diff --git a/bin/cmd.js b/bin/cmd.js
index d95de15..6e0aa8d 100755
--- a/bin/cmd.js
+++ b/bin/cmd.js
@@ -1,33 +1,68 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
-var mkdirp = require('../');
-var minimist = require('minimist');
-var fs = require('fs');
-
-var argv = minimist(process.argv.slice(2), {
-    alias: { m: 'mode', h: 'help' },
-    string: [ 'mode' ]
-});
-if (argv.help) {
-    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/usage.txt').pipe(process.stdout);
-    return;
-}
+const usage = () => `
+usage: mkdirp [DIR1,DIR2..] {OPTIONS}
+
+  Create each supplied directory including any necessary parent directories
+  that don't yet exist.
+
+  If the directory already exists, do nothing.
+
+OPTIONS are:
+
+  -m<mode>       If a directory needs to be created, set the mode as an octal
+  --mode=<mode>  permission string.
+
+  -v --version   Print the mkdirp version number
 
-var paths = argv._.slice();
-var mode = argv.mode ? parseInt(argv.mode, 8) : undefined;
-
-(function next () {
-    if (paths.length === 0) return;
-    var p = paths.shift();
-    
-    if (mode === undefined) mkdirp(p, cb)
-    else mkdirp(p, mode, cb)
-    
-    function cb (err) {
-        if (err) {
-            console.error(err.message);
-            process.exit(1);
-        }
-        else next();
+  -h --help      Print this helpful banner
+
+  -p --print     Print the first directories created for each path provided
+
+  --manual       Use manual implementation, even if native is available
+`
+
+const dirs = []
+const opts = {}
+let print = false
+let dashdash = false
+let manual = false
+for (const arg of process.argv.slice(2)) {
+  if (dashdash)
+    dirs.push(arg)
+  else if (arg === '--')
+    dashdash = true
+  else if (arg === '--manual')
+    manual = true
+  else if (/^-h/.test(arg) || /^--help/.test(arg)) {
+    console.log(usage())
+    process.exit(0)
+  } else if (arg === '-v' || arg === '--version') {
+    console.log(require('../package.json').version)
+    process.exit(0)
+  } else if (arg === '-p' || arg === '--print') {
+    print = true
+  } else if (/^-m/.test(arg) || /^--mode=/.test(arg)) {
+    const mode = parseInt(arg.replace(/^(-m|--mode=)/, ''), 8)
+    if (isNaN(mode)) {
+      console.error(`invalid mode argument: ${arg}\nMust be an octal number.`)
+      process.exit(1)
     }
-})();
+    opts.mode = mode
+  } else
+    dirs.push(arg)
+}
+
+const mkdirp = require('../')
+const impl = manual ? mkdirp.manual : mkdirp
+if (dirs.length === 0)
+  console.error(usage())
+
+Promise.all(dirs.map(dir => impl(dir, opts)))
+  .then(made => print ? made.forEach(m => m && console.log(m)) : null)
+  .catch(er => {
+    console.error(er.message)
+    if (er.code)
+      console.error('  code: ' + er.code)
+    process.exit(1)
+  })
diff --git a/bin/usage.txt b/bin/usage.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index f952aa2..0000000
--- a/bin/usage.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-usage: mkdirp [DIR1,DIR2..] {OPTIONS}
-
-  Create each supplied directory including any necessary parent directories that
-  don't yet exist.
-  
-  If the directory already exists, do nothing.
-
-OPTIONS are:
-
-  -m, --mode   If a directory needs to be created, set the mode as an octal
-               permission string.
-
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 6ce241b..ad7a16c 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -1,98 +1,31 @@
-var path = require('path');
-var fs = require('fs');
-var _0777 = parseInt('0777', 8);
+const optsArg = require('./lib/opts-arg.js')
+const pathArg = require('./lib/path-arg.js')
 
-module.exports = mkdirP.mkdirp = mkdirP.mkdirP = mkdirP;
+const {mkdirpNative, mkdirpNativeSync} = require('./lib/mkdirp-native.js')
+const {mkdirpManual, mkdirpManualSync} = require('./lib/mkdirp-manual.js')
+const {useNative, useNativeSync} = require('./lib/use-native.js')
 
