diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 9dc2026..8522945 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ### Changed
 - **BREAKING**: Don't merge framework configuration.
+- **BREAKING**: Update how authorization is done in GraphqlController.
 
 ### Removed
 - **BREAKING**: Middleware Authenticate.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 519452e..7b7467e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ $consumer->createToken(['query'], 'my read-only token');
 // allow "mutation" operations only
 $consumer->createToken(['mutation'], 'my write-only token');
 
+// allow specific operations
+$consumer->createToken(['query:ping'], 'my "ping" token');
+$consumer->createToken(['query', 'mutation:start'], 'my "start" token');
+
 // allow any operations
 $consumer->createToken(['*'], 'my full-access token');
 $consumer->createToken(['query', 'mutation', 'subscription'], 'my graphql token');
diff --git a/src/Http/Controllers/GraphqlController.php b/src/Http/Controllers/GraphqlController.php
index 23495aa..cbb233d 100644
--- a/src/Http/Controllers/GraphqlController.php
+++ b/src/Http/Controllers/GraphqlController.php
@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@
 
 use Butler\Graphql\Concerns\HandlesGraphqlRequests;
 use GraphQL\Language\AST\DocumentNode;
+use GraphQL\Language\AST\FieldNode;
+use GraphQL\Language\AST\OperationDefinitionNode;
 use GraphQL\Type\Schema;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
 
 class GraphqlController extends Controller
 {
@@ -20,11 +23,33 @@ public function __construct()
 
     protected function beforeExecutionHook(Schema $schema, DocumentNode $source): void
     {
-        collect($source->toArray(true)['definitions'] ?? null)
-            ->pluck('operation')
-            ->unique()
-            ->filter()
-            ->whenEmpty(fn () => abort(400, 'Invalid operation.'))
-            ->each(fn ($operation) => $this->authorize('graphql', $operation));
+        $this->authorizeQuery($source);
+    }
+
+    protected function authorizeQuery(DocumentNode $source): void
+    {
+        collect($source->definitions)
+            ->filter(fn ($definition) => $definition instanceof OperationDefinitionNode)
+            ->each(function (OperationDefinitionNode $definition) {
+                $operation = $definition->operation;
+
+                if (Gate::allows('graphql', $operation)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                collect($definition->selectionSet->selections)
+                    ->map(fn (FieldNode $node) => $node->name->value)
+                    ->reject(fn (string $type) => $this->isIntrospectionType($operation, $type))
+                    ->each(fn (string $type) => Gate::authorize('graphql', "{$operation}:{$type}"));
+            });
+    }
+
+    protected function isIntrospectionType(string $operation, string $type): bool
+    {
+        return $operation === 'query' && in_array(strtolower($type), [
+            '__schema',
+            '__type',
+            '__typename',
+        ]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/ServiceProvider.php b/src/ServiceProvider.php
index 6e28f65..9fd5110 100644
--- a/src/ServiceProvider.php
+++ b/src/ServiceProvider.php
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ protected function loadPublishing()
 
     public function defineGateAbilities()
     {
-        Gate::define('graphql', function ($user, $operation) {
+        Gate::define('graphql', function ($user, $ability) {
             if ($user instanceof HasAccessTokens) {
-                return $user->tokenCan($operation);
+                return $user->tokenCan($ability);
             }
 
             return false;
diff --git a/tests/Feature/GraphqlTest.php b/tests/Feature/GraphqlTest.php
index 8fa2599..539e497 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/GraphqlTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/GraphqlTest.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 use Butler\Service\Testing\Concerns\InteractsWithAuthentication;
 use Butler\Service\Tests\TestCase;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 
 class GraphqlTest extends TestCase
 {
@@ -20,64 +21,93 @@ public function test_as_guest()
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function test_query_for_consumer_without_query_ability_is_forbidden()
+    #[DataProvider('queryAbilitiesProvider')]
+    public function test_query(bool $expectOk, array $abilities)
     {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: [])
-            ->graphql('{ ping }')
-            ->assertForbidden()
-            ->assertExactJson([
-                'message' => 'This action is unauthorized.',
-            ]);
+        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: $abilities)->graphql('{ ping }')->when(
+            $expectOk,
+            fn ($response) => $response
+                ->assertOk()
+                ->assertJsonPath('data.ping', 'pong'),
+            fn ($response) => $response
+                ->assertForbidden()
+                ->assertExactJson(['message' => 'This action is unauthorized.']),
+        );
     }
 
