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sensor.py
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"""Utilities for SAR sensor parameters."""
############################################################
# Program is part of MintPy #
# Copyright (c) 2013, Zhang Yunjun, Heresh Fattahi #
# Author: Zhang Yunjun, 2016 #
############################################################
# Recommend import:
# from mintpy.objects import sensor
import os
SENSOR_NAME_VARIATION = {
'alos' : ['alos', 'alos1', 'palsar', 'palsar1'],
'alos2' : ['alos2', 'palsar2'],
'alos4' : ['alos4', 'palsar3'],
'csk' : ['csk', 'csk1', 'csk2', 'csk3', 'csk4', 'cos', 'cosmo', 'cosmoskymed'],
'env' : ['env', 'envisat', 'asar'],
'ers' : ['ers', 'ers1', 'ers2', 'ers12'],
'gf3' : ['gfen3', 'gaofen3', 'g3', 'gaofen'],
'jers' : ['jers', 'jers1'],
'ksat5' : ['ksat5', 'kompsat5', 'kompsat', 'kmps5'],
'lt1' : ['lt1', 'lt', 'lutan', 'lutan1'],
'ni' : ['ni', 'nisar'],
'rs1' : ['rs1', 'rsat', 'rsat1', 'radarsat', 'radarsat1'],
'rs2' : ['rs2', 'rsat2', 'radarsat2'],
'rcm' : ['rcm', 'rsatc', 'radarsat-constellation', 'radarsat-constellation-mission'],
'sen' : ['sen', 's1', 's1a', 's1b', 'sent1', 'sentinel1', 'sentinel1a', 'sentinel1b'],
'tsx' : ['tsx', 'terra', 'terrasar', 'terrasarx', 'tdx', 'tandemx'],
'uav' : ['uav', 'uavsar'],
}
# duplicated in mintpy.cli.prep_gamma
SENSOR_NAMES = list(SENSOR_NAME_VARIATION.keys())
########################### Util functions ###################################
def standardize_sensor_name(sensor_name):
""""""
# decode if encoded
try:
sensor_name = sensor_name.decode()
except (UnicodeDecodeError, AttributeError):
pass
# remove -_ and user lower case before standardize sensor names
sensor_name = sensor_name.replace('-', '').replace('_', '').lower()
if sensor_name in SENSOR_NAMES:
# if input name is already standardized, do nothing
pass
else:
# otherwise, check all the possible variations
for key, values in SENSOR_NAME_VARIATION.items():
if sensor_name in values:
sensor_name = key
else:
pass
return sensor_name
def project_name2sensor_name(proj_names):
"""Get sensor name from project_name or path
Parameters: proj_names : str or list of str, name or path of template file containing project name
Returns: sensor : str, SAR sensor name
proj_name : str, project name
Examples: ('Sen',
'AlcedoSenDT128') = project_name2sensor_name('AlcedoSenDT128')
('Env',
'GalapagosEnvA2T061') = project_name2sensor_name('~/insarlab/GalapagosEnvA2T061/'+
'mintpy/GalapagosEnvA2T061.template')
"""
sensor = None
proj_name = None
if isinstance(proj_names, str):
proj_names = [proj_names]
proj_names = [p for p in proj_names if p is not None]
# get proj_name if input is the path of template file
for proj_path in proj_names:
if any(s in proj_path.lower() for s in SENSOR_NAMES) and proj_name is None:
# exclude known words overlapping with sensor names
# ers: users
proj_path_segs = [p for p in proj_path.split(os.sep)
if p.lower() not in ['users']]
for proj_path_seg in proj_path_segs:
if any(s.capitalize() in proj_path_seg for s in SENSOR_NAMES):
proj_name = os.path.splitext(proj_path_seg)[0]
# proj_name --> sensor
if proj_name:
# potetial sensor names
# priority: captialized_case > all_upper_case > all_lower_case
sensors = [s.capitalize() for s in SENSOR_NAMES if s.capitalize() in proj_name]
if len(sensors) == 0:
sensors = [s.capitalize() for s in SENSOR_NAMES if s.upper() in proj_name]
if len(sensors) == 0:
sensors = [s.capitalize() for s in SENSOR_NAMES if s.lower() in proj_name]
if len(sensors) > 0:
# if more than one, i.e. ['Alos','Alos2'], use the last one
sensor = sorted(sensors)[-1]
else:
msg = f"No sensor name found in project_name: {proj_name}\n"
msg += f"Available sensor names: {SENSOR_NAMES}"
raise ValueError(msg)
return sensor, proj_name
def get_unavco_mission_name(meta_dict):
"""Get mission name in UNAVCO InSAR Archive format from attribute mission/PLATFORM
Parameters: meta_dict : dict, attributes
Returns: mission : str, mission name in standard UNAVCO format.
