diff --git a/models/actions/variable.go b/models/actions/variable.go
index 14ded60fac1d4..b0a455e675756 100644
--- a/models/actions/variable.go
+++ b/models/actions/variable.go
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@ package actions
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"xorm.io/builder"
 )
@@ -55,24 +53,24 @@ type FindVariablesOpts struct {
 	db.ListOptions
 	OwnerID int64
 	RepoID  int64
+	Name    string
 }
 
 func (opts FindVariablesOpts) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 	cond := builder.NewCond()
+	// Since we now support instance-level variables,
+	// there is no need to check for null values for `owner_id` and `repo_id`
 	cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"owner_id": opts.OwnerID})
 	cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"repo_id": opts.RepoID})
+
+	if opts.Name != "" {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"name": strings.ToUpper(opts.Name)})
+	}
 	return cond
 }
 
-func GetVariableByID(ctx context.Context, variableID int64) (*ActionVariable, error) {
-	var variable ActionVariable
-	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=?", variableID).Get(&variable)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else if !has {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("variable with id %d: %w", variableID, util.ErrNotExist)
-	}
-	return &variable, nil
+func FindVariables(ctx context.Context, opts FindVariablesOpts) ([]*ActionVariable, error) {
+	return db.Find[ActionVariable](ctx, opts)
 }
 
 func UpdateVariable(ctx context.Context, variable *ActionVariable) (bool, error) {
@@ -84,6 +82,13 @@ func UpdateVariable(ctx context.Context, variable *ActionVariable) (bool, error)
 	return count != 0, err
 }
 
+func DeleteVariable(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	if _, err := db.DeleteByID[ActionVariable](ctx, id); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func GetVariablesOfRun(ctx context.Context, run *ActionRun) (map[string]string, error) {
 	variables := map[string]string{}
 
diff --git a/modules/structs/variable.go b/modules/structs/variable.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cc846cf0ec309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/structs/variable.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package structs
+
+// CreateVariableOption the option when creating variable
+// swagger:model
+type CreateVariableOption struct {
+	// Value of the variable to create
+	//
+	// required: true
+	Value string `json:"value" binding:"Required"`
+}
+
+// UpdateVariableOption the option when updating variable
+// swagger:model
+type UpdateVariableOption struct {
+	// New name for the variable. If the field is empty, the variable name won't be updated.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+	// Value of the variable to update
+	//
+	// required: true
+	Value string `json:"value" binding:"Required"`
+}
+
+// ActionVariable return value of the query API
+// swagger:model
+type ActionVariable struct {
+	// the owner to which the variable belongs
+	OwnerID int64 `json:"owner_id"`
+	// the repository to which the variable belongs
+	RepoID int64 `json:"repo_id"`
+	// the name of the variable
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+	// the value of the variable
+	Data string `json:"data"`
+}
diff --git a/modules/util/util.go b/modules/util/util.go
index c94fb910471c7..b6e730eb54bbd 100644
--- a/modules/util/util.go
+++ b/modules/util/util.go
@@ -221,3 +221,12 @@ func IfZero[T comparable](v, def T) T {
 	}
 	return v
 }
+
+func ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(input string) string {
+	// Since the content is from a form which is a textarea, the line endings are \r\n.
+	// It's a standard behavior of HTML.
+	// But we want to store them as \n like what GitHub does.
+	// And users are unlikely to really need to keep the \r.
+	// Other than this, we should respect the original content, even leading or trailing spaces.
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(input, "\r\n", "\n")
+}
diff --git a/modules/util/util_test.go b/modules/util/util_test.go
index 819e12ee91fff..5c5b13d04b4fc 100644
--- a/modules/util/util_test.go
+++ b/modules/util/util_test.go
@@ -235,3 +235,8 @@ func TestToPointer(t *testing.T) {
 	val123 := 123
 	assert.False(t, &val123 == ToPointer(val123))
 }
+
+func TestReserveLineBreakForTextarea(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, ReserveLineBreakForTextarea("test\r\ndata"), "test\ndata")
+	assert.Equal(t, ReserveLineBreakForTextarea("test\r\ndata\r\n"), "test\ndata\n")
+}
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/api.go b/routers/api/v1/api.go
index c65650c388407..e870378c4b247 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/api.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/api.go
@@ -955,6 +955,15 @@ func Routes() *web.Route {
 						Delete(user.DeleteSecret)
 				})
 
+				m.Group("/variables", func() {
+					m.Get("", user.ListVariables)
+					m.Combo("/{variablename}").
+						Get(user.GetVariable).
+						Delete(user.DeleteVariable).
+						Post(bind(api.CreateVariableOption{}), user.CreateVariable).
+						Put(bind(api.UpdateVariableOption{}), user.UpdateVariable)
+				})
+
 				m.Group("/runners", func() {
 					m.Get("/registration-token", reqToken(), user.GetRegistrationToken)
 				})
@@ -1073,6 +1082,15 @@ func Routes() *web.Route {
 							Delete(reqToken(), reqOwner(), repo.DeleteSecret)
 					})
 
