createEmpiricalNetworks.r

library(tm)
library(igraph)
library(ngram)

allEmpirical <-Corpus(DirSource("textsEmpirical", encoding="UTF-8"), readerControl = list(language="lat")) 
allEmpirical<-tm_map(allEmpirical,tolower)
allEmpirical<-tm_map(allEmpirical,removePunctuation)
allEmpirical<-tm_map(allEmpirical,stripWhitespace)

##synonymous words
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<accompanies\\>|\\<accompanying\\>)", replacement = "accompanied")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "accordingly", replacement = "according")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<achieve2013\\>|\\<achieving\\>)", replacement = "achieve")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<acknowledged\\>|\\<acknowledges\\>)", replacement = "acknowledge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<acquisition\\>|\\<acquiring\\>|\\<acquired\\>)", replacement = "acquire")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<acting\\>|\\<acted\\>|\\<acts\\>)", replacement = "act")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "actions", replacement = "action")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "actively", replacement = "active")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "activities", replacement = "activity")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<actuality\\>|\\<actually\\>)", replacement = "actual")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "adaptively", replacement = "adaptable")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<additionally\\>|\\<additional\\>|\\<addition\\>|\\<adding\\>|\\<added\\>)", replacement = "add")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<addressing\\>|\\<addressed\\>)", replacement = "address")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "adults", replacement = "adult")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "advancing", replacement = "advance")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "aesthetically", replacement = "aesthetic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "ages", replacement = "age")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "agreement", replacement = "agree")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<aimed\\>|\\<aims\\>)", replacement = "aim")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<allowing\\>|\\<allowed\\>|\\<allows\\>)", replacement = "allow")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "alongside", replacement = "along")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<analysis\\>|\\<analyses\\>|\\<analysed\\>|\\<analytical\\>|\\<analytic\\>|\\<analyze\\>|\\<analyzing\\>)", replacement = "analyse")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<answered\\>|\\<answering\\>|\\<answers\\>)", replacement = "answer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "appearance", replacement = "appear")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "applications", replacement = "application")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<applicable\\>|\\<applying\\>|\\<applied\\>)", replacement = "apply")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "approaches", replacement = "approach")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<appropriately\\>|\\<appropriateness\\>)", replacement = "appropriate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<argumentation\\>|\\<arguments\\>|\\<argument\\>|\\<argues\\>|\\<argued\\>)", replacement = "argue")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<arisen\\>|\\<arises\\>|\\<arising\\>)", replacement="arise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<articulated\\>|\\<articulating\\>)",replacement="articulate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "artifacts", replacement = "artifact")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<asking\\>|\\<asks\\>)",  replacement = "ask")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "aspects", replacement = "aspect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<assigned\\>|\\<assigning\\>)", replacement = "assign")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<associating\\>|\\<associated\\>|\\<association\\>)",replacement = "associate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<assumption\\>|\\<assumptions\\>)",replacement = "assume")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "attributed", replacement="attribute")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<became\\>|\\<becomes\\>|\\<becoming\\>)", replacement="become")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<beginning\\>|\\<begins\\>)", replacement="begin")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "behaviors", replacement="behavior")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "attributed", replacement="attribute")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<beliefs\\>|\\<believed\\>)", replacement="belief")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "books", replacement="book")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "broader", replacement="broad")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<built\\>|\\<builds\\>)", replacement="build")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "capabilities", replacement="capability")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<carrying\\>|\\<carried\\>|\\<carries\\>)", replacement="carry")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<categorization\\>|\\<classification\\>|\\<categorizing\\>|\\<categorized\\>|\\<categorize\\>|\\<classified\\>|\\<categories\\>|\\<classify\\>|\\<category\\>)", replacement="category_classify")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<centered\\>|\\<centred\\>|\\<centre\\>)", replacement="center")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "centrality", replacement="central")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<challenging\\>|\\<challenged\\>|\\<challenges\\>)", replacement="challenge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "changes\\>|\\<changed", replacement="change")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "characteristics", replacement="characteristic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<childs\\>|\\<child's\\>|\\<children\\>|\\<children's\\>|\\<childrens\\>)", replacement="child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<choices\\>|\\<choosing\\>|\\<choose\\>|\\<chosen\\>|\\<chose\\>)", replacement="choice")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<claimed\\>|\\<claims\\>)", replacement="claim")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "classes", replacement="class")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "classrooms", replacement="classroom")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<coconstructing\\>|\\<coconstructors\\>|\\<coconstruction\\>)", replacement="coconstruct")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "cognitively", replacement="cognitive")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<collaborating\\>|\\<collaborations\\>|\\<collaboration\\>|\\<collaboratively\\>|\\<collaborative\\>|\\<collaborative\\>|\\<collaborators\\>|\\<collaborate\\>)", replacement="collaborate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<collecting\\>|\\<collection\\>|\\<collected\\>)", replacement="collect") #\\>|\\<collective ??
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<combination\\>|\\<combining\\>|\\<combined\\>)", replacement="combine")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "comes", replacement="come")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<communicate\\>|\\<communicating\\>|\\<communication\\>|\\<communicative\\>|\\<communicators\\>)", replacement="communicate") #\\>|\\<communities ??
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<communitybased\\>|\\<communities\\>)", replacement="community")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "comparison", replacement="compare")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "completing\\>|\\<completion", replacement="complete")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<complexities\\>|\\<complexity\\>)", replacement="complexity")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "components", replacement="component")	
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<comprised\\>|\\<comprises\\>)", replacement="comprise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "computers", replacement="computer")	
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<conceptualization\\>|\\<conceptualizing\\>|\\<conceptualized\\>|\\<conceptually\\>|\\<conceptualize\\>|\\<conceptions\\>|\\<conception\\>|\\<conceptual\\>|\\<concepts\\>)", replacement="concept")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<concerning\\>|\\<concerned\\>|\\<concerns\\>)", replacement="concern")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<concluding\\>|\\<conclusions\\>|\\<concluded\\>|\\<conclude\\>)", replacement="conclusion")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<conducting\\>|\\<conducted\\>)", replacement="conduct")	
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<confirmation\\>|\\<confirmed\\>)", replacement="confirm")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "conflicts", replacement="conflict")	
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "conjectures", replacement="conjecture")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<connections\\>|\\<connection\\>|\\<connected\\>|\\<connects\\>)", replacement="connect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<consideration\\>|\\<considered\\>|\\<considers\\>)", replacement="consider")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<consistently\\>|\\<consistency\\>)", replacement="consistent")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<consists\\>|\\<consisted\\>|\\<consisting\\>)", replacement="consist")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<constituted\\>|\\<constitutes\\>|\\<constituent\\>)", replacement="constitute")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<constructing\\>|\\<constructive\\>|\\<construction\\>|\\<constructed\\>|\\<constructs\\>)", replacement="construct")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "constructivist", replacement="constructivism")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<contexts'\\>|\\<contexts\\>|\\<context'\\>)", replacement="context")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<contextsensitive'\\>|\\<contextualized\\>)", replacement="contextual")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<continuously\\>|\\<continually\\>|\\<continuing\\>|\\<continued\\>)", replacement="continue")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<conversational\\>|\\<conversations\\>)", replacement="conversation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "correctly", replacement="correct")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<creating\\>|\\<created\\>|\\<creates\\>)", replacement="create")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "creativity", replacement="creative")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "criteria", replacement="criterion")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "critically", replacement="critical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<curricula\\>|\\<curricular\\>)", replacement="curriculum")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cyclical\\>|\\<cyclic\\>)", replacement="cycle")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "dealing", replacement="deal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "debates", replacement="debate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<decisionmaking\\>|\\<decisions\\>|\\<deciding\\>|\\<decided\\>)", replacement="decision")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<deepened\\>|\\<deepening\\>|\\<deeper\\>|\\<deeply\\>|\\<deepen\\>)", replacement="deep")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<definitions\\>|\\<defining\\>|\\<defined\\>)", replacement="define") #ok?
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "degrees", replacement="degree")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<demonstration\\>|\\<demonstrated\\>|\\<demonstrating\\>|\\<demonstrates\\>)", replacement="demonstrate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<depending\\>|\\<dependence\\>|\\<dependent\\>|\\<depends\\>)", replacement="depend")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<depiction\\>|\\<depicts\\>)", replacement="depict")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<descriptions\\>|\\<descriptively\\>|\\<description\\>|\\<describing\\>|\\<described\\>|\\<describes\\>|\\<describe\\>)", replacement="describe_ption")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<designing\\>|\\<designed\\>)", replacement="design")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "detailed", replacement="detail")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<detection\\>|\\<detecting\\>)", replacement="detect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "determinate", replacement="determine")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<developmentally\\>|\\<developmental\\>|\\<development\\>|\\<developing\\>|\\<developed\\>|\\<develops\\>)", replacement="develop")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<johndewey\\>|\\<dewey1991p108\\>|\\<dewey1956pp47-48\\>|\\<dewey1910\\>|\\<deweys\\>)", replacement="dewey")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<difference\\>|\\<differences\\>|\\<differ\\>)", replacement="different")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<difficulty\\>|\\<dificult\\>)", replacement="difficult")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<dimensions\\>)", replacement="dimension")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<discipline\\>|\\<disciplines\\>)", replacement="discipline")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<discoveries\\>|\\<discovering\\>|\\<discovery\\>)", replacement="discover")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<discussed\\>|\\<discussing\\>|\\<discussions\\>|\\<discussion\\>)", replacement="discuss")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<display\\>|\\<displaying\\>)", replacement="display")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<distinction\\>|\\<distinctions\\>)", replacement="distinction")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<distinguish\\>|\\<distinguished\\>)", replacement="distinguish")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<domain\\>|\\<domains\\>|\\<domainspecific\\>)", replacement="domain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<drawings\\>|\\<drawing\\>|\\<drawn\\>|\\<draws\\>)", replacement="draw")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<earlier\\>|\\<early\\>)", replacement="early")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<easier\\>|\\<easily\\>)", replacement="easy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<educated\\>|\\<educational\\>|\\<education\\>|\\<educative\\>)", replacement="education")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<effectively\\>|\\<effectiveness\\>|\\<effective\\>|\\<effected\\>|\\<effects\\>)", replacement="effect")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<elaborated\\>|\\<elaborating\\>|\\<elaboration\\>)", replacement="elaborate")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<embedded\\>|\\<embedding\\>|\\<embeds\\>)", replacement="embed")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<emergent\\>|\\<emerges\\>|\\<emerging\\>)", replacement="emerge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<emphasise\\>|\\<emphasized\\>|\\<emphasizes\\>|\\<emphasizing\\>|\\<emphasis\\>)", replacement="emphasize")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<employed\\>|\\<employing\\>)", replacement="employ")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<enables\\>|\\<enabling\\>)", replacement="enable")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<encouraged encourages\\>|\\<encouraging\\>)", replacement="encourage")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<engaged engagement\\>|\\<engages\\>|\\<engaging\\>)", replacement="engage")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "ends", replacement="end")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<enhancements\\>|\\<enhancing\\>)", replacement="enhance")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<entities\\>)", replacement="entity")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<environments\\>|\\<environments\\>)", replacement="environment")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<epistemologically\\>|\\<epistemological\\>)", replacement="epistemic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<established\\>|\\<establishing\\>)", replacement="establish")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<evaluated\\>|\\<evaluating\\>|\\<evaluations\\>|\\<evaluation\\>)", replacement="evaluate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "eshachfried2005p327", replacement="eshachfried2005")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<examined\\>|\\<examines\\>|\\<examining\\>)", replacement="examine")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<expansion\\>)", replacement="expand")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<experiences\\>)", replacement="experience")#|\\<experiential\\>