-function mkdirP (p, opts, f, made) {
-    if (typeof opts === 'function') {
-        f = opts;
-        opts = {};
-    }
-    else if (!opts || typeof opts !== 'object') {
-        opts = { mode: opts };
-    }
-    
-    var mode = opts.mode;
-    var xfs = opts.fs || fs;
-    
-    if (mode === undefined) {
-        mode = _0777 & (~process.umask());
-    }
-    if (!made) made = null;
-    
-    var cb = f || function () {};
-    p = path.resolve(p);
-    
-    xfs.mkdir(p, mode, function (er) {
-        if (!er) {
-            made = made || p;
-            return cb(null, made);
-        }
-        switch (er.code) {
-            case 'ENOENT':
-                mkdirP(path.dirname(p), opts, function (er, made) {
-                    if (er) cb(er, made);
-                    else mkdirP(p, opts, cb, made);
-                });
-                break;
 
-            // In the case of any other error, just see if there's a dir
-            // there already.  If so, then hooray!  If not, then something
-            // is borked.
-            default:
-                xfs.stat(p, function (er2, stat) {
-                    // if the stat fails, then that's super weird.
-                    // let the original error be the failure reason.
-                    if (er2 || !stat.isDirectory()) cb(er, made)
-                    else cb(null, made);
-                });
-                break;
-        }
-    });
+const mkdirp = (path, opts) => {
+  path = pathArg(path)
+  opts = optsArg(opts)
+  return useNative(opts)
+    ? mkdirpNative(path, opts)
+    : mkdirpManual(path, opts)
 }
 
-mkdirP.sync = function sync (p, opts, made) {
-    if (!opts || typeof opts !== 'object') {
-        opts = { mode: opts };
-    }
-    
-    var mode = opts.mode;
-    var xfs = opts.fs || fs;
-    
-    if (mode === undefined) {
-        mode = _0777 & (~process.umask());
-    }
-    if (!made) made = null;
-
-    p = path.resolve(p);
-
-    try {
-        xfs.mkdirSync(p, mode);
-        made = made || p;
-    }
-    catch (err0) {
-        switch (err0.code) {
-            case 'ENOENT' :
-                made = sync(path.dirname(p), opts, made);
-                sync(p, opts, made);
-                break;
+const mkdirpSync = (path, opts) => {
+  path = pathArg(path)
+  opts = optsArg(opts)
+  return useNativeSync(opts)
+    ? mkdirpNativeSync(path, opts)
+    : mkdirpManualSync(path, opts)
+}
 
-            // In the case of any other error, just see if there's a dir
-            // there already.  If so, then hooray!  If not, then something
-            // is borked.
-            default:
-                var stat;
-                try {
-                    stat = xfs.statSync(p);
-                }
-                catch (err1) {
-                    throw err0;
-                }
-                if (!stat.isDirectory()) throw err0;
-                break;
-        }
-    }
+mkdirp.sync = mkdirpSync
+mkdirp.native = (path, opts) => mkdirpNative(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+mkdirp.manual = (path, opts) => mkdirpManual(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+mkdirp.nativeSync = (path, opts) => mkdirpNativeSync(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
+mkdirp.manualSync = (path, opts) => mkdirpManualSync(pathArg(path), optsArg(opts))
 