+					m.Group("/variables", func() {
+						m.Get("", reqToken(), reqOwner(), repo.ListVariables)
+						m.Combo("/{variablename}").
+							Get(reqToken(), reqOwner(), repo.GetVariable).
+							Delete(reqToken(), reqOwner(), repo.DeleteVariable).
+							Post(reqToken(), reqOwner(), bind(api.CreateVariableOption{}), repo.CreateVariable).
+							Put(reqToken(), reqOwner(), bind(api.UpdateVariableOption{}), repo.UpdateVariable)
+					})
+
 					m.Group("/runners", func() {
 						m.Get("/registration-token", reqToken(), reqOwner(), repo.GetRegistrationToken)
 					})
@@ -1452,6 +1470,15 @@ func Routes() *web.Route {
 						Delete(reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), org.DeleteSecret)
 				})
 
+				m.Group("/variables", func() {
+					m.Get("", reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), org.ListVariables)
+					m.Combo("/{variablename}").
+						Get(reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), org.GetVariable).
+						Delete(reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), org.DeleteVariable).
+						Post(reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), bind(api.CreateVariableOption{}), org.CreateVariable).
+						Put(reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), bind(api.UpdateVariableOption{}), org.UpdateVariable)
+				})
+
 				m.Group("/runners", func() {
 					m.Get("/registration-token", reqToken(), reqOrgOwnership(), org.GetRegistrationToken)
 				})
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/org/variables.go b/routers/api/v1/org/variables.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eaf7bdc45ba0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/routers/api/v1/org/variables.go
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package org
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/utils"
+	actions_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
+)
+
+// ListVariables list org-level variables
+func ListVariables(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation GET /orgs/{org}/actions/variables organization getOrgVariablesList
+	// ---
+	// summary: Get an org-level variables list
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: org
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the organization
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: page
+	//   in: query
+	//   description: page number of results to return (1-based)
+	//   type: integer
+	// - name: limit
+	//   in: query
+	//   description: page size of results
+	//   type: integer
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//		 "$ref": "#/responses/VariableList"
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	vars, count, err := db.FindAndCount[actions_model.ActionVariable](ctx, &actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID:     ctx.Org.Organization.ID,
+		ListOptions: utils.GetListOptions(ctx),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "FindVariables", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	variables := make([]*api.ActionVariable, len(vars))
+	for i, v := range vars {
+		variables[i] = &api.ActionVariable{
+			OwnerID: v.OwnerID,
+			RepoID:  v.RepoID,
+			Name:    v.Name,
+			Data:    v.Data,
+		}
+	}
+
+	ctx.SetTotalCountHeader(count)
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, variables)
+}
+
+// GetVariable get an org-level variable
+func GetVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation GET /orgs/{org}/actions/variables/{variablename} organization getOrgVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Get an org-level variable
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: org
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the organization
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//		 "$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ctx.Org.Organization.ID,
+		Name:    ctx.Params("variablename"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "GetVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	variable := &api.ActionVariable{
+		OwnerID: v.OwnerID,
+		RepoID:  v.RepoID,
+		Name:    v.Name,
+		Data:    v.Data,
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, variable)
+}
+
+// DeleteVariable delete an org-level variable
+func DeleteVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation DELETE /orgs/{org}/actions/variables/{variablename} organization deleteOrgVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Delete an org-level variable
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: org
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the organization
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//			"$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when deleting a variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when deleting a variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	if err := actions_service.DeleteVariableByName(ctx, ctx.Org.Organization.ID, 0, ctx.Params("variablename")); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		} else if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// CreateVariable create an org-level variable
+func CreateVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation POST /orgs/{org}/actions/variables/{variablename} organization createOrgVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Create an org-level variable
+	// consumes:
+	// - application/json
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: org
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the organization
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: body
+	//   in: body
+	//   schema:
+	//     "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateVariableOption"
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when creating an org-level variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when creating an org-level variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	opt := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.CreateVariableOption)
+
+	ownerID := ctx.Org.Organization.ID
+	variableName := ctx.Params("variablename")
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ownerID,
+		Name:    variableName,
+	})
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if v != nil && v.ID > 0 {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusConflict, "VariableNameAlreadyExists", util.NewAlreadyExistErrorf("variable name %s already exists", variableName))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := actions_service.CreateVariable(ctx, ownerID, 0, variableName, opt.Value); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "CreateVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "CreateVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// UpdateVariable update an org-level variable
+func UpdateVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation PUT /orgs/{org}/actions/variables/{variablename} organization updateOrgVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Update an org-level variable
+	// consumes:
+	// - application/json
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: org
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the organization
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: body
+	//   in: body
+	//   schema:
+	//     "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when updating an org-level variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when updating an org-level variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	opt := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.UpdateVariableOption)
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ctx.Org.Organization.ID,
+		Name:    ctx.Params("variablename"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "GetVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if opt.Name == "" {
+		opt.Name = ctx.Params("variablename")
+	}
+	if _, err := actions_service.UpdateVariable(ctx, v.ID, opt.Name, opt.Value); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "UpdateVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "UpdateVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/repo/action.go b/routers/api/v1/repo/action.go