"""
mission_name = None
if 'mission' in meta_dict.keys():
value = meta_dict['mission'].lower()
elif 'PLATFORM' in meta_dict.keys():
value = meta_dict['PLATFORM'].lower()
else:
print('No PLATFORM nor mission attribute found, can not identify mission name.')
print('return None')
return mission_name
# Convert to UNAVCO Mission name
## ERS, ENV, S1, RS1, RS2, CSK, TSX, JERS, ALOS, ALOS2
if value.startswith(('alos', 'palsar')):
if value.endswith('2'):
mission_name = 'ALOS2'
else:
mission_name = 'ALOS'
elif value.startswith(('csk', 'cos')):
mission_name = 'CSK'
elif value.startswith(('env', 'asar')):
mission_name = 'ENV'
elif value.startswith('ers'):
mission_name = 'ERS'
elif value.startswith('jers'):
mission_name = 'JERS'
elif value.startswith(('rs', 'rsat', 'radarsat')):
mission_name = 'RS'
if value.endswith('1'):
mission_name += '1'
else:
mission_name += '2'
elif value.startswith(('s1', 'sen')):
mission_name = 'S1'
elif value.startswith(('tsx', 'tdx', 'terra', 'tandem')):
mission_name = 'TSX'
elif value.startswith('uav'):
mission_name = 'UAV'
else:
print('Un-recognized PLATFORM attribute:', value)
print('return None')
return mission_name
########################### Hardwired parameters #############################
## References:
# Giudici, D., A. Monti Guarnieri, and J. P. Cuesta Gonzalez (2017), Pre-Flight
# SAOCOM-1A SAR Performance Assessment by Outdoor Campaign, Remote Sensing, 9(7),
# 729, doi:10.3390/rs9070729.
# Guarnieri, A. M. (2013), Introduction to RADAR, Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento
# di Elettronica e Informazione, Milano.
# Kim, Y., and R. L. Jordan (2006), Spaceborne SAR Antennas for Earth Science,
# in Spaceborne Antennas for Planetary Exploration, edited by W. A. Imbriale,
# pp. 305-340, doi:10.1002/0470052783.ch6.
# Jung, H.-S., W.-J. Lee, and L. Zhang (2014), Theoretical accuracy of along-track
# displacement measurements from multiple-aperture interferometry (MAI), Sensors (Basel),
# 14(9), 17703-17724, doi:10.3390/s140917703.
# Zebker, H. A., C. L. Werner, P. A. Rosen, and S. Hensley (1994), Accuracy of topographic maps
# derived from ERS-1 interferometric radar, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on,
# 32(4), 823-836, doi:10.1109/36.298010.
## Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero (NESZ):
# ERS : SNR = 11.7 dB from Table 2 in Zebker et al. (1994)
# Envisat : SNR = 19.5 dB from Table 3.3 in Guarnieri (2013)
# Sentinel-1 : NESZ = -22 dB from Table 1 in https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/
# user-guides/sentinel-1-sar/acquisition-modes/interferometric-wide-swath
# JERS : SNR = 14 dB from https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/j/jers-1
##-------------------- X-band --------------------##
# TerraSAR-X stripmap mode in single polarization
# from Table 1 in Jung et al. (2014)
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/terrasar-x
TSX = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 514.8e3, # m, mean value, 505-533 km
'orbit_inclination' : 97.44, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 11, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 9.65e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 4.8, # m
'antenna_width' : 0.8, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 2770, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 3800, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 100e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 109.89e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 2.0, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 2.2, # m
}
# COSMO-SkyMed stripmap HIMAGE mode
# from Table 1 in Jung et al. (2014)
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/cosmo-skymed
CSK = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 619.6e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 97.86, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 16, # day, single satellite
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 9.6e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 5.7, # m
'antenna_width' : 1.4, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 2670, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 3000, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 117e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 146.25e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 2.4, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 1.6, # m
}
# Kompsat-5 (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-5) stripmap mode
# from Table 1 in Jung et al. (2014)
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/kompsat-5
KSAT5 = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 550e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 98.1, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 28, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 9.66e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 4.48, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 3110, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 3530, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 73.24e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 88.125e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 2.1, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 2.7, # m
}
# ICEYE SAR constellation
# from Table 2.1 in ICEYE SAR Product Guide at:
# https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/documents/20142/37627/ICEYE-SAR-Product-Guide-V4.pdf
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/iceye-constellation
ICEYE = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 570e3, # m, mean value, 560-580 km
'orbit_inclination' : 97.7, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 17, # day, single satellite
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 9.65e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 3.2, # m
'antenna_width' : 0.4, # m
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : [2e3, 10e3], # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : [37.6e6, 299e6], # Hz