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<experimental\\>|\\<experimentation\\>|\\<experimenting\\>|\\<experimented\\>|\\<experiments\\>)", replacement="experiment")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<explained\\>|\\<explaining\\>|\\<explains\\>)", replacement="explain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<explanations\\>|\\<explanatory\\>)", replacement="explanation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<explicitly\\>)", replacement="explicit")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<explorations\\>|\\<exploration\\>|\\<exploratory\\>|\\<explored\\>|\\<exploring\\>|\\<explores\\>)", replacement="explore")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<expressed\\>|\\<expressing\\>|\\<expression\\>)", replacement="express")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<extended\\>|\\<extending\\>|\\<extends\\>)", replacement="extend")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<facilitated\\>|\\<facilitates\\>|\\<facilitating\\>|\\<facilitators\\>|\\<facilitator\\>)", replacement="facilitate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<facts\\>|\\<factual\\>)", replacement="fact")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<familiar\\>|\\<family\\>)", replacement="family")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<features\\>)", replacement="feature")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<finding\\>|\\<findings\\>)", replacement="find")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<floating\\>)", replacement="float")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<foci\\>|\\<focused\\>|\\<focuses\\>|\\<focusing\\>)", replacement="focus")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<followed\\>|\\<following\\>)", replacement="follow")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<forms\\>)", replacement="form")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<formally\\>)", replacement="formal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<formats\\>)", replacement="format")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<formulating\\>|\\<formulation\\>)", replacement="formulate")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<framed\\>|\\<frames\\>)", replacement="frame")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<frameworks\\>)", replacement="framework")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<freedom\\>)", replacement="free")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<french2004p147\\>)", replacement="french2004")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<fully\\>)", replacement="full")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<functioning\\>|\\<functions\\>)", replacement="function")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gained\\>|\\<gaining\\>)", replacement="gain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gathering\\>)", replacement="gather")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<generalization\\>|\\<generalizing\\>)", replacement="general")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<generated\\>|\\<generates\\>|\\<generatingd\\>|\\<generating\\>)", replacement="generate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<get\\>)", replacement="get")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gave\\>|\\<given\\>|\\<gives\\>|\\<giving\\>)", replacement="give")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<goal-orientated\\>|\\<goals\\>|\\<goaloriented\\>)", replacement="goal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<grades\\>)", replacement="grade")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<grain'\\>|\\<grained\\>)", replacement="grain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<greater\\>|\\<greatly\\>)", replacement="great")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<grounds\\>)", replacement="grounded")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<grouped\\>|\\<groups\\>)", replacement="group")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<guidance\\>|\\<guided\\>|\\<guidelines\\>|\\<guides\\>|\\<guiding\\>)", replacement="guide")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<higher\\>|\\<highly\\>)", replacement="high")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<hypotheses\\>|\\<hypothesizing\\>|\\<hypothesized\\>)", replacement="hypothesis")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ideas\\>)", replacement="idea")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<identifiable\\>|\\<identification\\>|\\<identified\\>|\\<identifying\\>|\\<identifies\\>)", replacement="identify")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<implies\\>)", replacement="imply")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<importance\\>)", replacement="important")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<included\\>|\\<includes\\>|\\<including\\>|\\<inclusion\\>)", replacement="include")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<incorporates\\>|\\<incorporation\\>)", replacement="incorporate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<increased\\>|\\<increases\\>|\\<increasing\\>|\\<increasingly\\>)", replacement="increase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<independence\\>|\\<independently\\>)", replacement="independent")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<indicated\\>|\\<indicates\\>)", replacement="indicate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<individual's\\>|\\<individuals\\>)", replacement="individual")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<inferences\\>|\\<inference\\>|\\<inferring\\>)", replacement="infer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<influenced\\>|\\<influential\\>)", replacement="influence")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<informative\\>|\\<informed\\>)", replacement="inform")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<initially\\>)", replacement="initial")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<initiating\\>)", replacement="initiate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<inquirer\\>|\\<inquiries\\>|\\<inquiring\\>|\\<inquirybased\\>)", replacement="inquiry")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<inspired\\>|\\<inspiring\\>)", replacement="inspire")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<instances\\>)", replacement="instance")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<instructional\\>|\\<instructionally\\>|\\<instructions\\>)", replacement="instruction") 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<integrated\\>|\\<integrating\\>|\\<integration\\>)", replacement="integrate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<intentionally\\>|\\<intentions\\>|\\<intented\\>)", replacement="intent")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<interacting\\>|\\<interactions\\>|\\<interact\\>|\\<interacted\\>)", replacement="interaction")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<interpretively\\>|\\<interpretations\\>|\\<interpretation\\>|\\<interpreted\\>|\\<interpreting\\>|\\<interprets\\>)", replacement="interpret")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<introduced\\>|\\<introduces\\>|\\<introducing\\>|\\<introduction\\>)", replacement="introduce")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<investigating\\>|\\<investigations\\>|\\<investigation\\>|\\<investigated\\>)", replacement="investigate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<involved\\>|\\<involves\\>|\\<involving\\>)", replacement="involve")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<judging\\>|\\<judgments\\>)", replacement="judge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<kindergarteners\\>|\\<kindergartners\\>)", replacement="kindergartener")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<kinds\\>)", replacement="kind")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<knew\\>|\\<knowing\\>|\\<known\\>|\\<knows\\>|\\<knowledgeable\\>)", replacement="know") #but not knowledge, because different connotation.
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<labs\\>)", replacement="laboratory")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<larger\\>)", replacement="large")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<leading\\>|\\<leads\\>)", replacement="lead")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<learn\\>|\\<learned\\>|\\<learning\\>)", replacement="learn")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<learners\\>|\\<learners'\\>)", replacement="learner")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lesser\\>)", replacement="less")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lessons\\>)", replacement="lesson")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<levels\\>)", replacement="level")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<listening\\>|\\<listens\\>)", replacement="listen")
#allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<living-nonliving\\>|\\<living\\>)", replacement=" ")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<locally\\>)", replacement="local")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<located\\>|\\<locations\\>)", replacement="location")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<logical\\>|\\<logically\\>)", replacement="logical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<longer\\>)", replacement="longterm")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<looking\\>|\\<looked\\>)", replacement="look")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<losing\\>)", replacement="lose")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<major\\>|\\<majors\\>)", replacement="major") #HMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<makes\\>|\\<making\\>)", replacement="make")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<manageable\\>)", replacement="manage")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<manifest\\>|\\<manifested\\>)", replacement="manifest")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<manipulating\\>|\\<manipulate\\>)", replacement="manipulation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<map\\>|\\<mapping\\>)", replacement="map")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<master\\>|\\<mastery\\>)", replacement="master")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<material\\>|\\<materials\\>)", replacement="material")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mathematically\\>|\\<mathematics\\>|\\<mathematic\\>|\\<math\\>)", replacement="mathematical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<meaning'\\>|\\<meaningful\\>|\\<meaningfully\\>|\\<meanings\\>|\\<mean\\>)", replacement="meaning")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<measuring\\>|\\<measured\\>|\\<measurements\\>|\\<measure\\>)", replacement="measurement")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<members\\>|\\<membership\\>)", replacement="member")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mental\\>|\\<mentally\\>)", replacement="mental")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<method\\>|\\<methods\\>)", replacement="method")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<midwest\\>|\\<midwestern\\>)", replacement="midwest")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<model\\>|\\<modelbased\\>|\\<modeling\\>|\\<modelling\\>|\\<models\\>)", replacement="model")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<modified\\>|\\<modify\\>|\\<modifying\\>)", replacement="modify")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<moment\\>|\\<moments\\>)", replacement="moment")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<movements\\>|\\<moves\\>|\\<moving\\>)", replacement="move")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mutual\\>|\\<mutually\\>)", replacement="mutual")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<natural\\>|\\<naturally\\>)", replacement="natural")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<necessarily\\>)", replacement="necessary")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<needed\\>|\\<needs\\>)", replacement="need")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<newfound\\>)", replacement="new")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<normative\\>|\\<norms\\>)", replacement="norm")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<noted\\>|\\<notes\\>)", replacement="note")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<notions\\>)", replacement="notion")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<numbers\\>|\\<numeracy\\>|\\<numerical\\>)", replacement="number") #HMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<objects\\>|\\<objects'\\>)", replacement="object")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<observations\\>|\\obervational data\\>)", replacement="observation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<observed\\>|\\<observes\\>|\\<observing\\>)", replacement="observe")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<obtaining\\>)", replacement="obtain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<operates\\>)", replacement="operate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<opportunities\\>)", replacement="opportunity")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<organized\\>|\\<organizing\\>)", replacement="organize")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<orientated\\>|\\<orientation\\>|\\<oriented\\>)", replacement="orient")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<original\\>|\\<originally\\>)", replacement="original")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<others'\\>)", replacement="others")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<outcomes\\>)", replacement="outcome")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<overarching\\>)", replacement="overall")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<participating\\>|\\<participation\\>|\\<participatory\\>)", replacement="participate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<participants\\>)", replacement="participant")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<particularly\\>)", replacement="particular")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<partnerships\\>|\\<partnerships\\>|\\<partners\\>)", replacement="partner")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<paths\\>|\\<pathway\\>)", replacement="path")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<patterns\\>)", replacement="pattern")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pedagogical\\>|\\<pedagogically\\>)", replacement="pedagogy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pedagogies\\>|\\<pedagogy\\>)", replacement="pedagogy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<perceive\\>|\\<perceived\\>)", replacement="perceive")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<periods\\>)", replacement="period")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<personally\\>)", replacement="personal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<perspectives\\>)", replacement="perspective")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<phase1\\>|\\<phase2\\>|\\<phase3\\>|\\<phases\\>)", replacement="phase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<phenomena\\>)", replacement="phenomenon")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<photography\\>)", replacement="photo")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<phrased\\>|\\<phrases\\>)", replacement="phrase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<physically\\>)", replacement="physical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pictures\\>)", replacement="picture")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<place\\>|\\<placed\\>|\\<places\\>)", replacement="place")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<plans\\>|\\<planned\\>|\\<planning\\>)", replacement="plan")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<plant\\>|\\<plants\\>)", replacement="plant")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<playbased\\>|\\<plays\\>)", replacement="play")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pointed\\>|\\<points\\>)", replacement="point")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<posed\\>)", replacement="pose")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<powerfully\\>)", replacement="powerful")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<practiced\\>|\\<practices\\>|\\<practicum\\>)", replacement="practice")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<predicted\\>|\\<predicting\\>|\\<prediction\\>|\\<predictions\\>)", replacement="predict")
#allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<prediction\\>|\\<predictions\\>)", replacement="predict")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<preparation\\>|\\<prepared\\>|\\<preparing\\>)", replacement="prepare")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<preprimarylevel\\>|\\<kindergarten\\>)", replacement="kindergarten")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<preschool\\>|\\<preschoolers\\>|\\<preschoolers'\\>|\\<kindergartner\\>)", replacement="kindergartener")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<present\\>|\\<presented\\>|\\<presenting\\>|\\<presents\\>|\\<presentation\\>)", replacement="present") # different meanings possible?

#allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<primarily\\>|\\<firsthand\\>|\\<first\\>)", replacement="prime")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<principles\\>)", replacement="principle")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<problems\\>)", replacement="problem")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<problembased\\>)", replacement="problemsolving")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<procedures\\>|\\<procedural\\>)", replacement="procedure")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<process-ask\\>|\\<processes\\>)", replacement="process")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<production\\>|\\<productive\\>|\\<producing\\>|\\<produce\\>|\\<products\\>)", replacement="product") #HMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<proficiency\\>|\\<proficient\\>)", replacement="proficient")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<program\\>|\\<programme\\>)", replacement="program")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<progression\\>|\\<progressively\\>|\\<progressed\\>|\\<progress\\>)", replacement="progression") #not as in learning progression?
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<projectbased\\>|\\<projects\\>)", replacement="project")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<promote\\>|\\<promotes\\>|\\<promotion\\>)", replacement="promote")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<proposed\\>|\\<proposing\\>|\\<propos\\>)", replacement="propose")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<provided\\>|\\<provides\\>|\\<providing\\>)", replacement="provide")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<provocateurs\\>)", replacement="provocateur")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<putting\\>)", replacement="put")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<queries\\>)", replacement="query")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<questioning\\>|\\<questions\\>|\\<questioned\\>)", replacement="question")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<raising\\>)", replacement="raise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ranging\\>)", replacement="range")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reached\\>)", replacement="reach")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<realistic\\>|\\<reality\\>)", replacement="real")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<realworld\\>)", replacement="reallife")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<recognition\\>|\\<recognizing\\>|\\<recognize\\>)", replacement="recognise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<recommendations\\>|\\<recommended\\>|\\<recommends\\>)", replacement="recommend")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reconstructing\\>)", replacement="reconstruct")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<recorded\\>|\\<recording\\>)", replacement="record")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<referring\\>|\\<refers\\>)", replacement="refer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<refined\\>|\\<refining\\>)", replacement="refine")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reflecting\\>|\\<reflections\\>|\\<reflection\\>|\\<reflects\\>|\\<reflected\\>)", replacement="reflect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<regarding\\>|\\<regarded\\>)", replacement="regard")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reinforced\\>|\\<reinforcement\\>|\\<reinforcing\\>)", replacement="reinforce")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<relating\\>|\\<related\\>|\\<relates\\>)", replacement="relate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<relationbased\\>)", replacement="relation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<relationship\\>|\\<relationships\\>|\\<relations\\>)", replacement="relation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<relevant\\>)", replacement="relevance")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<relies\\>|\\<relying\\>)", replacement="rely")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<repeatedly\\>|\\<repeated\\>)", replacement="repeat")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reported\\>|\\<reporting\\>)", replacement="report")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<representing\\>|\\<representations\\>)", replacement="represent")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<representational\\>)", replacement="representation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<requires\\>|\\<requiring\\>|\\<requirement\\>|\\<requisite\\>", replacement="require")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<researchers\\>|\\<researcher\\>)", replacement="researcher") #HMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<researching\\>)", replacement="research") #HMMM