index e0af276c71503..03321d956d7cb 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/repo/action.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/repo/action.go
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/utils"
+	actions_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/actions"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 	secret_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/secrets"
 )
@@ -127,3 +131,295 @@ func DeleteSecret(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 
 	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
+
+// GetVariable get a repo-level variable
+func GetVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{variablename} repository getRepoVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Get a repo-level variable
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: owner
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the owner
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: repo
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the repository
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//			"$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		RepoID: ctx.Repo.Repository.ID,
+		Name:   ctx.Params("variablename"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "GetVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	variable := &api.ActionVariable{
+		OwnerID: v.OwnerID,
+		RepoID:  v.RepoID,
+		Name:    v.Name,
+		Data:    v.Data,
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, variable)
+}
+
+// DeleteVariable delete a repo-level variable
+func DeleteVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation DELETE /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{variablename} repository deleteRepoVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Delete a repo-level variable
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: owner
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the owner
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: repo
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the repository
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//			"$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when deleting a variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when deleting a variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	if err := actions_service.DeleteVariableByName(ctx, 0, ctx.Repo.Repository.ID, ctx.Params("variablename")); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		} else if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// CreateVariable create a repo-level variable
+func CreateVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{variablename} repository createRepoVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Create a repo-level variable
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: owner
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the owner
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: repo
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the repository
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: body
+	//   in: body
+	//   schema:
+	//     "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateVariableOption"
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when creating a repo-level variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when creating a repo-level variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	opt := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.CreateVariableOption)
+
+	repoID := ctx.Repo.Repository.ID
+	variableName := ctx.Params("variablename")
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		RepoID: repoID,
+		Name:   variableName,
+	})
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if v != nil && v.ID > 0 {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusConflict, "VariableNameAlreadyExists", util.NewAlreadyExistErrorf("variable name %s already exists", variableName))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := actions_service.CreateVariable(ctx, 0, repoID, variableName, opt.Value); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "CreateVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "CreateVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// UpdateVariable update a repo-level variable
+func UpdateVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation PUT /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{variablename} repository updateRepoVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Update a repo-level variable
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: owner
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the owner
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: repo
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the repository
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: body
+	//   in: body
+	//   schema:
+	//     "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when updating a repo-level variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when updating a repo-level variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	opt := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.UpdateVariableOption)
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		RepoID: ctx.Repo.Repository.ID,
+		Name:   ctx.Params("variablename"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "GetVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if opt.Name == "" {
+		opt.Name = ctx.Params("variablename")
+	}
+	if _, err := actions_service.UpdateVariable(ctx, v.ID, opt.Name, opt.Value); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "UpdateVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "UpdateVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// ListVariables list repo-level variables
+func ListVariables(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables repository getRepoVariablesList
+	// ---
+	// summary: Get repo-level variables list
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: owner
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the owner
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: repo
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the repository
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: page
+	//   in: query
+	//   description: page number of results to return (1-based)
+	//   type: integer
+	// - name: limit
+	//   in: query
+	//   description: page size of results
+	//   type: integer
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//		 "$ref": "#/responses/VariableList"
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	vars, count, err := db.FindAndCount[actions_model.ActionVariable](ctx, &actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		RepoID:      ctx.Repo.Repository.ID,
+		ListOptions: utils.GetListOptions(ctx),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "FindVariables", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	variables := make([]*api.ActionVariable, len(vars))
+	for i, v := range vars {
+		variables[i] = &api.ActionVariable{
+			OwnerID: v.OwnerID,
+			RepoID:  v.RepoID,
+			Name:    v.Name,
+		}
+	}
+
+	ctx.SetTotalCountHeader(count)
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, variables)
+}
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/swagger/action.go b/routers/api/v1/swagger/action.go
index 37717807180ac..665f4d0b85245 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/swagger/action.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/swagger/action.go
@@ -18,3 +18,17 @@ type swaggerResponseSecret struct {
 	// in:body
 	Body api.Secret `json:"body"`
 }
+
+// ActionVariable
+// swagger:response ActionVariable
+type swaggerResponseActionVariable struct {
+	// in:body
+	Body api.ActionVariable `json:"body"`
+}
+
+// VariableList
+// swagger:response VariableList
+type swaggerResponseVariableList struct {
+	// in:body
+	Body []api.ActionVariable `json:"body"`
+}
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/swagger/options.go b/routers/api/v1/swagger/options.go
index 471e7d9c4e3f6..cd551cbdfa923 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/swagger/options.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/swagger/options.go
@@ -193,4 +193,10 @@ type swaggerParameterBodies struct {
 
