diff --git a/changelog.d/11398.feature b/changelog.d/11398.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a37c841a1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/11398.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Implement [MSC3383](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3383) for including the destination in server-to-server authentication headers. Contributed by @Bubu and @jcgruenhage for Famedly GmbH.
diff --git a/scripts-dev/federation_client.py b/scripts-dev/federation_client.py
index 6f76c08fcff2..230de8830ec3 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/federation_client.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/federation_client.py
@@ -105,7 +105,12 @@ def request(
     authorization_headers = []
 
     for key, sig in signed_json["signatures"][origin_name].items():
-        header = 'X-Matrix origin=%s,key="%s",sig="%s"' % (origin_name, key, sig)
+        header = 'X-Matrix origin=%s,key="%s",sig="%s",destination="%s"' % (
+            origin_name,
+            key,
+            sig,
+            destination,
+        )
         authorization_headers.append(header.encode("ascii"))
         print("Authorization: %s" % header, file=sys.stderr)
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server/_base.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server/_base.py
index cef65929c529..dcdefab0ed58 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server/_base.py
@@ -82,10 +82,15 @@ async def authenticate_request(self, request, content):
 
         for auth in auth_headers:
             if auth.startswith(b"X-Matrix"):
-                (origin, key, sig) = _parse_auth_header(auth)
+                (origin, key, sig, destination) = _parse_auth_header(auth)
                 json_request["origin"] = origin
                 json_request["signatures"].setdefault(origin, {})[key] = sig
 
+                # if the origin_server sent a destination along it needs to match our own server_name
+                if destination is not None and destination != self.server_name:
+                    raise AuthenticationError(
+                        400, "Destination mismatch in auth header", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
+                    )
         if (
             self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
             and origin not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
@@ -140,7 +145,7 @@ def _parse_auth_header(header_bytes):
         header_bytes (bytes): header value
 
     Returns:
-        Tuple[str, str, str]: origin, key id, signature.
+        Tuple[str, str, str, Optional[str]]: origin, key id, signature, destination.
 
     Raises:
         AuthenticationError if the header could not be parsed
@@ -163,7 +168,14 @@ def strip_quotes(value):
 
         key = strip_quotes(param_dict["key"])
         sig = strip_quotes(param_dict["sig"])
-        return origin, key, sig
+
+        # get the destination server_name from the auth header if it exists
+        if param_dict.get("destination") is not None:
+            destination = strip_quotes(param_dict.get("destination"))
+        else:
+            destination = None
+
+        return origin, key, sig, destination
     except Exception as e:
         logger.warning(
             "Error parsing auth header '%s': %s",
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 203d723d4120..205c9bc77ead 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -715,6 +715,9 @@ def build_auth_headers(
         Returns:
             A list of headers to be added as "Authorization:" headers
         """
+        if destination is None and destination_is is None:
+            raise ValueError("destination and destination_is cannot both be None!")
+
         request: JsonDict = {
             "method": method.decode("ascii"),
             "uri": url_bytes.decode("ascii"),
@@ -737,8 +740,13 @@ def build_auth_headers(
         for key, sig in request["signatures"][self.server_name].items():
             auth_headers.append(
                 (
-                    'X-Matrix origin=%s,key="%s",sig="%s"'
-                    % (self.server_name, key, sig)
+                    'X-Matrix origin=%s,key="%s",sig="%s",destination="%s"'
+                    % (
+                        self.server_name,
+                        key,
+                        sig,
+                        request.get("destination") or request["destination_is"],
+                    )
                 ).encode("ascii")
             )
         return auth_headers