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<resources\\>)", replacement="resource")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<respected\\>)", replacement="respect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<responds\\>|\\<response\\>)", replacement="respond")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<results\\>)", replacement="result")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reviewed\\>|\\<reviewing\\>)", replacement="review")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<revising\\>)", replacement="revise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<roles\\>)", replacement="role")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<scaffolded\\>|\\<scaffolding\\>|\\<scaffolds\\>)", replacement="scaffold")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<schools\\>)", replacement="school")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sciencerelated\\>|\\<sciences\\>|\\<scientific\\>|\\<scientifically\\>)", replacement="science") #HMMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<scientists\\>)", replacement="scientist")
#allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<second\\>|\\<secondary\\>)", replacement=" ") #HMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<seeking\\>|\\<seeks\\>)", replacement="seek")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<seemed\\>|\\<seems\\>)", replacement="seem")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<selected\\>|\\<selecting\\>|\\<selectively\\>|\\<selection\\>)", replacement="select")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sensemaking\\>)", replacement="sense")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sequencing\\>|\\<sequentially\\>|\\<sequential\\>)", replacement="sequence")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<serves\\>|\\<serving\\>)", replacement="serve")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sessions\\>)", replacement="session")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sets\\>)", replacement="set")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<settings\\>)", replacement="setting")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<shaped\\>|\\<shaping\\>)", replacement="shape")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<shifts\\>|\\<shifting\\>)", replacement="shift")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<shows\\>|\\<showed\\>|\\<shown\\>|\\<showing\\>)", replacement="show")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<similarities\\>|\\<similarly\\>)", replacement="similar")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<simply\\>)", replacement="simple")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<simulated\\>|\\<simulations\\>|\\<simulate\\>)", replacement="simulation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sinking\\>)", replacement="sink")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<situated\\>|\\<situating\\>)", replacement="situate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<situations\\>)", replacement="situation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<skills\\>)", replacement="skill")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<smaller\\>)", replacement="small")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<solely\\>)", replacement="sole")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<solutions\\>)", replacement="solution")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<solving\\>)", replacement="solve")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sources\\>)", replacement="source")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<specification\\>|\\<specified\\>|\\<specifying\\>)", replacement="specify") #HMMM
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stages\\>)", replacement="stage")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<started\\>|\\<starting\\>|\\<starts\\>)", replacement="start")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<statement\\>|\\<statements\\>|\\<states\\>|\\<stated\\>)", replacement="state")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<step1\\>|\\<step2\\>|\\<step3\\>|\\<step4\\>|\\<steps\\>|\\<step\\>)", replacement="phase") #HMMMMM CHECK THIS OUT!!
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stimulated\\>|\\<stimulating\\>|\\<stimuli\\>)", replacement="stimulate") #HMMMM 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stories\\>)", replacement="story")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<strongly\\>)", replacement="strong")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<structural\\>|\\<structured\\>|\\<structures\\>|\\<structuring\\>)", replacement="structure")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<studentcentered\\>|\\<studentdirected\\>)", replacement="studentcentred")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<students\\>)", replacement="student")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<studied\\>|\\<studies\\>)", replacement="study")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<subjects\\>)", replacement="subject")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<subsequently\\>)", replacement="subsequent")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<successful\\>|\\<successfully\\>)", replacement="success")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<suggested\\>)", replacement="suggest")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<summarized\\>|\\<summarizes\\>|\\<summarizing\\>|\\<summary\\>)", replacement="summarize")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<supported\\>|\\<supporting\\>|\\<supports\\>|\\<supportive\\>)", replacement="support")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<surrounding\\>|\\<surrounds\\>)", replacement="surround")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<systematically\\>)", replacement="systematic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<taken\\>|\\<takes\\>|\\<taking\\>|\\<took\\>)", replacement="take")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<talked\\>|\\<talking\\>)", replacement="talk")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<targeted\\>|\\<targeting\\>|\\<targets\\>)", replacement="target")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tasks\\>)", replacement="task")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<coteacher\\>|\\<teacher's\\>|\\<teachers\\>|\\<teaching\\>)", replacement="teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<technological\\>|\\<technologies\\>)", replacement="technology")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<terms\\>|\\<terminology\\>)", replacement="term")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<testing\\>|\\<tested\\>|\\<tests\\>)", replacement="test")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<thoughts\\>)", replacement="thought")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<topics\\>|\\<topical\\>)", replacement="topic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tracked\\>|\\<tracking\\>)", replacement="track")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<transformations\\>)", replacement="transformation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<translated\\>|\\<translates\\>)", replacement="translate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<type\\>|\\<types\\>)", replacement="type")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<typically\\>)", replacement="typical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<understanding\\>|\\<understandings\\>|\\<understood\\>)", replacement="understand")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<units\\>)", replacement="unit")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<universityschool\\>)", replacement="university")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<unlike\\>|\\<unlikely\\>)", replacement="unlike")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<used\\>|\\<uses\\>|\\<using\\>)", replacement="use")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<varieties\\>)", replacement="variety")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<verbalization\\>|\\<verbally\\>)", replacement="verbal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<viewed\\>|\\<viewing\\>|\\<views\\>)", replacement="view")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<way\\>|\\<ways\\>)", replacement="way")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<word\\>|\\<words\\>)", replacement="word")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<working\\>|\\<works\\>)", replacement="work")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<writing\\>|\\<writings\\>|\\<written\\>)", replacement="write")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<yearold\\>|\\<years\\>)", replacement="year")