 	// in:body
 	UserBadgeOption api.UserBadgeOption
+
+	// in:body
+	CreateVariableOption api.CreateVariableOption
+
+	// in:body
+	UpdateVariableOption api.UpdateVariableOption
 }
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/user/action.go b/routers/api/v1/user/action.go
index babb8c0cf7abb..bf78c2c86493a 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/user/action.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/user/action.go
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/utils"
+	actions_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/actions"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 	secret_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/secrets"
 )
@@ -101,3 +105,249 @@ func DeleteSecret(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 
 	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
+
+// CreateVariable create a user-level variable
+func CreateVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation POST /user/actions/variables/{variablename} user createUserVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Create a user-level variable
+	// consumes:
+	// - application/json
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: body
+	//   in: body
+	//   schema:
+	//     "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateVariableOption"
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when creating a variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when creating a variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	opt := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.CreateVariableOption)
+
+	ownerID := ctx.Doer.ID
+	variableName := ctx.Params("variablename")
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ownerID,
+		Name:    variableName,
+	})
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if v != nil && v.ID > 0 {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusConflict, "VariableNameAlreadyExists", util.NewAlreadyExistErrorf("variable name %s already exists", variableName))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := actions_service.CreateVariable(ctx, ownerID, 0, variableName, opt.Value); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "CreateVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "CreateVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// UpdateVariable update a user-level variable which is created by current doer
+func UpdateVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation PUT /user/actions/variables/{variablename} user updateUserVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Update a user-level variable which is created by current doer
+	// consumes:
+	// - application/json
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// - name: body
+	//   in: body
+	//   schema:
+	//     "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when updating a variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when updating a variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	opt := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.UpdateVariableOption)
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ctx.Doer.ID,
+		Name:    ctx.Params("variablename"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "GetVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if opt.Name == "" {
+		opt.Name = ctx.Params("variablename")
+	}
+	if _, err := actions_service.UpdateVariable(ctx, v.ID, opt.Name, opt.Value); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "UpdateVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "UpdateVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// DeleteVariable delete a user-level variable which is created by current doer
+func DeleteVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation DELETE /user/actions/variables/{variablename} user deleteUserVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Delete a user-level variable which is created by current doer
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// responses:
+	//   "201":
+	//     description: response when deleting a variable
+	//   "204":
+	//     description: response when deleting a variable
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	if err := actions_service.DeleteVariableByName(ctx, ctx.Doer.ID, 0, ctx.Params("variablename")); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusBadRequest, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		} else if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "DeleteVariableByName", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// GetVariable get a user-level variable which is created by current doer
+func GetVariable(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation GET /user/actions/variables/{variablename} user getUserVariable
+	// ---
+	// summary: Get a user-level variable which is created by current doer
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: variablename
+	//   in: path
+	//   description: name of the variable
+	//   type: string
+	//   required: true
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//			"$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	v, err := actions_service.GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ctx.Doer.ID,
+		Name:    ctx.Params("variablename"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusNotFound, "GetVariable", err)
+		} else {
+			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "GetVariable", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	variable := &api.ActionVariable{
+		OwnerID: v.OwnerID,
+		RepoID:  v.RepoID,
+		Name:    v.Name,
+		Data:    v.Data,
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, variable)
+}
+
+// ListVariables list user-level variables
+func ListVariables(ctx *context.APIContext) {
+	// swagger:operation GET /user/actions/variables user getUserVariablesList
+	// ---
+	// summary: Get the user-level list of variables which is created by current doer
+	// produces:
+	// - application/json
+	// parameters:
+	// - name: page
+	//   in: query
+	//   description: page number of results to return (1-based)
+	//   type: integer
+	// - name: limit
+	//   in: query
+	//   description: page size of results
+	//   type: integer
+	// responses:
+	//   "200":
+	//			"$ref": "#/responses/VariableList"
+	//   "400":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+	//   "404":
+	//     "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+
+	vars, count, err := db.FindAndCount[actions_model.ActionVariable](ctx, &actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID:     ctx.Doer.ID,
+		ListOptions: utils.GetListOptions(ctx),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, "FindVariables", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	variables := make([]*api.ActionVariable, len(vars))
+	for i, v := range vars {
+		variables[i] = &api.ActionVariable{
+			OwnerID: v.OwnerID,
+			RepoID:  v.RepoID,
+			Name:    v.Name,
+			Data:    v.Data,
+		}
+	}
+
+	ctx.SetTotalCountHeader(count)
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, variables)
+}
diff --git a/routers/web/shared/actions/variables.go b/routers/web/shared/actions/variables.go
index 0f705399c9705..79c03e4e8ca21 100644
--- a/routers/web/shared/actions/variables.go
+++ b/routers/web/shared/actions/variables.go
@@ -4,17 +4,13 @@
 package actions
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
 	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
+	actions_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/actions"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/forms"
-	secret_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/secrets"
 )
 
 func SetVariablesContext(ctx *context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64) {
@@ -29,41 +25,16 @@ func SetVariablesContext(ctx *context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64) {
 	ctx.Data["Variables"] = variables
 }
 