-    public function test_query_for_consumer_with_query_ability_is_allowed()
+    public static function queryAbilitiesProvider()
     {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: ['query'])
-            ->graphql('{ ping }')
-            ->assertOk()
-            ->assertJsonPath('data.ping', 'pong');
-    }
+        return [
+            [false, []],
+            [false, ['foobar']],
+            [false, ['query:pong']],
+            [false, ['mutation']],
+            [false, ['mutation:stop']],
 
-    public function test_query_for_consumer_with_all_abilities_is_allowed()
-    {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: ['*'])
-            ->graphql('{ ping }')
-            ->assertOk()
-            ->assertJsonPath('data.ping', 'pong');
+            [true, ['*']],
+            [true, ['query']],
+            [true, ['query:ping']],
+            [true, ['query:ping', 'query']],
+            [true, ['query:ping', 'mutation']],
+        ];
     }
 
-    public function test_mutation_for_consumer_without_mutation_ability_is_forbidden()
+    #[DataProvider('mutationAbilitiesProvider')]
+    public function test_mutation(bool $expectOk, array $abilities)
     {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: ['query'])
-            ->graphql('mutation { start }')
-            ->assertForbidden()
-            ->assertExactJson([
-                'message' => 'This action is unauthorized.',
-            ]);
+        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: $abilities)->graphql('mutation { start }')->when(
+            $expectOk,
+            fn ($response) => $response
+                ->assertOk()
+                ->assertJsonPath('data.start', 'started'),
+            fn ($response) => $response
+                ->assertForbidden()
+                ->assertExactJson(['message' => 'This action is unauthorized.']),
+        );
     }
 
-    public function test_mutation_for_consumer_with_mutation_ability_is_allowed()
+    public static function mutationAbilitiesProvider()
     {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: ['mutation'])
-            ->graphql('mutation { start }')
-            ->assertOk()
-            ->assertJsonPath('data.start', 'started');
-    }
+        return [
+            [false, []],
+            [false, ['foobar']],
+            [false, ['mutation:stop']],
+            [false, ['query']],
+            [false, ['query:stop']],
 
-    public function test_mutation_for_consumer_with_all_abilities_is_allowed()
-    {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: ['*'])
-            ->graphql('mutation { start }')
-            ->assertOk()
-            ->assertJsonPath('data.start', 'started');
+            [true, ['*']],
+            [true, ['mutation']],
+            [true, ['mutation:start']],
+            [true, ['mutation:start', 'mutation']],
+            [true, ['mutation:start', 'query']],
+        ];
     }
 
-    public function test_query_without_operation_is_not_allowed()
+    public function test_introspection_is_allowed_without_abilities()
     {
-        $this->actingAsConsumer()
-            ->graphql('fragment Foo on __Bar { baz }')
-            ->assertStatus(400)
-            ->assertExactJson(['message' => 'Invalid operation.']);
+        $this->actingAsConsumer(abilities: [])
+            ->graphql(<<<'GQL'
+                {
+                    __schema {
+                        types {
+                            ...someTypeFragment
+                        }
+                    }
+                    __type(name: "Query") {
+                        name
+                    }
+                    __typename
+                }
+
+                fragment someTypeFragment on __Type {
+                    name
+                }
+                GQL,
+            )
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertJsonPath('data.__schema.types.0.name', 'Query')
+            ->assertJsonPath('data.__type.name', 'Query')
+            ->assertJsonPath('data.__typename', 'Query');
     }
 
     private function graphql($query)