Refer to, https://github.com/discourse/discourse_api/blob/master/routes.txt for a list of all operations available in Discourse.
You can run the self test with the following commands::
pip install -r requirements.dev.txt
pip install -e .
nosetests
You can test against a Discourse instance by following the Official Discourse developement instructions. For the impatient here is the quick and dirty version::
git clone git@github.com:discourse/discourse.git
cd discourse
vagrant up
vagrant ssh
cd /vagrant
bundle install
bundle exec rake db:migrate
bundle exec rails s
Once running you can access the Discourse install at http://localhost:4000.