原文 https://medium.com/rubyinside/active-records-queries-tricks-2546181a98dd
# User model
scope :activated, ->{
joins(:profile).where(profiles: { activated: true })
}
更好的做法
# Profile model
scope :activated, ->{ where(activated: true) }
# User model
scope :activated, ->{ joins(:profile).merge(Profile.activated) }
关于 merge https://apidock.com/rails/ActiveRecord/SpawnMethods/merge https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/SpawnMethods.html
- User has_one Profile
- Profile has_many Skills
User.joins(:profiles).merge(Profile.joins(:skills))
=> SELECT users.* FROM users
INNER JOIN profiles ON profiles.user_id = users.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN skills ON skills.profile_id = profiles.id
# So you'd rather use:
User.joins(profiles: :skills)
=> SELECT users.* FROM users
INNER JOIN profiles ON profiles.user_id = users.id
INNER JOIN skills ON skills.profile_id = profiles.id
内链接和外连接
存在和不存在
# Post
scope :famous, ->{ where("view_count > ?", 1_000) }
# User
scope :without_famous_post, ->{
where(_not_exists(Post.where("posts.user_id = users.id").famous))
}
def self._not_exists(scope)
"NOT #{_exists(scope)}"
end
def self._exists(scope)
"EXISTS(#{scope.to_sql})"
end
比如查询部分用户(user)的帖子(post)
不好的做法
Post.where(user_id: User.created_last_month.pluck(:id))
这里的缺陷是将运行两个SQL查询:一个用于获取用户的ID,另一个用于从这些user_id获取帖子
这样写一个查询就可以了
Post.where(user_id: User.created_last_month)
.to_sql 生成 SQL 语句字符串 .explain 获取查询分析
对于User.where.not(tall: true)
在pg下会生成
SELECT users.* FROM users WHERE users.tall <> 't'
这返回 tall 是 false 的 记录,不包括是null 的
包括null应该这么写
User.where("users.tall IS NOT TRUE")
or
User.where(tall: [false, nil])