README.md

Linux World

src: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_1zB2WNN14

Table of contents

• Linux World
  • Linux High level understanding
    • Linux Introduction
    • Linux Distributions
    • Linux Features
    • Basic Commands PWD and clear
    • ls commands
    • cd commands
    • cat commands
    • grep commands
    • sort commands
    • pipe commands
    • cp commands
    • mv commands
    • mv/cp commands with all txt files
    • mkdir commands
    • rm & rmdir commands
    • Working with user Permissions : 'r','w' & 'x'
    • Working with user Permissions : 'r','w' & 'x' Chmod,Chown,chgrp
    • Working with Linux Repository
    • Working with Tar files
    • Working with Environment Variables
    • Working with Regular Expressions
    • Process
    • Creating users
    • SSH (Secure Shell) for Remote Machine Access
    • --help command will give details about the command options
  • How to install linux in windows OS
    • Access windows os files into linux
    • Access linux files from windows files system

Linux High level understanding

Linux Introduction

Linux Distributions

Linux Features

Basic Commands PWD and clear

ls commands

cd commands

---

cat commands

• Cat Command use 1

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Documents/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
file1.txt
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat file1.txt 
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat > file2.txt
hi my name is jd
welcome to linux world 
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat file2.txt 
hi my name is jd
welcome to linux world
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat file1.txt 
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat file1.txt file2.txt 
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
hi my name is jd
welcome to linux world
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat file1.txt >> file2.txt 
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat file2.txt 
hi my name is jd
welcome to linux world
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ^C

• Cat Command use 2

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat -n file2.txt 
     1	hi my name is jd
     2	welcome to linux world
     3	total 100
     4	drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
     5	drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
     6	drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
     7	drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
     8	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
     9	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
    10	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
    11	drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
    12	drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
    13	drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
    14	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
    15	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
    16	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
    17	drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
    18	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
    19	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
    20	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
    21	-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
    22	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
    23	-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
    24	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
    25	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
    26	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
    27	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
    28	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
    29	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat -b file2.txt 
     1	hi my name is jd
     2	welcome to linux world
     3	total 100
     4	drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
     5	drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
     6	drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
     7	drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
     8	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
     9	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
    10	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
    11	drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
    12	drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
    13	drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
    14	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
    15	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
    16	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
    17	drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
    18	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
    19	drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
    20	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
    21	-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
    22	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
    23	-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
    24	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
    25	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
    26	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
    27	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
    28	-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
    29	-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ vi file2.txt 
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ 

---

grep commands

• Grep Command Usage

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt 
Car
Mortorbikes
Train
Maruti
Ferrari
Lamborgini
Yamaha
Aprillia
Tata Motor
Honda
Suzuki
BMW
Audi
Volkswagen
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep am Automobiles.txt 
Lamborgini
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -i am Automobiles.txt 
Lamborgini
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -i am Automobiles.txt 
Lamborgini
Yamaha
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep am Automobiles.txt 
Lamborgini
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -i am Automobiles.txt 
Lamborgini
Yamaha
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -n am Automobiles.txt 
6:Lamborgini
7:Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -v am Automobiles.txt 
Car
Mortorbikes
Train
Maruti
Ferrari
Aprillia
Tata Motor
Honda
Suzuki
BMW
Audi
Volkswagen
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -iv am Automobiles.txt 
Car
Mortorbikes
Train
Maruti
Ferrari
Aprillia
Tata Motor
Honda
Suzuki
BMW
Audi
Volkswagen
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -c am Automobiles.txt 
2
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep -ic am Automobiles.txt 
3
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ 