-// some regular expression of `variables` and `secrets`
-// reference to:
-// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#naming-conventions-for-configuration-variables
-// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/encrypted-secrets#naming-your-secrets
-var (
-	forbiddenEnvNameCIRx = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)^CI")
-)
-
-func envNameCIRegexMatch(name string) error {
-	if forbiddenEnvNameCIRx.MatchString(name) {
-		log.Error("Env Name cannot be ci")
-		return errors.New("env name cannot be ci")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func CreateVariable(ctx *context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64, redirectURL string) {
 	form := web.GetForm(ctx).(*forms.EditVariableForm)
 
-	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(form.Name); err != nil {
-		ctx.JSONError(err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(form.Name); err != nil {
-		ctx.JSONError(err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	v, err := actions_model.InsertVariable(ctx, ownerID, repoID, form.Name, ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(form.Data))
+	v, err := actions_service.CreateVariable(ctx, ownerID, repoID, form.Name, form.Data)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("InsertVariable error: %v", err)
+		log.Error("CreateVariable: %v", err)
 		ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("actions.variables.creation.failed"))
 		return
 	}
+
 	ctx.Flash.Success(ctx.Tr("actions.variables.creation.success", v.Name))
 	ctx.JSONRedirect(redirectURL)
 }
@@ -72,23 +43,8 @@ func UpdateVariable(ctx *context.Context, redirectURL string) {
 	id := ctx.ParamsInt64(":variable_id")
 	form := web.GetForm(ctx).(*forms.EditVariableForm)
 
-	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(form.Name); err != nil {
-		ctx.JSONError(err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(form.Name); err != nil {
-		ctx.JSONError(err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	ok, err := actions_model.UpdateVariable(ctx, &actions_model.ActionVariable{
-		ID:   id,
-		Name: strings.ToUpper(form.Name),
-		Data: ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(form.Data),
-	})
-	if err != nil || !ok {
-		log.Error("UpdateVariable error: %v", err)
+	if ok, err := actions_service.UpdateVariable(ctx, id, form.Name, form.Data); err != nil || !ok {
+		log.Error("UpdateVariable: %v", err)
 		ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("actions.variables.update.failed"))
 		return
 	}
@@ -99,7 +55,7 @@ func UpdateVariable(ctx *context.Context, redirectURL string) {
 func DeleteVariable(ctx *context.Context, redirectURL string) {
 	id := ctx.ParamsInt64(":variable_id")
 
-	if _, err := db.DeleteByBean(ctx, &actions_model.ActionVariable{ID: id}); err != nil {
+	if err := actions_service.DeleteVariableByID(ctx, id); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Delete variable [%d] failed: %v", id, err)
 		ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("actions.variables.deletion.failed"))
 		return
@@ -107,12 +63,3 @@ func DeleteVariable(ctx *context.Context, redirectURL string) {
 	ctx.Flash.Success(ctx.Tr("actions.variables.deletion.success"))
 	ctx.JSONRedirect(redirectURL)
 }
-
-func ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(input string) string {
-	// Since the content is from a form which is a textarea, the line endings are \r\n.
-	// It's a standard behavior of HTML.
-	// But we want to store them as \n like what GitHub does.
-	// And users are unlikely to really need to keep the \r.
-	// Other than this, we should respect the original content, even leading or trailing spaces.
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(input, "\r\n", "\n")
-}
diff --git a/routers/web/shared/secrets/secrets.go b/routers/web/shared/secrets/secrets.go
index 73505ec372d4e..3bd421f86ab5c 100644
--- a/routers/web/shared/secrets/secrets.go
+++ b/routers/web/shared/secrets/secrets.go
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	secret_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/secret"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/web/shared/actions"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/forms"
 	secret_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/secrets"
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func SetSecretsContext(ctx *context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64) {
 func PerformSecretsPost(ctx *context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64, redirectURL string) {
 	form := web.GetForm(ctx).(*forms.AddSecretForm)
 