##Specific for empirical
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<abilities\\>)", replacement="ability")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<acorns\\>)", replacement="acorn")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<adaptation\\>|\\<adapted\\>)", replacement="adapt")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<adopted\\>|\\<adopts\\>)", replacement="adopt")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<advanced\\>)", replacement="complex")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<affecting\\>|\\<affects\\>)", replacement="affect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<affordances\\>|\\<affords\\>)", replacement="afford")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<amounts\\>)", replacement="amount")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<animals\\>)", replacement="animal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ants\\>)", replacement="ant")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<eating\\>|\\<eaten\\>|\\<ate\\>)", replacement="eat")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<approached\\>)", replacement="approach")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<areas\\>)", replacement="area")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<artistic\\>|\\<artworks\\>|\\<artwork\\>|\\<arts\\>)", replacement="art")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<asked\\>)", replacement="ask")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<assessments\\>|\\<assessment\\>|\\<assessed\\>|\\<assesses\\>)", replacement="assess")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<assistance\\>)", replacement="assist")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<assuming\\>|\\<assumed\\>)", replacement="assume")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<attributions\\>|\\<attributes\\>)", replacement="attribute")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<bags\\>)", replacement="bag")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<bands\\>)", replacement="band")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<beans\\>)", replacement="bean")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<bears\\>)", replacement="bear")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<began\\>|\\<begun\\>)", replacement="begin")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<behaviours\\>|\\<behaviour\\>|\\<behave\\>)", replacement="behavior")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<bigger\\>)", replacement="big")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<birds\\>)", replacement="bird")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<blocks\\>)", replacement="block")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<boards\\>)", replacement="board")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<boiling\\>|\\<boiled\\>)", replacement="boil")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<boxes\\>)", replacement="box")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<boys\\>)", replacement="boy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<bringing\\>|\\<brought\\>)", replacement="bring")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<broken\\>|\\<broke\\>)", replacement="break")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<buckets\\>)", replacement="bucket")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<building\\>|\\<build\\>)", replacement="built") #building not used as in 'house' but as the action of building something
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<butterflies\\>)", replacement="butterfly")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<called\\>)", replacement="call")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<captured\\>)", replacement="capture")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<capitalized\\>)", replacement="capitalize")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cartoonish\\>|\\<cartoonlike\\>|\\<cartoons\\>)", replacement="cartoon")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<carvers\\>)", replacement="carver")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cases\\>)", replacement="case")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<causal\\>)", replacement="cause")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<centers\\>)", replacement="center")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<checking\\>|\\<checked\\>)", replacement="check")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<chicks\\>)", replacement="chick")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<clarifications\\>)", replacement="clarification")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<clips\\>)", replacement="clip")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cleaning\\>)", replacement="clean")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<closely\\>|\\<closeness\\>)", replacement="close")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<clouds\\>)", replacement="cloud")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<coding\\>|\\<codes\\>)", replacement="code")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<collaboration\\>|\\<collaborate\\>)", replacement="collaborative") # Is this ok? \\<collective\\>|
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<collects\\>)", replacement="collect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<colouring\\>|\\<coloured\\>|\\<coloring\\>|\\<colour\\>|\\<colored\\>|\\<colors\\>)", replacement="color") # Is this ok?
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<coming\\>)", replacement="come")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<comments\\>)", replacement="comment")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<communitys\\>)", replacement="community")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<compared\\>|\\<compares\\>)", replacement="compare")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<competencies\\>)", replacement="competence")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<compressing\\>|\\<compressed\\>)", replacement="compress")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<computertablets\\>)", replacement="computer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<containers\\>)", replacement="container")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<contextualize\\>|\\<contextually\\>|\\<contextual\\>|\\<contextsensitive\\>)", replacement="contextual")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<continues\\>)", replacement="continue")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<contrasting\\>|\\<contrasted\\>)", replacement="contrast")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<contributions\\>)", replacement="contribute") #Ok?
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<controlled\\>|\\<controls\\>)", replacement="control")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<correspondence\\>|\\<corresponding\\>)", replacement="correspond")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<counting\\>|\\<counts\\>)", replacement="count")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<countries\\>|\\<counts\\>)", replacement="country")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<covering\\>)", replacement="covered")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cubes\\>)", replacement="cube")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<culturally\\>|\\<cultural\\>)", replacement="culture")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cups\\>)", replacement="cup")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cutouts\\>)", replacement="cutout")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<debriefings\\>)", replacement="debrief")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<demanding\\>)", replacement="demand")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<details\\>)", replacement="detail")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<dialogic\\>)", replacement="dialogue")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<differentiating\\>)", replacement="differentiate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<dinosaurs\\>)", replacement="dinosaur")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<discursive\\>)", replacement="discourse")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<distributed\\>|\\<distributing\\>)", replacement="distribute")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<dispersal\\>)", replacement="disperse")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<displayed\\>)", replacement="display")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<document\\>)", replacement="documenting") #In this corpus these two forms relate to children documenting
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<drinks\\>)", replacement="drink")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<driving\\>|\\<driven\\>)", replacement="drive")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<drew\\>)", replacement="draw")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<drops\\>)", replacement="drop")#as in pellet, not the verb
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<dynamically\\>)", replacement="dynamic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<eagerness\\>|\\<eagerly\\>)", replacement="dynamic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<earths\\>|\\<earthlets\\>)", replacement="earth")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<eggs\\>)", replacement="egg")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<electrical\\>|\\<electricity\\>)", replacement="electric")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<elements\\>)", replacement="element")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<elicitation\\>|\\<elicited\\>|\\<eliciting\\>)", replacement="elicit")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ellie\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<emerged\\>)", replacement="emerge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<empirically\\>)", replacement="empirical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<enabled\\>)", replacement="enable")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<enactments\\>|\\<act\\>)", replacement="enactment")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<encouraged\\>)", replacement="encourage")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ended\\>)", replacement="end")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<energy1\\>|\\<energy—a\\>)", replacement="energy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<engagement\\>|\\<engaged\\>)", replacement="engage")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<enhanced\\>)", replacement="enhance")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<enquiry\\>)", replacement="inquiry")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<epistemology\\>)", replacement="epistemic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<essentially\\>)", replacement="essential")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<evaporation\\>)", replacement="evaporate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<events\\>)", replacement="event")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<examples\\>)", replacement="example")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<excerpts\\>)", replacement="excerpt")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<existence\\>|\\<existing\\>)", replacement="exist")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<feeders\\>)", replacement="feeder")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<filip\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<filling\\>|\\<filled\\>)", replacement="fill")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<finds\\>)", replacement="find")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<finally\\>)", replacement="final")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<fingerprints\\>)", replacement="fingerprint")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<firstgrade\\>)", replacement="primary")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<flew\\>)", replacement="fly")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<flowers\\>)", replacement="flower")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<follows\\>)", replacement="follow")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<foods\\>)", replacement="food")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<forces\\>)", replacement="force")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<format\\>)", replacement="form")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<fostered\\>)", replacement="foster")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<fourphase\\>)", replacement="four phase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<fivephase\\>)", replacement="five phase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<fourth\\>)", replacement="four")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<freely\\>)", replacement="free")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<frequencies\\>)", replacement="frequency")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<frequently\\>)", replacement="frequent")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<frida\\>)", replacement="student_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<functionality\\>)", replacement="function")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gamelike\\>|\\<games\\>)", replacement="game")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gardening\\>|\\<gardens\\>)", replacement="garden")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gathered\\>)", replacement="gather")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gauging\\>)", replacement="gauge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gauging\\>)", replacement="gauge")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<generally\\>|\\<generalized\\>)", replacement="general")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gets\\>)", replacement="get")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ginas\\>|\\<gina\\>)", replacement="example_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<girls\\>)", replacement="girl")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<got\\>)", replacement="get")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gravitational\\>)", replacement="gravity")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<group–togroup\\>|\\<smallgroup\\>|\\<wholegroup\\>)", replacement="group")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<growing\\>|\\<growth\\>)", replacement="grow")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<habitats\\>)", replacement="habitat")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<hairy\\>)", replacement="hair")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<hands\\>)", replacement="hand")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<hanna\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<hannah\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<happened\\>|\\<happening\\>|\\<happens\\>)", replacement="happen")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<helped\\>|\\<helpful\\>|\\<helps\\>)", replacement="help")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<holes\\>)", replacement="hole")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<homes\\>)", replacement="home")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<humans\\>)", replacement="human")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<illustration\\>|\\<illustrating\\>|\\<illustrates\\>)", replacement="illustrate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<images\\>)", replacement="image")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<imagining\\>|\\<imaginary\\>)", replacement="imagination")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<implementation\\>|\\<implemented\\>|\\<implementing\\>|\\<implements\\>)", replacement="implement")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<improved\\>)", replacement="improve")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<impulses\\>)", replacement="impuls")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<inclines\\>)", replacement="incline")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<indoors\\>)", replacement="indoor")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ingredients\\>)", replacement="ingredient")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<intuitions\\>|\\<intuitively\\>)", replacement="intuition")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<invited\\>|\\<invites\\>)", replacement="invite")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<invoked\\>)", replacement="invoke")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<issues\\>)", replacement="issue")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<items\\>)", replacement="item")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<journaling\\>|\\<journals\\>)", replacement="journal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<keeping\\>|\\<kept\\>)", replacement="keep")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<largest\\>)", replacement="large")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<larvaes\\>)", replacement="larvae")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<layered\\>|\\<layers\\>)", replacement="layer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lead\\>|\\<led\\>)", replacement="leadership")
