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spellcheck="false" type="text" id="local-search-input"></div></div><div id="local-search-result"></div></div></div></nav></div></header><main id="main" class="main"><div class="main-inner"><div class="content-wrap"><div id="content" class="content"><div id="posts" class="posts-expand"><article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="post-block"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.playpi.org/2019010601.html"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="虾丸派"><meta itemprop="description" content="记录知识 | 分享技术"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/favicon-1536x1536-playpi.png"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="虾丸派"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">使用 Gson 将 = 转为 u003d 的问题</h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-01-06T21:57:22+08:00">2019-01-06 </time></span><span class="post-category"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/basic-technical-knowledge/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">基础技术知识</span> </a></span></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv" style="display:none"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> 阅读次数 <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span><div class="post-wordcount"><span class="post-meta-item-text">字数统计</span> <span title="字数统计">890字 </span><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span title="阅读时长">4分钟</span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>今天遇到一个问题，实现 Web 后台接收 http 请求的一个方法，发现前端传过来的参数值，有一些特殊符号总是使用了 unicode 编码，例如等号 =，后台接收到的就是 \u003d，导致使用这个参数做 JSON 变换的时候就会出错。我看了一下这个参数取值，是前端直接填写的，而填写的人是从其它地方复制过来的，人为没有去改变，前端没有验证转换，导致传入后台的已经是这样了，那么后台只好自己想办法转换。</p><a id="more"></a><h1 id="问题解决"><a href="# 问题解决" class="headerlink" title="问题解决"></a>问题解决</h1><p>其实就是字符串还原操作，把 Java 字符串里面的 unicode 编码子串还原为原本的字符，例如把 \u003d 转为 = 这样。</p><p>自己实现一个工具类，做编码字符串和普通字符串的转换，可以解决这个问题。</p><p>单个编码转换，公共方法示例：<br></p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * unicode 转字符串 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> unicode 全为 Unicode 的字符串 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title">unicode2String</span><span class="params">(String unicode)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> StringBuffer string = <span class="keyword">new</span> StringBuffer ();</span><br><span class="line"> String [] hex = unicode.split (<span class="string">"\\\\u"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">1</span>; i < hex.length; i++) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 转换出每一个代码点 </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> data = Integer.parseInt (hex [i], <span class="number">16</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 追加成 string</span></span><br><span class="line"> string.append ((<span class="keyword">char</span>) data);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> string.toString ();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>整个字符串转换，公共方法示例：<br></p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 含有 unicode 的字符串转一般字符串 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> unicodeStr 混有 Unicode 的字符串 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title">unicodeStr2String</span><span class="params">(String unicodeStr)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> length = unicodeStr.length ();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> count = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 正则匹配条件，可匹配 \\u 1 到 4 位，一般是 4 位可直接使用 String regex = "\\\\u [a-f0-9A-F]{4}";</span></span><br><span class="line"> String regex = <span class="string">"\\\\u [a-f0-9A-F]{1,4}"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile (regex);</span><br><span class="line"> Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher (unicodeStr);</span><br><span class="line"> StringBuffer sb = <span class="keyword">new</span> StringBuffer ();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span> (matcher.find ()) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 原本的 Unicode 字符 </span></span><br><span class="line"> String oldChar = matcher.group ();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 转换为普通字符 </span></span><br><span class="line"> String newChar = unicode2String (oldChar);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> index = matcher.start ();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 添加前面不是 unicode 的字符 </span></span><br><span class="line"> sb.append (unicodeStr.substring (count, index));</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 添加转换后的字符 </span></span><br><span class="line"> sb.append (newChar);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 统计下标移动的位置 </span></span><br><span class="line"> count = index + oldChar.length ();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 添加末尾不是 Unicode 的字符 </span></span><br><span class="line"> sb.append (unicodeStr.substring (count, length));</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sb.toString ();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>调用示例：</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">String str = <span class="string">"ABCDEFG\\u003d"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println (<span class="string">"====unicode2String 工具转换:"</span> + unicodeStr2String (str));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>输出结果：</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">====unicode2String 工具转换：ABCDEFG=</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>截图示例：</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/old/b7f2e3a3gy1fyyep0kwtgj20yv0kk0ug.jpg" alt="自己转换" title="自己转换"></p><h1 id="问题后续"><a href="# 问题后续" class="headerlink" title="问题后续"></a>问题后续</h1><p>后续我又在想，这个字符串到底是怎么来的，为什么填写的人会复制出来这样一个字符串，一般 unicode 编码不会出现在日常生活中的。我接着发现这个字符串是从另外一个系统导出的，导出的时候是一个类似于 Java 实体类的 JSON 格式字符串，从里面复制出来这个值，就是 \u003d 格式的。</p><p>那我觉得肯定是这个系统有问题，做 JSON 序列化的时候没有控制好序列化的方式，导致对于特殊字符就会自动转为 unicode 编码，给他人带来麻烦，当然，我无法得知系统内部做了什么，但是猜测可能是使用 Gson 工具做序列化的时候没有正确使用 Gson 的对象，只是简单的生成 JSON 字符串而已，例如看我下面的代码示例（等号 = 会被转为 \u003d）。</p><p>使用普通的</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Gson gson1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Gson ();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>会导致后续转换 JSON 字符串的时候出现 unicode 编码子串的情况，而正确生成 Gson 对象</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Gson gson2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> GsonBuilder ().disableHtmlEscaping ().create ();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>则不会出现这种情况。</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/old/b7f2e3a3gy1fyyeompqqcj20zr0k3jt4.jpg" alt="正确使用 Gson" title="正确使用 Gson"></p></div><div><div id="wechat_subscriber" style="display:block;padding:10px 0;margin:20px auto;width:100%;text-align:center"><img id="wechat_subscriber_qcode" src="/images/wechat-qr-personal.jpg" alt="虾丸派 wechat" style="width:200px;max-width:100%"><div>扫一扫添加博主，进技术交流群，共同学习进步</div></div></div><div><div style="padding:10px 0;margin:20px auto;width:90%;text-align:center"><div>永不止步</div><button id="rewardButton" disable="enable" onclick='var qr=document.getElementById("QR");"none"===qr.style.display?qr.style.display="block":qr.style.display="none"'><span>打赏</span></button><div 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