-	s, _, err := secret_service.CreateOrUpdateSecret(ctx, ownerID, repoID, form.Name, actions.ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(form.Data))
+	s, _, err := secret_service.CreateOrUpdateSecret(ctx, ownerID, repoID, form.Name, util.ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(form.Data))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("CreateOrUpdateSecret failed: %v", err)
 		ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("secrets.creation.failed"))
diff --git a/services/actions/variables.go b/services/actions/variables.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8dde9c4af5c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/variables.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+	secret_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/secrets"
+)
+
+func CreateVariable(ctx context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64, name, data string) (*actions_model.ActionVariable, error) {
+	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	v, err := actions_model.InsertVariable(ctx, ownerID, repoID, name, util.ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+func UpdateVariable(ctx context.Context, variableID int64, name, data string) (bool, error) {
+	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(name); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(name); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.UpdateVariable(ctx, &actions_model.ActionVariable{
+		ID:   variableID,
+		Name: strings.ToUpper(name),
+		Data: util.ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(data),
+	})
+}
+
+func DeleteVariableByID(ctx context.Context, variableID int64) error {
+	return actions_model.DeleteVariable(ctx, variableID)
+}
+
+func DeleteVariableByName(ctx context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64, name string) error {
+	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	v, err := GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ownerID,
+		RepoID:  repoID,
+		Name:    name,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.DeleteVariable(ctx, v.ID)
+}
+
+func GetVariable(ctx context.Context, opts actions_model.FindVariablesOpts) (*actions_model.ActionVariable, error) {
+	vars, err := actions_model.FindVariables(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(vars) != 1 {
+		return nil, util.NewNotExistErrorf("variable not found")
+	}
+	return vars[0], nil
+}
+
+// some regular expression of `variables` and `secrets`
+// reference to:
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#naming-conventions-for-configuration-variables
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/encrypted-secrets#naming-your-secrets
+var (
+	forbiddenEnvNameCIRx = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)^CI")
+)
+
+func envNameCIRegexMatch(name string) error {
+	if forbiddenEnvNameCIRx.MatchString(name) {
+		log.Error("Env Name cannot be ci")
+		return util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("env name cannot be ci")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl b/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
index ef6126ff85f3c..b5677c77e03c7 100644
--- a/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
+++ b/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
@@ -1844,6 +1844,232 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "/orgs/{org}/actions/variables": {
+      "get": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "organization"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Get an org-level variables list",
+        "operationId": "getOrgVariablesList",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the organization",
+            "name": "org",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "description": "page number of results to return (1-based)",
+            "name": "page",
+            "in": "query"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "description": "page size of results",
+            "name": "limit",
+            "in": "query"
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/VariableList"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "/orgs/{org}/actions/variables/{variablename}": {
+      "get": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "organization"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Get an org-level variable",
+        "operationId": "getOrgVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the organization",
+            "name": "org",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "put": {
+        "consumes": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "organization"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Update an org-level variable",
+        "operationId": "updateOrgVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the organization",
+            "name": "org",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "body",
+            "in": "body",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when updating an org-level variable"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when updating an org-level variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "post": {
+        "consumes": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "organization"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Create an org-level variable",
+        "operationId": "createOrgVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the organization",
+            "name": "org",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "body",
+            "in": "body",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateVariableOption"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when creating an org-level variable"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when creating an org-level variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "organization"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Delete an org-level variable",
+        "operationId": "deleteOrgVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the organization",
+            "name": "org",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+          },
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when deleting a variable"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when deleting a variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "/orgs/{org}/activities/feeds": {
       "get": {
         "produces": [
@@ -3587,53 +3813,305 @@
           },
           {
             "type": "string",
-            "description": "name of the repo to edit",
-            "name": "repo",
+            "description": "name of the repo to edit",
+            "name": "repo",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "description": "Properties of a repo that you can edit",
+            "name": "body",
+            "in": "body",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/EditRepoOption"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/Repository"
+          },
+          "403": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/forbidden"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          },
+          "422": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/validationError"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "/repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/secrets/{secretname}": {
+      "put": {
+        "consumes": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "repository"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Create or Update a secret value in a repository",
+        "operationId": "updateRepoSecret",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "owner of the repository",
+            "name": "owner",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the repository",
+            "name": "repo",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the secret",
+            "name": "secretname",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "body",
+            "in": "body",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateOrUpdateSecretOption"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when creating a secret"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when updating a secret"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "consumes": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "repository"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Delete a secret in a repository",
+        "operationId": "deleteRepoSecret",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "owner of the repository",
+            "name": "owner",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the repository",
+            "name": "repo",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the secret",
+            "name": "secretname",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "204": {
+            "description": "delete one secret of the organization"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "/repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables": {
+      "get": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "repository"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Get repo-level variables list",
+        "operationId": "getRepoVariablesList",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the owner",
+            "name": "owner",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the repository",
+            "name": "repo",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "description": "page number of results to return (1-based)",
+            "name": "page",
+            "in": "query"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "description": "page size of results",
+            "name": "limit",