#The issue of leaves, leaving, and left. In excerpts, forms of the verbe "to leave" where changed to "leaving". Leaves as in plant material was not changed. Left as in non-rigt was unchanged. 
#This changes were done directly in excerpts after reading the context. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lets\\>)", replacement="let")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lifted\\>|\\<lifting\\>)", replacement="lift") #as in the action of raising the potential energy of an object, not the object of transportation
#light as in not heavy changed to non_heavy, light as physical phenomenon kept, in light of -> in_light_of. Changed directely in excerpts. 
#like split into like (as likeness) and like (as an affective verb -> like_affect)
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<likewise\\>)", replacement="like")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<limited\\>|\\<limits\\>)", replacement="limit")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<liquids\\>)", replacement="liquid")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<long\\>)", replacement="longterm")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lower\\>)", replacement="low")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mapped\\>)", replacement="map") #as in the action
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<maximally\\>)", replacement="maximal") #interesting use...
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mealworms\\>)", replacement="mealworm")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mechanized\\>)", replacement="mechanical")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<meetings\\>)", replacement="meeting")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<melted\\>)", replacement="melting")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<metacognitive\\>)", replacement="metacognition")
#met as in had a meeting changed directly in excerpts. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<methodological\\>)", replacement="methodology")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<midjune\\>|\\<midjanuary\\>)", replacement="study_month")
#min as in minutes changes directly in excerpts. Always [number]_minute, as in 20_minute
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mixed\\>)", replacement="mixing") #as in mixing materials together. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<moles\\>)", replacement="mole") #as in the animal not the number
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<motioning\\>)", replacement="motioned")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<motivate\\>|\\<motivating\\>)", replacement="motivation")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mounted\\>)", replacement="mount") #as in mounting something on a case
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<moved\\>|\\<movement\\>)", replacement="move")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<movies\\>)", replacement="movie")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<nearby\\>)", replacement="near")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<nests\\>)", replacement="nest")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<newtonian\\>)", replacement="newton")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<noises\\>)", replacement="noise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<noticed\\>)", replacement="notice")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<objectives\\>)", replacement="objective")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<obtained\\>)", replacement="obtain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<occurred\\>|\\<occurs\\>)", replacement="occur")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<offered\\>)", replacement="offer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<older\\>|\\<olds\\>)", replacement="old")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<opened\\>)", replacement="open")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<operating\\>)", replacement="operate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<orders\\>)", replacement="order") #as in putting things in order
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<organising\\>|\\<organised\\>|\\<organisational\\>|\\<organize\\>)", replacement="organise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ornithologists\\>)", replacement="ornithologist")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<outdoors\\>)", replacement="outdoor")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<painter\\>|\\<painting\\>)", replacement="paint")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pennies\\>)", replacement="penny")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<performance\\>)", replacement="perform") #as in doing somehting for others to see. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<petting\\>)", replacement="pet")
#"physical science" -> physics, physical as related to physics -> "physics". All other instances of "physical" kept. Changes done directly in excerpts. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pieces\\>)", replacement="piece")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pigs\\>)", replacement="pig")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<planting\\>)", replacement="plant")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pointing\\>)", replacement="point")
#pose as in pose questions changed to ask in excerpt. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<possibly\\>)", replacement="possible")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<potentially\\>)", replacement="potential")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<programs\\>)", replacement="program")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<promoted\\>|\\<promoting\\>)", replacement="promote")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<prompting\\>)", replacement="prompt")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<purposes\\>)", replacement="purpose")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pushing\\>)", replacement="push")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<puzzling\\>)", replacement="puzzle")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<rains\\>|\\<rainfall\\>)", replacement="rain")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<randomly\\>)", replacement="random")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ranged\\>)", replacement="range")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ratings\\>)", replacement="rating")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reactions\\>)", replacement="react")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<readings\\>|\\<reading\\>|\\<read\\>)", replacement="read")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<readily\\>)", replacement="ready")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reasons\\>)", replacement="reason")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<recalling\\>)", replacement="recall")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<received\\>)", replacement="receiving")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<recognised\\>)", replacement="recognise")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<records\\>)", replacement="record")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<resonant\\|\\<resonated\\>)", replacement="resonate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<respects\\>)", replacement="respect")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<responding\\|\\<responded\\|\\<responds\\>)", replacement="respond")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<resulted\\>)", replacement="result")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<returning\\>)", replacement="return")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<revealed\\>)", replacement="reveal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<rocks\\>)", replacement="rock")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<routes\\>)", replacement="route")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<routines\\>)", replacement="routine")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<safely\\>)", replacement="safety")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<samples\\>)", replacement="sample")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sandy\\>)", replacement="sand")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<saw\\>|\\<seeing\\>|\\<seen\\>)", replacement="see")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<says\\>|\\<said\\>)", replacement="say")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<scales\\>)", replacement="scale")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<schooling\\>)", replacement="school")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<seasonal\\>|\\<seasons\\>)", replacement="season")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sections\\>)", replacement="section")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<seeds\\>)", replacement="seed")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<senses\\>)", replacement="sense")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<separated\\>|\\<seperately\\>)", replacement="separate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sequences\\>)", replacement="sequence")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sat\\>|\\<setting\\>)", replacement="set") #as in the act of setting stuff up
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<shapes\\>)", replacement="shape")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sharable\\>|\\<sharing\\>|\\<shared\\>)", replacement="share")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<shells\\>)", replacement="shell")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<significance\\>)", replacement="significant")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sixth\\>)", replacement="six")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<slowmations\\>)", replacement="slowmation")
#small groups and small group changed to smallgroup directly in excerpts. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<smelling\\>|\\<smelly\\>)", replacement="smell")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<snails\\>)", replacement="snail")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<snowfall\\>)", replacement="snow")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<somethings\\>)", replacement="something")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<songs\\>)", replacement="song")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sorted\\>)", replacement="sort")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<spanned\\>)", replacement="spans")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<specifically\\>)", replacement="specific")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<speeding\\>)", replacement="speed")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<spilled\\>)", replacement="spill")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<splits\\>)", replacement="split")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<spontaneously\\>)", replacement="spontaneous")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<spots\\>)", replacement="spot")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<squeezed\\>)", replacement="squeeze")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<standardize\\>|\\<standards\\>)", replacement="standard")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stereotypical\\>)", replacement="stereotype")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stopped\\>)", replacement="stop")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stored\\>)", replacement="store")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<strategies\\>|\\<strategic\\>)", replacement="strategy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<strengths\\>)", replacement="strength")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stretching\\>|\\<stretched\\>)", replacement="stretch")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<striped\\>)", replacement="stripes")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<striving\\>)", replacement="strive")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<suitability\\>)", replacement="suitable")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<survive\\>)", replacement="survival")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<stretching\\>|\\<stretched\\>)", replacement="stretch")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<symbolic\\>|\\<symbols\\>)", replacement="symbol")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<table2\\>|\\<table1\\>)", replacement="table")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<teams\\>)", replacement="team")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tells\\>)", replacement="tell")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<textbook\\>|\\<texts\\>)", replacement="text")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<things\\>)", replacement="thing")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<thinking\\>|\\<thinks\\>)", replacement="think")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tools\\>)", replacement="tool")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<totally\\>)", replacement="total")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<towards\\>)", replacement="toward")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<toys\\>)", replacement="toy")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tracing\\>)", replacement="trace")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tracks\\>)", replacement="track")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<training\\>)", replacement="train")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<transformed\\>)", replacement="transform")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<transitioning\\>|\\<transitioned\\>)", replacement="transition")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<triggered\\>)", replacement="triggers")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<trying\\>)", replacement="try")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tubs\\>)", replacement="tub")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<turned\\>)", replacement="turn") #as in focused their attention on, whereas "turns" relates to taking turns.
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<twisting\\>|\\<twisted\\>)", replacement="twist") #as in the action of turning something, not "with a twist". 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<underlying\\>)", replacement="underlie")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<utilizing\\>|\\<utilized\\>)", replacement="utilize")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<valuable\\>|\\<valuing\\>|\\<valued\\>|\\<values\\>)", replacement="value") #hmmm..
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<variables\\>)", replacement="variable") #as in concept of "a variable" parameter
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<vignettes\\>)", replacement="vignette")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<vocabularies\\>)", replacement="vocabulary")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<went\\>)", replacement="go")
#whats changed to what is
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<walked\\>|\\<walks\\>>|\\<walking\\>>)", replacement="walk") # as in either "to walk" and "a walk". 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<wanted\\>)", replacement="want")
#wasnt changed to was not in excerpt
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<watching\\>)", replacement="watch")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<weeks\\>|\\<weekly\\>>)", replacement="week")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<watching\\>)", replacement="watch")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<wooden\\>)", replacement="wood")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<worked\\>)", replacement="work") #but not "workers"
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<worlds\\>)", replacement="world")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<younger\\>)", replacement="young")