---

sort commands

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt 
Car
Mortorbikes
Train
Maruti
Ferrari
Lamborgini
Yamaha
Aprillia
Tata Motor
Honda
Suzuki
BMW
Audi
Volkswagen
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ sort Automobiles.txt 
Amber
Aprillia
Audi
BMW
Car
Ferrari
Honda
Lamborgini
Maruti
Mortorbikes
Suzuki
Tata Motor
Train
Volkswagen
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ sort Automobiles.txt file2.txt 
Amber
Aprillia
Audi
BMW
Car
drwx------ 11 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:25 .config
drwx------  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .ssh
drwx------  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:14 .gnupg
drwx------  4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:19 .mozilla
drwxr-xr-x 13 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 16:11 .cache
drwxr-xr-x 16 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:15 .
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 09:25 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 11:25 Documents
drwxr-xr-x  3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 .local
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096  4月 21 14:04 ..
Ferrari
Hi my name is jd
Honda
Lamborgini
Maruti
Mortorbikes
-rw-------  1 jdublnx jdublnx  378  4月 22 09:47 .bash_history
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-clipboard.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-display-svga-x11.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-draganddrop.pid
-rw-r-----  1 jdublnx jdublnx    5  4月 22 09:12 .vboxclient-seamless.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx    0  4月 21 14:17 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  220  4月 21 14:04 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx 3771  4月 21 14:04 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--  1 jdublnx jdublnx  807  4月 21 14:04 .profile
-rw-rw-rw-  1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
Suzuki
Tata Motor
Total 100
Train
Volkswagen
welcome to linux world
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ sort -r Automobiles.txt 
Yamaha
Volkswagen
Train
Tata Motor
Suzuki
Mortorbikes
Maruti
Lamborgini
Honda
Ferrari
Car
BMW
Audi
Aprillia
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ sort -f Automobiles.txt 
Amber
Aprillia
Audi
BMW
Car
Ferrari
Honda
Lamborgini
Maruti
Mortorbikes
Suzuki
Tata Motor
Train
Volkswagen
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ sort -n Automobiles.txt 
Amber
Aprillia
Audi
BMW
Car
Ferrari
Honda
Lamborgini
Maruti
Mortorbikes
Suzuki
Tata Motor
Train
Volkswagen
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ sort -n Automobiles.txt 

---

pipe commands

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep am Automobiles.txt | sort
Lamborgini
Yamaha
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ grep am Automobiles.txt | sort -r
Yamaha
Lamborgini
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ 

---

cp commands

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cp Automobiles.txt /home/jdublnx/Desktop/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cd 
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  file1.txt  Install_CentOS_in_VM.md  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Desktop/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ ls
Automobiles.txt  LMS  README.md
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ cp LMS /home/jdublnx/Documents/
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'LMS'
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ cp -R  LMS /home/jdublnx/Documents/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ cp -Rv  LMS /home/jdublnx/Documents/
'LMS' -> '/home/jdublnx/Documents/LMS'
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Documents/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cp Automobiles.txt /home/jdublnx/Desktop/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cp -i  Automobiles.txt /home/jdublnx/Desktop/
cp: overwrite '/home/jdublnx/Desktop/Automobiles.txt'? y
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cp -i  Automobiles.txt /home/jdublnx/Desktop/
cp: overwrite '/home/jdublnx/Desktop/Automobiles.txt'? n
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cp -n  Automobiles.txt /home/jdublnx/Desktop/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ 

---

mv commands

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  file1.txt  Install_CentOS_in_VM.md  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Desktop/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ ls
Automobiles.txt  LMS  README.md
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ mv README.md LMS/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ ls
Automobiles.txt  LMS
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop$ cd LMS/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop/LMS$ ls
README.md
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Desktop/LMS$ 

mv/cp commands with all txt files

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  file1.txt  Install_CentOS_in_VM.md  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Music/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Music$ ls
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Music$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Documents/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  LMS
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cp *.txt /home/jdublnx/Music/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Music/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Music$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Music$ mv  *.txt /home/jdublnx/Pictures/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Music$ ls
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Music$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Pictures/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Pictures$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Pictures$ ^C
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Pictures$ 

---

mkdir commands

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  LMS
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ mkdir Folder1
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  Folder1  LMS
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cd Folder1/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ mkdir Folder2/Folder3/Folder4
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘Folder2/Folder3/Folder4’: No such file or directory
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ mkdir -p Folder2/Folder3/Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ mkdir {Folder2,Folder3,Folder4}
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘Folder2’: File exists
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ mkdir -p f2{Folder2,Folder3,Folder4}
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
f2Folder2  f2Folder3  f2Folder4  Folder2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
Folder2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ mkdir -p f2/{Folder2,Folder3,Folder4}
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
f2  Folder2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ 

