diff --git a/.changelog/39190.txt b/.changelog/39190.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0c9db79a8a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/39190.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:bug
+resource/aws_ecr_repository_policy: Fix retry logic handling eventual consistency of newly created IAM roles
+```
diff --git a/internal/service/ecr/repository_policy.go b/internal/service/ecr/repository_policy.go
index 18bda9244de9..61388c2fcde9 100644
--- a/internal/service/ecr/repository_policy.go
+++ b/internal/service/ecr/repository_policy.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func resourceRepositoryPolicyPut(ctx context.Context, d *schema.ResourceData, me
 
 	_, err = tfresource.RetryWhenIsAErrorMessageContains[*types.InvalidParameterException](ctx, propagationTimeout, func() (interface{}, error) {
 		return conn.SetRepositoryPolicy(ctx, input)
-	}, "Invalid repository policy provided")
+	}, "Principal not found")
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return sdkdiag.AppendErrorf(diags, "putting ECR Repository Policy (%s): %s", repositoryName, err)