#Spliting words
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<subtopic\\>|\\<subtopics\\>)", replacement="sub topic")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<threephase\\>)", replacement="three phase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<twophase\\>)", replacement="two phase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<threeweek\\>)", replacement="three week")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<videotaped\\>)", replacement="video taped")
#theres (as in there's) changed to "there is" directly in excerpts



#Specific names -> function in study
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<james\\>)", replacement="example_child") #example_child is a fictional child used in instructional materials. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tom\\>)", replacement="example_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<john\\>)", replacement="example_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<gina\\>)", replacement="example_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tony\\>)", replacement="example_child")

allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lilly\\>)", replacement="example_animal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<thelmas\\>)", replacement="example_animal")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<jane\\>)", replacement="study_scienctist") #a rolemodel for childreni n the study??
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<peter\\>)", replacement="study_scienctist")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<chris\\>)", replacement="study_scienctist")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<johannah\\>)", replacement="study_child") #a child observed and analysed in the study
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lily\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lucy\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<markus\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<simon\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<susie\\>|\\<susies\\>|\\<susieastheball\\>|\\<susie3\\>)", replacement="study_child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<cora\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mrstreadwell\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<mrscasey\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<becky\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<shane\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<ppts\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pts\\>)", replacement="study_teacher")

#May 9th 2020: Changed Child: and other instances of named or specific children that appear in studies to "study_child".
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<wouassammeeschtendran\\>)", replacement="non-english-sentence")


##SYNONYMS
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<Empirical\\>|\\<theories\\>|\\<theories\\>|\\<theory\\>)", replacement="theory")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<certain\\>)", replacement="specific")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<elementary\\>)", replacement="primary")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<constitue element\\>)", replacement="phase")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<inquiry_based\\>|\\<inquirybased\\>|\\<inquiryframed\\>|\\<inquiryoriented\\>)", replacement="ibse")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<directed\\>|\\<directing\\>|\\<direct\\>|\\<instructed\\>|\\<instruct\\>|\\<steer\\>)", replacement="instruct_guide")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<curiosity\\>|\\<interesting\\>|\\<interests\\>|\\<interests\\>|\\<interested\\>)", replacement="interest")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<instructors\\>)", replacement="educators")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<teacher trainer\\>|\\<pilot centre trainer\\>|\\<the trainer\\>)", replacement="teacher_trainer")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<kids\\>)", replacement="child")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<likely\\>|\\<probably\\>)", replacement="probable")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<lives\\>|\\<live\\>)", replacement="live_habitat") #lives as in plural of life -> life. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pretence\\>|\\<pretend\\>|\\<pretending\\>|\\<makebelieve\\>|\\<played\\>|\\<playing\\>)", replacement="play") 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<onus\\>|\\<responsibilities\\>)", replacement="responsibility") 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<papers\\>)", replacement="article") #papers in plural only used as articles in excerpts. 
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<photographing\\>|\\<photographer\\>|\\<photographed\\>|\\<photos\\>|\\<photo\\>|\\<pictogram\\>|\\<pictures\\>)", replacement="picture")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<playdough\\>)", replacement="playdoh")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<prints\\>)", replacement="print")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<previously\\>|\\<prior\\>)", replacement="previous")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<immediately\\|\\<promptly\\>>)", replacement="immediate")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<pupils\\)", replacement="pupil")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<reasoning\\>)", replacement="thinking")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<schoolyard\\>)", replacement="playground")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<sciencey\\>)", replacement="sciencelike")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<book\\>)", replacement="text")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<at times\\>|\\<at other times\\>>)", replacement="sometimes")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<track\\>|\\<trace\\>>)", replacement="track_trace")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tubs\\>|\\<bathtub\\>>)", replacement="tub")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<tv\\>)", replacement="television")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<vs\\>)", replacement="versus")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<secondgrade\\>)", replacement="2ndgrade")
allEmpirical <- tm_map(allEmpirical, content_transformer(gsub), pattern = "(\\<first graders\\>)", replacement="1stgrade")





wordstoremove<-c(stopwords("english"),"can","also","although","may","maybe","moreover","mostly","onto","per se", "really","therefore","though","thus",
                 "xl011","xl021","xl051","xl071","xn011","xn031","xn051","xn071","xq011","xq031","xq041","xq051","xs021","xs091","xs111","xs121",
                 "2013appendixfp10","20132014","1b","p234","p141")