---

rm & rmdir commands

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2/Folder3$ ls
Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2/Folder3$ rm Folder4/
rm: cannot remove 'Folder4/': Is a directory
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2/Folder3$ rmdir Folder4/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2/Folder3$ ls
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2/Folder3$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2$ ls
Folder3
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/Folder2$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
f2  Folder2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ rm Folder2/
rm: cannot remove 'Folder2/': Is a directory
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ rmdir Folder2/
rmdir: failed to remove 'Folder2/': Directory not empty
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ rmdir -p Folder2/Folder3/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
f2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ cd f2/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/f2$ ls
Folder2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1/f2$ cd ..
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
f2  Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ rm -r f2/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ ls
Folder3  Folder4
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents/Folder1$ 

---

Working with user Permissions : 'r','w' & 'x'

drwxr-xr-x 3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:19 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:35 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1691  4月 22 13:24 file1.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:30 Music
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:30 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos

---

Working with user Permissions : 'r','w' & 'x' Chmod,Chown,chgrp

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  file1.txt  Install_CentOS_in_VM.md  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls -l
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:19 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:35 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1691  4月 22 13:24 file1.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:30 Music
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:30 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ chmod g=rw,o-x Pictures/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls -l
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 3 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:19 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:35 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Downloads
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1691  4月 22 13:24 file1.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1929  4月 22 11:15 Install_CentOS_in_VM.md
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:30 Music
drwxrw-r-- 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:30 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Public
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 21 14:13 Videos
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ 

---

Working with Linux Repository

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
[sudo] password for jdublnx: 

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_312"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04-b07)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.312-b07, mixed mode)
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ 

• Java Home path set

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $JAVA_HOME

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib
lib/     lib32/   lib64/   libexec/ libx32/  
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64//bin
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_312"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04-b07)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.312-b07, mixed mode)

---

Working with Tar files

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Documents/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  Folder1  LMS
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls -l
total 20
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx  114  4月 23 15:24 Automobiles.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1631  4月 23 15:24 file1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 1671  4月 23 15:24 file2.txt
drwxrwxr-x 4 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 23 15:52 Folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx 4096  4月 22 17:15 LMS
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ tar -cvf lms.tar LMS
LMS/
LMS/file2.txt
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  Folder1  LMS  lms.tar
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls -l
total 32
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx   114  4月 23 15:24 Automobiles.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx  1631  4月 23 15:24 file1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx  1671  4月 23 15:24 file2.txt
drwxrwxr-x 4 jdublnx jdublnx  4096  4月 23 15:52 Folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx  4096  4月 23 20:30 LMS
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 10240  4月 23 20:31 lms.tar
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ tar -xvf lms.tar 
LMS/
LMS/file2.txt
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls -l
total 32
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx   114  4月 23 15:24 Automobiles.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx  1631  4月 23 15:24 file1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx  1671  4月 23 15:24 file2.txt
drwxrwxr-x 4 jdublnx jdublnx  4096  4月 23 15:52 Folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 jdublnx jdublnx  4096  4月 23 20:30 LMS
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jdublnx jdublnx 10240  4月 23 20:31 lms.tar
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$

---

Working with Environment Variables

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ printenv
SHELL=/bin/bash
SESSION_MANAGER=local/JDUBUNTO:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1658,unix/JDUBUNTO:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1658
QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
COLORTERM=truecolor
XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/etc/xdg
XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-
GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated
LC_ADDRESS=ja_JP.UTF-8
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=ubuntu
LC_NAME=ja_JP.UTF-8
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh
XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
DESKTOP_SESSION=ubuntu
LC_MONETARY=ja_JP.UTF-8
SSH_AGENT_PID=1619
GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
PWD=/home/jdublnx
LOGNAME=jdublnx
XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP=ubuntu
XDG_SESSION_TYPE=x11
GPG_AGENT_INFO=/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1
XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority
GJS_DEBUG_TOPICS=JS ERROR;JS LOG
WINDOWPATH=2
HOME=/home/jdublnx
USERNAME=jdublnx
IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
LC_PAPER=ja_JP.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=ubuntu:GNOME
VTE_VERSION=6003
GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN=/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/210f6476_a5a8_4d1e_8fd3_80eff4e79207
INVOCATION_ID=8bf3d0befd10446badd8c06c4705985d
MANAGERPID=1411
GJS_DEBUG_OUTPUT=stderr
LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user
TERM=xterm-256color
LC_IDENTIFICATION=ja_JP.UTF-8
LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
USER=jdublnx
GNOME_TERMINAL_SERVICE=:1.97
DISPLAY=:0
SHLVL=1
LC_TELEPHONE=ja_JP.UTF-8
QT_IM_MODULE=ibus
LC_MEASUREMENT=ja_JP.UTF-8
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
LC_TIME=ja_JP.UTF-8
JOURNAL_STREAM=8:36597
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64//bin
GDMSESSION=ubuntu
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus
LC_NUMERIC=ja_JP.UTF-8
OLDPWD=/home/jdublnx/Documents
_=/usr/bin/printenv
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $HOME
/home/jdublnx
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64//bin
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $HOSTNAME
JDUBUNTO
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $HOSTNAME
JDUBUNTO
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $USERNAME
jdublnx
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $LANG
en_US.UTF-8
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ echo $BASH_VERSION
5.0.17(1)-release
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ 

