, 69),\n",
       " (9, 70),\n",
       " (9, 71),\n",
       " (9, 72),\n",
       " (9, 73),\n",
       " (10, 65),\n",
       " (10, 66),\n",
       " (10, 67),\n",
       " (10, 68),\n",
       " (10, 69),\n",
       " (10, 70),\n",
       " (10, 71),\n",
       " (10, 72),\n",
       " (10, 73),\n",
       " (10, 74),\n",
       " (11, 65),\n",
       " (11, 66),\n",
       " (11, 67),\n",
       " (11, 68),\n",
       " (11, 69),\n",
       " (11, 70),\n",
       " (11, 71),\n",
       " (11, 72),\n",
       " (11, 73),\n",
       " (11, 74),\n",
       " (11, 75),\n",
       " (12, 65),\n",
       " (12, 66),\n",
       " (12, 67),\n",
       " (12, 68),\n",
       " (12, 69),\n",
       " (12, 70),\n",
       " (12, 71),\n",
       " (12, 72),\n",
       " (12, 73),\n",
       " (12, 74),\n",
       " (12, 75),\n",
       " (12, 76),\n",
       " (13, 65),\n",
       " (13, 66),\n",
       " (13, 67),\n",
       " (13, 68),\n",
       " (13, 69),\n",
       " (13, 70),\n",
       " (13, 71),\n",
       " (13, 72),\n",
       " (13, 73),\n",
       " (13, 74),\n",
       " (13, 75),\n",
       " (13, 76),\n",
       " (13, 77),\n",
       " (14, 65),\n",
       " (14, 66),\n",
       " (14, 67),\n",
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       " (26, 88),\n",
       " (26, 89),\n",
       " (26, 90)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 80,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[(i,j) for i in range (1,27) for j in range (65,65+i)]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "id": "e328a752",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n",
      "\n",
      "20\n",
      "21\n",
      "24\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = [[1,2,3],\n",
    "       [4,5,6],\n",
    "       [7,8,9],\n",
    "       [20,21,24]]\n",
    "for row in data:\n",
    "    for column in row:\n",
    "        print(column)\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "id": "901f07f8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2 3 \n",
      "4 5 6 \n",
      "7 8 9 \n",
      "20 21 24 \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = [[1,2,3],\n",
    "       [4,5,6],\n",
    "       [7,8,9],\n",
    "       [20,21,24]]\n",
    "for row in data:\n",
    "    for column in row:\n",
    "        print(column, end = \" \")\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "64d13fe6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# countine "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "id": "11a052ec",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "e = 0\n",
    "while e<=10:\n",
    "    print(e)\n",
    "    e+=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "id": "bbfbba6f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 Pakistan\n",
      "2 Pakistan\n",
      "3 Pakistan\n",
      "4 Pakistan\n",
      "6 Pakistan\n",
      "7 Pakistan\n",
      "8 Pakistan\n",
      "9 Pakistan\n",
      "10 Pakistan\n",
      "11 Pakistan\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "e = 0\n",
    "while e<=10:\n",
    "    e+=1\n",
    "    if e == 5:\n",
    "        continue    #means skipping that specific number!\n",
    "    print(e,\"Pakistan\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "id": "4d33f24a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Pakistan!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if True:\n",
    "    print(\"Pakistan!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "id": "3f5dae69",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndentationError",
     "evalue": "expected an indented block (3132949053.py, line 2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  Input \u001b[1;32mIn [104]\u001b[1;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    \u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m    ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mIndentationError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m expected an indented block\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if True:\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "id": "a582b8bc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# pass is used when you don't want to face an error and want your program to run without error!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "id": "5bb65a37",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if True:\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "id": "47ba3a42",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "fazi\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# but if you write something after the pass, it will be printed successfully!\n",
    "\n",
    "if True:\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    print(\"fazi\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "id": "d37c1302",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(1,21):\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "105e0166",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# to check the memory management of python, use id() function:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "id": "4284514a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2069343005264\n",
      "2069343005264\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 10\n",
    "b = 10\n",
    "print(id(a))\n",
    "print(id(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2bee2770",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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