#allFilesx <- tm_map(allFilesx, removeWords, c("endoffile"))
allEmpirical<-tm_map(allEmpirical,stripWhitespace)

myWordNetwork <- function (txt,j.words) {
  # Clean data
  #remove capitalization
  #corpus.temp          <- tm_map(corpus, tolower)
  #Remove punctuations and other unnecessary things
  #corpus.removed.punc  <- tm_map(corpus.temp, removePunctuation)
  #Remove numbers
  #corpus.removed.numb  <- tm_map(corpus.removed.punc, removeNumbers)    
  #Remove Whitespaces
  #corpus.removed.white <- tm_map(corpus.removed.punc, stripWhitespace)
  #corpus               <- Corpus(DataframeSource(data.frame(data)))
  
  #prepare for stemming (language is english, but TM has a package for other
  #languages)
  #corpus.temp <- corpus.removed.white
  #corpus.copy  <- corpus.temp
  #corpus.temp  <- tm_map(corpus.temp, stemDocument, language = language)
  #corpus.final <- tm_map(corpus.temp, stemCompletion, 
  #                      dictionary = corpus.copy)
  #corpus.final<-corpus.temp
  #Prepare to remove "stopwords" such as "A", "The", e.t.c.
  # keep "declarative words"
  #my.stopwords <- stopwords("english")
  #my.stopwords <- my.stopwords[!(my.stopwords %in% j.words)]
  #Remove stopwrods
  #corpus.crop <- tm_map(corpus.removed.white,removeWords,c(my.stopwords))
  
  # Create edge list for export
  edge.list <-strsplit(as.matrix(txt), split = " ")[[1]]
  #Remove unnecessary 
  #edge.list<-as.matrix(corpus.final[[1]])
  #edge.list <- edge.list[edge.list!=""]
  #edge.list<-strsplit(edge.list,split=" ")
  
  # index of "declarative words" (the -1 is because we're removing first and 
  # last word to make it into a word-network
  node.num <- length(edge.list[!(edge.list %in% j.words)]) - 1
  #Create matrix to be exported
  export.edge.list <- array("",dim=c(node.num,2))
  #Set column names as per Gephi requirements
  #colnames(export.edge.list) <- c("Source","Target","Label")
  # Put source word except the "joining words into the matrix to be exported
  export.edge.list[,1] <- edge.list[!(edge.list %in% j.words)][-length(edge.list[!(edge.list %in% j.words)])]
  # put the target word except the "joining words into the matrix to be exported
  export.edge.list[,2] <- edge.list[!(edge.list %in% j.words)][-1]
  
  #Go through the joining words and put them in
  # for(i in j.words) {
  #  for (j in which(edge.list %in% i)) {
  #  export.edge.list[j - sum(!which(edge.list %in% j.words) > j), 3] <- i
  # }
  #}
  return(export.edge.list)
}

edgelistsEmpirical<-lapply(allEmpirical,myWordNetwork,j.words=wordstoremove)
graphsEmpirical<-list()
for (i in 1:35){
  graphsEmpirical[[i]]<-graph.edgelist(edgelists[[i]],directed=T)
} 


allEdgeEmpirical<-rbind(edgelistsEmpirical[[1]],edgelistsEmpirical[[2]],edgelistsEmpirical[[3]],edgelistsEmpirical[[4]],edgelistsEmpirical[[5]],edgelistsEmpirical[[6]],edgelistsEmpirical[[7]],edgelistsEmpirical[[8]],edgelistsEmpirical[[9]],edgelistsEmpirical[[10]],
                          edgelistsEmpirical[[11]],edgelistsEmpirical[[12]],edgelistsEmpirical[[13]],edgelistsEmpirical[[14]],edgelistsEmpirical[[15]],edgelistsEmpirical[[16]],edgelistsEmpirical[[17]],edgelistsEmpirical[[18]],edgelistsEmpirical[[19]],edgelistsEmpirical[[20]],
                          edgelistsEmpirical[[21]],edgelistsEmpirical[[22]],edgelistsEmpirical[[23]],edgelistsEmpirical[[24]],edgelistsEmpirical[[25]],edgelistsEmpirical[[26]],edgelistsEmpirical[[27]],edgelistsEmpirical[[28]],edgelistsEmpirical[[29]],edgelistsEmpirical[[30]],
                          edgelistsEmpirical[[31]],edgelistsEmpirical[[32]],edgelistsEmpirical[[33]],edgelistsEmpirical[[34]],edgelistsEmpirical[[35]])

articlesE<-lapply(edgelistsEmpirical,graph.edgelist,directed=T)
for (i in 1:length(articlesE)){
  E(articlesE[[i]])$weight<-1
  articlesE[[i]]<-simplify(articlesE[[i]],edge.attr.comb="sum")
  articlesE[[i]]<-delete.vertices(articlesE[[i]],which(V(articlesE[[i]])$name=="break"))
}

article01E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[1]],directed=T)
article02E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[2]],directed=T)
article03E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[3]],directed=T)
article04E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[4]],directed=T)
article05E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[5]],directed=T)
article06E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[6]],directed=T)
article07E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[7]],directed=T)
article08E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[8]],directed=T)
article09E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[9]],directed=T)
article10E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[10]],directed=T)
article11E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[11]],directed=T)
article12E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[12]],directed=T)
article13E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[13]],directed=T)
article14E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[14]],directed=T)
article15E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[15]],directed=T)
article16E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[16]],directed=T)
article17E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[17]],directed=T)
article18E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[18]],directed=T)
article19E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[19]],directed=T)
article20E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[20]],directed=T)
article21E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[21]],directed=T)
article22E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[22]],directed=T)
article23E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[23]],directed=T)
article24E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[24]],directed=T)
article25E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[25]],directed=T)
article26E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[26]],directed=T)
article27E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[27]],directed=T)
article28E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[28]],directed=T)
article29E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[29]],directed=T)
article30E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[30]],directed=T)
article31E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[31]],directed=T)
article32E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[32]],directed=T)
article33E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[33]],directed=T)
article34E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[34]],directed=T)
article35E<-graph.edgelist(edgelistsEmpirical[[35]],directed=T)

allNetEmpirical<-graph.edgelist(allEdgeEmpirical,directed=T)
E(allNetEmpirical)$weight<-1
allNetEmpirical<-delete.vertices(allNetEmpirical,v = which(V(allNetEmpirical)$name=="break"))
allNetEmpirical<-simplify(allNetEmpirical,remove.multiple=T,edge.attr.comb=list(weight="sum"))
prE<-page.rank(allNetEmpirical)
V(allNetEmpirical)$pr<-prE$vector
sort(prE$vector,decreasing = T)[1:10]
fgE<-fastgreedy.community(as.undirected(allNetEmpirical))
write.csv(V(allNetEmpirical)$name,"listNodesEmpirical.csv")