---

Working with Regular Expressions

jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ cd Documents/
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ ls
Automobiles.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  Folder1  LMS  lms.tar
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt 
Car
Mortorbikes
Train
Maruti
Ferrari
Lamborgini
Yamaha
Aprillia
Tata Motor
Honda
Suzuki
BMW
Audi
Volkswagen
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt  | grep a
Car
Train
Maruti
Ferrari
Lamborgini
Yamaha
Aprillia
Tata Motor
Honda
Volkswagen
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt  | grep ^a
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt  | grep -i ^a
Aprillia
Audi
Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt  | grep -i $a
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERNS [FILE]...
Try 'grep --help' for more information.
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt  | grep -i '$a'
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ cat Automobiles.txt  | grep -n 'a*'
1:Car
2:Mortorbikes
3:Train
4:Maruti
5:Ferrari
6:Lamborgini
7:Yamaha
8:Aprillia
9:Tata Motor
10:Honda
11:Suzuki
12:BMW
13:Audi
14:Volkswagen
15:Amber
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ echo {a..z}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
jdublnx@JDUBUNTO:~/Documents$ 

---

Process

---

Creating users

---

SSH (Secure Shell) for Remote Machine Access

---

--help command will give details about the command options

dublnx@JDUBUNTO:~$ ls --help
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all                  do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..
--author               with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape               print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE      with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;
e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups       do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c                         with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information);
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C                         list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN]         colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default
if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below
-d, --directory            list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired                generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f                         do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify             append indicator (one of /=>@|) to entries
--file-type            likewise, except do not append ''
--format=WORD          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g                         like -l, but do not list owner

---

How to install linux in windows OS

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install
• Turorial : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/setup/environment

Access windows os files into linux

jdwinlinux@DESKTOP-AS2FQOH:~/jddocs$ cd /mnt/c/
jdwinlinux@DESKTOP-AS2FQOH:/mnt/c$ ls
ls: cannot access 'DumpStack.log.tmp': Permission denied
ls: cannot access 'hiberfil.sys': Permission denied
ls: cannot access 'pagefile.sys': Permission denied
ls: cannot access 'swapfile.sys': Permission denied
'$Recycle.Bin'             DumpStack.log.tmp   PerfLogs                     Users          pagefile.sys
'$WinREAgent'              Gradle             'Program Files'               Windows        selenium
 AVScanner.ini             JD_Google_Drive    'Program Files (x86)'         app            swapfile.sys
 C_Drive                   Kompose             ProgramData                  gh             xampp
 D_Drive                   OD                  Recovery                     hiberfil.sys
'Documents and Settings'   OneDriveTemp       'System Volume Information'   kubectl
jdwinlinux@DESKTOP-AS2FQOH:/mnt/c$ cd D_Drive/
jdwinlinux@DESKTOP-AS2FQOH:/mnt/c/D_Drive$ ls
DXC  Job_Switch  Kirti  Personal  jdk-11.0.10_windows-x64_bin.exe  react
jdwinlinux@DESKTOP-AS2FQOH:/mnt/c/D_Drive$

Access linux files from windows files system

used comman from linux terminal " explorer.exe . Winfows file system : \\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\jdwinlinux