+            "in": "query"
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/VariableList"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "/repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{variablename}": {
+      "get": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "repository"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Get a repo-level variable",
+        "operationId": "getRepoVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the owner",
+            "name": "owner",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the repository",
+            "name": "repo",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "put": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "repository"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Update a repo-level variable",
+        "operationId": "updateRepoVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the owner",
+            "name": "owner",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the repository",
+            "name": "repo",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
             "in": "path",
             "required": true
           },
           {
-            "description": "Properties of a repo that you can edit",
             "name": "body",
             "in": "body",
             "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/EditRepoOption"
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
             }
           }
         ],
         "responses": {
-          "200": {
-            "$ref": "#/responses/Repository"
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when updating a repo-level variable"
           },
-          "403": {
-            "$ref": "#/responses/forbidden"
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when updating a repo-level variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
           },
           "404": {
             "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
-          },
-          "422": {
-            "$ref": "#/responses/validationError"
           }
         }
-      }
-    },
-    "/repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/secrets/{secretname}": {
-      "put": {
-        "consumes": [
-          "application/json"
-        ],
+      },
+      "post": {
         "produces": [
           "application/json"
         ],
         "tags": [
           "repository"
         ],
-        "summary": "Create or Update a secret value in a repository",
-        "operationId": "updateRepoSecret",
+        "summary": "Create a repo-level variable",
+        "operationId": "createRepoVariable",
         "parameters": [
           {
             "type": "string",
-            "description": "owner of the repository",
+            "description": "name of the owner",
             "name": "owner",
             "in": "path",
             "required": true
@@ -3647,8 +4125,8 @@
           },
           {
             "type": "string",
-            "description": "name of the secret",
-            "name": "secretname",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
             "in": "path",
             "required": true
           },
@@ -3656,16 +4134,16 @@
             "name": "body",
             "in": "body",
             "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateOrUpdateSecretOption"
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateVariableOption"
             }
           }
         ],
         "responses": {
           "201": {
-            "description": "response when creating a secret"
+            "description": "response when creating a repo-level variable"
           },
           "204": {
-            "description": "response when updating a secret"
+            "description": "response when creating a repo-level variable"
           },
           "400": {
             "$ref": "#/responses/error"
@@ -3676,21 +4154,18 @@
         }
       },
       "delete": {
-        "consumes": [
-          "application/json"
-        ],
         "produces": [
           "application/json"
         ],
         "tags": [
           "repository"
         ],
-        "summary": "Delete a secret in a repository",
-        "operationId": "deleteRepoSecret",
+        "summary": "Delete a repo-level variable",
+        "operationId": "deleteRepoVariable",
         "parameters": [
           {
             "type": "string",
-            "description": "owner of the repository",
+            "description": "name of the owner",
             "name": "owner",
             "in": "path",
             "required": true
@@ -3704,15 +4179,21 @@
           },
           {
             "type": "string",
-            "description": "name of the secret",
-            "name": "secretname",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
             "in": "path",
             "required": true
           }
         ],
         "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+          },
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when deleting a variable"
+          },
           "204": {
-            "description": "delete one secret of the organization"
+            "description": "response when deleting a variable"
           },
           "400": {
             "$ref": "#/responses/error"
@@ -15050,6 +15531,194 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "/user/actions/variables": {
+      "get": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "user"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Get the user-level list of variables which is created by current doer",
+        "operationId": "getUserVariablesList",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "description": "page number of results to return (1-based)",
+            "name": "page",
+            "in": "query"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "description": "page size of results",
+            "name": "limit",
+            "in": "query"
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/VariableList"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "/user/actions/variables/{variablename}": {
+      "get": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "user"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Get a user-level variable which is created by current doer",
+        "operationId": "getUserVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/ActionVariable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "put": {
+        "consumes": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "user"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Update a user-level variable which is created by current doer",
+        "operationId": "updateUserVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "body",
+            "in": "body",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when updating a variable"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when updating a variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "post": {
+        "consumes": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "user"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Create a user-level variable",
+        "operationId": "createUserVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "body",
+            "in": "body",
+            "schema": {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/CreateVariableOption"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when creating a variable"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when creating a variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "produces": [
+          "application/json"
+        ],
+        "tags": [
+          "user"
+        ],
+        "summary": "Delete a user-level variable which is created by current doer",
+        "operationId": "deleteUserVariable",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "name of the variable",
+            "name": "variablename",
+            "in": "path",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "201": {
+            "description": "response when deleting a variable"
+          },
+          "204": {
+            "description": "response when deleting a variable"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/error"
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "$ref": "#/responses/notFound"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "/user/applications/oauth2": {
       "get": {
         "produces": [
@@ -17193,6 +17862,35 @@
       },
       "x-go-package": "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
     },
+    "ActionVariable": {
+      "description": "ActionVariable return value of the query API",
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "data": {
+          "description": "the value of the variable",
+          "type": "string",
+          "x-go-name": "Data"
+        },
+        "name": {
+          "description": "the name of the variable",
+          "type": "string",
+          "x-go-name": "Name"
+        },
+        "owner_id": {
+          "description": "the owner to which the variable belongs",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "format": "int64",
+          "x-go-name": "OwnerID"
+        },
+        "repo_id": {
+          "description": "the repository to which the variable belongs",
+          "type": "integer",
+          "format": "int64",
+          "x-go-name": "RepoID"
+        }
+      },
+      "x-go-package": "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+    },
     "Activity": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
@@ -19079,6 +19777,21 @@
       },
       "x-go-package": "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
     },
+    "CreateVariableOption": {