}
##-------------------- C-band --------------------##
# ERS-1/2
# from Table 2 in Jung et al. (2014)
# from Imaging Radar class by Howard Zebker, 2021.
# https://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bullet83/duc83.htm
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/ers-1
ERS = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 785e3, # m, mean value, 782-785 km
'orbit_inclination' : 98.52, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 35, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.30e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 10.0, # m
'antenna_width' : 1.0, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 1500, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1679.9, # Hz
'pulse_length' : 37.12e-6, # s
'chirp_bandwidth' : 15.55e6, # Hz
'chirp_slope' : 4.189166e11, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 18.96e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 4.2, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 20.2, # m
}
# Envisat
# from Table 2 in Jung et al. (2014)
# https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/envisat/description
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/envisat#asar-advanced-sar
ENV = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 799.8e3, # m, mean value, 780-820 km
'orbit_inclination' : 98.55, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 35, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.331e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 10.0, # m
'antenna_width' : 1.3, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 1500, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1650, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 16.00e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 18.00e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 4.3, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 21.3, # m
}
# Radarsat-1
# https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat/technical-features/radarsat-comparison.asp
RSAT1 = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 807e3, # m, mean value, 793-821 km
'orbit_inclination' : 98.6, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 14, # day, 14.29 orbits per day (14 7/24)
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.3e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 15, # m
'antenna_width' : 1.5, # m
}
# Radarsat-2 stripmap ultra-fine mode
# from Table 2 in Jung et al. (2014)
RSAT2 = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 798e3, # m
'orbit_inclination' : 98.6, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 14, # day, 14.29 orbits per day (14 7/24)
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.405e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 6.55, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 2308, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 3637, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 78.16e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 112.68e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 2.2, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 2.1, # m
}
# Radarsat Constellation Mission
# https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat/technical-features/radarsat-comparison.asp
RCM = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 600.5e3, # m, mean value, 586-615 km
'orbit_inclination' : 97.74, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 14, # day, 14.92 orbits per day (14 11/12)
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.405e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 6.75, # m
'antenna_width' : 1.38, # m
}
# GaoFen-3
# Table 2 & 6 in https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/g/gaofen-3
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/gaofen-3
# Li et al. (2018, RS) at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10121929
# Table I in Yang et al. (2023, IEEE-TGRS) at https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3238707
GF3 = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 755e3, # m
'orbit_inclination' : 98.41, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 29, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.4e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 15, # m
'antenna_width' : 1.5, # m
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1412.18, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 60.00e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 533.33e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 4.77, # m, FSII mode
'range_pixel_size' : 2.25, # m, FSII mode
}
# Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide (IW / TOPS) swath mode
# Typical value:
# azfact = azResolution / azPixelSize = 1.46
# rgfact = rgResolution / rgPixelSize = 1.33
# reference:
# 1. Table 2 & Fig. 5d in Jung et al. (2014)
# 2. Table 3-1 & 7-5 in https://sentinel.esa.int/documents/247904/1877131/Sentinel-1-Product-Definition
SEN = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 705e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 98.18, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 12, # day, single satellite
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 5.405e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 12.3, # m
'antenna_width' : 0.82, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 380, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1717.13, # Hz, based on real data; 1000-3000 (programmable)
'chirp_bandwidth' : 56.50e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 64.35e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 14.1, # m, this is the ground azimuth pixel spacing, NOT on orbits!