-    return made;
-};
+module.exports = mkdirp
diff --git a/lib/find-made.js b/lib/find-made.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..022e492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/find-made.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+const {dirname} = require('path')
+
+const findMade = (opts, parent, path = undefined) => {
+  // we never want the 'made' return value to be a root directory
+  if (path === parent)
+    return Promise.resolve()
+
+  return opts.statAsync(parent).then(
+    st => st.isDirectory() ? path : undefined, // will fail later
+    er => er.code === 'ENOENT'
+      ? findMade(opts, dirname(parent), parent)
+      : undefined
+  )
+}
+
+const findMadeSync = (opts, parent, path = undefined) => {
+  if (path === parent)
+    return undefined
+
+  try {
+    return opts.statSync(parent).isDirectory() ? path : undefined
+  } catch (er) {
+    return er.code === 'ENOENT'
+      ? findMadeSync(opts, dirname(parent), parent)
+      : undefined
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {findMade, findMadeSync}
diff --git a/lib/mkdirp-manual.js b/lib/mkdirp-manual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..703b3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mkdirp-manual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+const {dirname} = require('path')
+
+const mkdirpManual = (path, opts, made) => {
+  opts.recursive = false
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  if (parent === path) {
+    return opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts).catch(er => {
+      // swallowed by recursive implementation on posix systems
+      // any other error is a failure
+      if (er.code !== 'EISDIR')
+        throw er
+    })
+  }
+
+  return opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts).then(() => made || path, er => {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return mkdirpManual(parent, opts)
+        .then(made => mkdirpManual(path, opts, made))
+    if (er.code !== 'EEXIST')
+      throw er
+    return opts.statAsync(path).then(st => {
+      if (st.isDirectory())
+        return made
+      else
+        throw er
+    }, () => { throw er })
+  })
+}
+
+const mkdirpManualSync = (path, opts, made) => {
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  opts.recursive = false
+
+  if (parent === path) {
+    try {
+      return opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+    } catch (er) {
+      // swallowed by recursive implementation on posix systems
+      // any other error is a failure
+      if (er.code !== 'EISDIR')
+        throw er
+      else
+        return
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+    return made || path
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return mkdirpManualSync(path, opts, mkdirpManualSync(parent, opts, made))
+    if (er.code !== 'EEXIST')
+      throw er
+    try {
+      if (!opts.statSync(path).isDirectory())
+        throw er
+    } catch (_) {
+      throw er
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {mkdirpManual, mkdirpManualSync}
diff --git a/lib/mkdirp-native.js b/lib/mkdirp-native.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7a6b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mkdirp-native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+const {dirname} = require('path')
+const {findMade, findMadeSync} = require('./find-made.js')
+const {mkdirpManual, mkdirpManualSync} = require('./mkdirp-manual.js')
+
+const mkdirpNative = (path, opts) => {
+  opts.recursive = true
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  if (parent === path)
+    return opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts)
+
+  return findMade(opts, path).then(made =>
+    opts.mkdirAsync(path, opts).then(() => made)
+    .catch(er => {
+      if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+        return mkdirpManual(path, opts)
+      else
+        throw er
+    }))
+}
+
+const mkdirpNativeSync = (path, opts) => {
+  opts.recursive = true
+  const parent = dirname(path)
+  if (parent === path)
+    return opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+
+  const made = findMadeSync(opts, path)
+  try {
+    opts.mkdirSync(path, opts)
+    return made
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code === 'ENOENT')
+      return mkdirpManualSync(path, opts)
+    else
+      throw er
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {mkdirpNative, mkdirpNativeSync}
diff --git a/lib/opts-arg.js b/lib/opts-arg.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488bd44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/opts-arg.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const { promisify } = require('util')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const optsArg = opts => {
+  if (!opts)
+    opts = { mode: 0o777 & (~process.umask()), fs }
+  else if (typeof opts === 'object')
+    opts = { mode: 0o777 & (~process.umask()), fs, ...opts }
+  else if (typeof opts === 'number')
+    opts = { mode: opts, fs }
+  else if (typeof opts === 'string')
+    opts = { mode: parseInt(opts, 8), fs }
+  else
+    throw new TypeError('invalid options argument')
+
+  opts.mkdir = opts.mkdir || opts.fs.mkdir || fs.mkdir
+  opts.mkdirAsync = promisify(opts.mkdir)
+  opts.stat = opts.stat || opts.fs.stat || fs.stat
+  opts.statAsync = promisify(opts.stat)
+  opts.statSync = opts.statSync || opts.fs.statSync || fs.statSync
+  opts.mkdirSync = opts.mkdirSync || opts.fs.mkdirSync || fs.mkdirSync
+  return opts
+}
+module.exports = optsArg
diff --git a/lib/path-arg.js b/lib/path-arg.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc07de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/path-arg.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+const platform = process.env.__TESTING_MKDIRP_PLATFORM__ || process.platform
+const { resolve, parse } = require('path')
+const pathArg = path => {
+  if (/\0/.test(path)) {
+    // simulate same failure that node raises
+    throw Object.assign(
+      new TypeError('path must be a string without null bytes'),
+      {
+        path,
+        code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE',
+      }
+    )
+  }
+
+  path = resolve(path)
+  if (platform === 'win32') {
+    const badWinChars = /[*|"<>?:]/
+    const {root} = parse(path)
+    if (badWinChars.test(path.substr(root.length))) {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error('Illegal characters in path.'), {
+        path,
+        code: 'EINVAL',
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return path
+}
+module.exports = pathArg
diff --git a/lib/use-native.js b/lib/use-native.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..079361d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/use-native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+const fs = require('fs')
+
+const version = process.env.__TESTING_MKDIRP_NODE_VERSION__ || process.version
+const versArr = version.replace(/^v/, '').split('.')
+const hasNative = +versArr[0] > 10 || +versArr[0] === 10 && +versArr[1] >= 12
+
+const useNative = !hasNative ? () => false : opts => opts.mkdir === fs.mkdir
+const useNativeSync = !hasNative ? () => false : opts => opts.mkdirSync === fs.mkdirSync
+
+module.exports = {useNative, useNativeSync}