+      "description": "CreateVariableOption the option when creating variable",
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "value"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "value": {
+          "description": "Value of the variable to create",
+          "type": "string",
+          "x-go-name": "Value"
+        }
+      },
+      "x-go-package": "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+    },
     "CreateWikiPageOptions": {
       "description": "CreateWikiPageOptions form for creating wiki",
       "type": "object",
@@ -23371,6 +24084,26 @@
       },
       "x-go-package": "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
     },
+    "UpdateVariableOption": {
+      "description": "UpdateVariableOption the option when updating variable",
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "value"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "name": {
+          "description": "New name for the variable. If the field is empty, the variable name won't be updated.",
+          "type": "string",
+          "x-go-name": "Name"
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "description": "Value of the variable to update",
+          "type": "string",
+          "x-go-name": "Value"
+        }
+      },
+      "x-go-package": "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+    },
     "User": {
       "description": "User represents a user",
       "type": "object",
@@ -23752,6 +24485,12 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "ActionVariable": {
+      "description": "ActionVariable",
+      "schema": {
+        "$ref": "#/definitions/ActionVariable"
+      }
+    },
     "ActivityFeedsList": {
       "description": "ActivityFeedsList",
       "schema": {
@@ -24635,6 +25374,15 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "VariableList": {
+      "description": "VariableList",
+      "schema": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": {
+          "$ref": "#/definitions/ActionVariable"
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "WatchInfo": {
       "description": "WatchInfo",
       "schema": {
@@ -24710,7 +25458,7 @@
     "parameterBodies": {
       "description": "parameterBodies",
       "schema": {
-        "$ref": "#/definitions/UserBadgeOption"
+        "$ref": "#/definitions/UpdateVariableOption"
       }
     },
     "redirect": {
diff --git a/tests/integration/api_repo_variables_test.go b/tests/integration/api_repo_variables_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7847962b07d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/api_repo_variables_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/tests"
+)
+
+func TestAPIRepoVariables(t *testing.T) {
+	defer tests.PrepareTestEnv(t)()
+
+	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+	user := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{ID: repo.OwnerID})
+	session := loginUser(t, user.Name)
+	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeWriteRepository)
+
+	t.Run("CreateRepoVariable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cases := []struct {
+			Name           string
+			ExpectedStatus int
+		}{
+			{
+				Name:           "-",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "_",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "TEST_VAR",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "test_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusConflict,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "ci",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "123var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "var@test",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "github_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "gitea_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, c := range cases {
+			req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/actions/variables/%s", repo.FullName(), c.Name), api.CreateVariableOption{
+				Value: "value",
+			}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+			MakeRequest(t, req, c.ExpectedStatus)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("UpdateRepoVariable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		variableName := "test_update_var"
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/actions/variables/%s", repo.FullName(), variableName)
+		req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", url, api.CreateVariableOption{
+			Value: "initial_val",
+		}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNoContent)
+
+		cases := []struct {
+			Name           string
+			UpdateName     string
+			ExpectedStatus int
+		}{
+			{
+				Name:           "not_found_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "1invalid",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "invalid@name",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "ci",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "updated_var_name",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "updated_var_name",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, c := range cases {
+			req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "PUT", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/actions/variables/%s", repo.FullName(), c.Name), api.UpdateVariableOption{
+				Name:  c.UpdateName,
+				Value: "updated_val",
+			}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+			MakeRequest(t, req, c.ExpectedStatus)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("DeleteRepoVariable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		variableName := "test_delete_var"
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/actions/variables/%s", repo.FullName(), variableName)
+
+		req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", url, api.CreateVariableOption{
+			Value: "initial_val",
+		}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNoContent)
+
+		req = NewRequest(t, "DELETE", url).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNoContent)
+
+		req = NewRequest(t, "DELETE", url).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNotFound)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/api_user_variables_test.go b/tests/integration/api_user_variables_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dd5501f0b9a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/api_user_variables_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/tests"
+)
+
+func TestAPIUserVariables(t *testing.T) {
+	defer tests.PrepareTestEnv(t)()
+
+	session := loginUser(t, "user1")
+	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeWriteUser)
+
+	t.Run("CreateRepoVariable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cases := []struct {
+			Name           string
+			ExpectedStatus int
+		}{
+			{
+				Name:           "-",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "_",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "TEST_VAR",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "test_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusConflict,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "ci",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "123var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "var@test",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "github_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "gitea_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, c := range cases {
+			req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/user/actions/variables/%s", c.Name), api.CreateVariableOption{
+				Value: "value",
+			}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+			MakeRequest(t, req, c.ExpectedStatus)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("UpdateRepoVariable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		variableName := "test_update_var"
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/user/actions/variables/%s", variableName)
+		req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", url, api.CreateVariableOption{
+			Value: "initial_val",
+		}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNoContent)
+
+		cases := []struct {
+			Name           string
+			UpdateName     string
+			ExpectedStatus int
+		}{
+			{
+				Name:           "not_found_var",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "1invalid",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "invalid@name",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "ci",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				UpdateName:     "updated_var_name",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           variableName,
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "updated_var_name",
+				ExpectedStatus: http.StatusNoContent,
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, c := range cases {
+			req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "PUT", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/user/actions/variables/%s", c.Name), api.UpdateVariableOption{
+				Name:  c.UpdateName,
+				Value: "updated_val",
+			}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+			MakeRequest(t, req, c.ExpectedStatus)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("DeleteRepoVariable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		variableName := "test_delete_var"
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/user/actions/variables/%s", variableName)
+
+		req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", url, api.CreateVariableOption{
+			Value: "initial_val",
+		}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNoContent)
+
+		req = NewRequest(t, "DELETE", url).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNoContent)
+
+		req = NewRequest(t, "DELETE", url).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNotFound)
+	})
+}