'range_pixel_size' : 2.3, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 4.1, # m
'IW1' : {'range_resolution' : 2.7, 'azimuth_resolution': 22.5},
'IW2' : {'range_resolution' : 3.1, 'azimuth_resolution': 22.7},
'IW3' : {'range_resolution' : 3.5, 'azimuth_resolution': 22.6},
}
##-------------------- L-band --------------------##
# Seasat
# from Table 6-1 in Kim and Jordan (2006)
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/seasat
SEASAT = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 787e3, # m, mean value, 775-799 km
'orbit_inclination' : 108.0, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 17, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 1.275e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 10.74, # m
'antenna_width' : 2.16, # m
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1555, # Hz, 1463-1647
'chirp_bandwidth' : 19e6, # Hz
}
# JERS-1
# from Table 3 in Jung et al. (2014)
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/jers-1
JERS = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 568e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 97.7, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 44, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 1.275e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 11.92, # m
'antenna_width' : 2.2, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 1157, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1600, # Hz, 1505-1606
'chirp_bandwidth' : 15.00e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 17.10e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 4.3, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 13.9, # m
}
# ALOS PALSAR FBS (fine beam single polarization) mode
# from Table 3 in Jung et al. (2014)
# https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/alos/a1_about_e.htm
ALOS = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 691.65e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 98.16, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 46, # day, sub cycle: 2 days
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 1.270e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 8.9, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 1700, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 2160, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 28.00e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 32.00e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 3.5, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 7.4, # m
'range_pixel_size' : {
'stripmap_FBD' : 9.37, # m
'stripmap_FBS' : 4.68, # m
}
}
# ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 stripmap ultra-fine single polarization mode
# from Table 3 in Jung et al. (2014) and eoPortal Table 10-11.
# eoPortal: https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/alos-2
# Parameter Spotlight Stripmap ScanSAR
# ultrafine / high- / fine
# sensitive
# Bandwidth (MHz) 84 84 42 28 14
# Ground reso (m) 3 x 1 3 6 10 100
# Swath (km) 25 x 25 50 50 70 350
# (FP:30) (FP:30) (5 looks)
# Notes: FP for full polarization
ALOS2 = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 628e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 97.9, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 14, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 1.2575e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 9.9, # m
'antenna_width' : 2.9, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 1515, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 2000, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 84.0e6, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 100.0e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 3.8, # m
'ground_range_pixel_size' : 2.4, # m
'range_pixel_size' : {
'stripmap_ultrafine' : 1.43, # m
'stripmap_highsensitive' : 2.86, # m
'scansar_normal' : 8.58, # m
}
}
# ALOS-4 PALSAR-3
# https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/alos-4/a4_about_e.htm
ALOS4 = {
# orbit (same as ALOS-2)
'altitude' : 628e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 97.9, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 14, # day, (15-3/14 rev/day)
}
# SAOCOM-1A/B stripmap
# from Giudici et al. (2017) and
# https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/saocom
# https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/saocom
SAOCOM = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 619.6e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 97.86, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 16, # day, single satellite
# sar / antenna
'carrrier_frequency' : 1.27414e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 10, # m
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 4545, # Hz
'sampling_frequency' : 50.0e6, # Hz
}
# LuTan-1 (stripmap mode)
# Table 1 from Liu et al. (2022, EUSAR) at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9944327
# preliminary version: the azimuth bandwidth/frequency/pixelsize might change
LT1 = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 607e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 97.8, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 8, # day, single satellite
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 1.26e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 9.8, # m
'antenna_width' : 3.4, # m
'doppler_bandwidth' : 2544, # Hz
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 2934, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 60.0e6, # Hz
'azimuth_pixel_size' : 2.35, # m
'range_pixel_size' : 1.67, # m
'azimuth_resolution' : 7.15, # m
'range_resolution' : 2.50, # m
}
# NISAR
# https://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/system/documents/files/26_NISAR_FINAL_9-6-19.pdf
NISAR_L = {
# orbit
'altitude' : 747e3, # m, mean value
'orbit_inclination' : 98.4, # deg
'repeat_cycle' : 12, # day
# sar / antenna
'carrier_frequency' : 1.257e9, # Hz
'antenna_length' : 12, # m
'pulse_repetition_frequency' : 1650, # Hz
'chirp_bandwidth' : 80.0e6, # Hz
'range_pixel_size' : {
'24MHz' : 6.25, # m
'44MHz' : 3.41, # m
'80MHz' : 1.87, # m
}
}
SENSOR_DICT = {
# X-band
'tsx' : TSX,
'csk' : CSK,
'ksat5' : KSAT5,
'iceye' : ICEYE,
# C-band
'ers' : ERS,
'env' : ENV,
'sen' : SEN,
'rsat1' : RSAT1,
'rsat2' : RSAT2,
'rcm' : RCM,
'gf3' : GF3,
# L-band
'jers' : JERS,
'alos' : ALOS,
'alos2' : ALOS2,
'alos4' : ALOS4,
'lt1' : LT1,
'ni' : NISAR_L,
}