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Gerty

A minimal, dependently-typed programming language with graded types based on Graded Modal Dependent Type Theory (grtt). You can find more details about this type theory in our ESOP 2021 paper.

The syntax is inspired by Agda (so please do check that great project out) but extended with the notion of grading.

A simple example, but which capture the main ideas, is the polymorphic identity function. Without any grading information we can write something that looks very much like what we might write in Agda;

id : (a : Type 0) -> (x : a) -> a
id = \a -> \x -> x

(to run this with gerty, save it to a file with .lam extension and then run gerty file.lam).

Then we can add the full-grading information which captures how many times each variable is used at both the type-level and the computation-level:

id : (a : (.0, .2) Type 0) -> (x : (.1, .0) a) -> a
id = \a -> \x -> x

Grades are written in pairs where the first component is the computation-level grading and the second component is the type-level grading. Thus (a : (.0, .2) Type 0) -> ... is a dependent function type where a is used 0 times computationally and 2 times in the rest of the type.

More interesting examples can be found in the examples directory here and some in the paper.

You can see gerty's command line options by running gerty --help

$ gerty --help
----------------------------------------------------------------
Gerty v0.1.0 - graded modal dependent type theory
----------------------------------------------------------------

  --help                                    Show information on flags
  --version                                 Show version
  --tyc-optimise                            Apply grade-directed optimisation to type checking
  --benchmark                               Benchmarking: Timing on
  --trials                                  Benchmarking: Number of times to repeat type checking
  --silent                                  Run in silent mode
  --info                                    Run in more verbose mode
  --no-simplify-smt                         Don't simplify the SMT theorems
  --simplify-smt                            Simplify the SMT theorems
  --no-smt                                  Turn off SMT for type checking; use normalisation only
  --use-smt                                 Turn on SMT for type checking
  --debug                                   Run in debugging mode (mostly for devs)

Install instructions

You will need Z3 installed.

Binary releases are currently available for MacOS only. If you need a release for a different operation system then please open an issue and we will try to get that to you as soon as we can.

To build gerty from source, make sure you have Stack on your system.

Now run

 git clone https://github.com/granule-project/gerty \
 && cd gerty \
 && stack setup \
 && stack install

This will instance the gerty binary for you.

Development

Directory structure

  • src contains the majority of the source code for the project
  • tests/cases/legacy contains old examples and tests which are incompatible with the current format of the language (but may be reintroduced if certain language features are added)