diff --git a/operator/pkg/controller/karmada/planner.go b/operator/pkg/controller/karmada/planner.go
index b3455c322c74..b55619a85976 100644
--- a/operator/pkg/controller/karmada/planner.go
+++ b/operator/pkg/controller/karmada/planner.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func NewPlannerFor(karmada *operatorv1alpha1.Karmada, c client.Client, config *r
 		}
 
 		options := operator.NewJobInitOptions(opts...)
-		job = operator.NewInitJob(options)
+		job = operator.NewInitJob(options, operator.DefaultInitTasks)
 
 	case DeInitAction:
 		opts := []operator.DeInitOpt{
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func NewPlannerFor(karmada *operatorv1alpha1.Karmada, c client.Client, config *r
 		}
 
 		options := operator.NewJobDeInitOptions(opts...)
-		job = operator.NewDeInitDataJob(options)
+		job = operator.NewDeInitDataJob(options, operator.DefaultDeInitTasks)
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to recognize action for karmada %s", karmada.Name)
 	}
diff --git a/operator/pkg/deinit.go b/operator/pkg/deinit.go
index e2fd08d658e8..3b0a2bd02521 100644
--- a/operator/pkg/deinit.go
+++ b/operator/pkg/deinit.go
@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/workflow"
 )
 
+var (
+	// DefaultDeInitTasks contains the default tasks to be executed during the deinitialization process.
+	DefaultDeInitTasks = []workflow.Task{
+		tasks.NewRemoveComponentTask(),
+		tasks.NewCleanupCertTask(),
+		tasks.NewCleanupKubeconfigTask(),
+	}
+)
+
 // DeInitOptions defines all the Deinit workflow options.
 type DeInitOptions struct {
 	Name        string
@@ -53,15 +62,19 @@ type deInitData struct {
 
 // NewDeInitDataJob initializes a deInit job with a list of sub tasks. and build
 // deinit runData object
-func NewDeInitDataJob(opt *DeInitOptions) *workflow.Job {
+func NewDeInitDataJob(opt *DeInitOptions, deInitTasks []workflow.Task) *workflow.Job {
 	deInitJob := workflow.NewJob()
 
-	deInitJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewRemoveComponentTask())
-	deInitJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewCleanupCertTask())
-	deInitJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewCleanupKubeconfigTask())
+	for _, task := range deInitTasks {
+		deInitJob.AppendTask(task)
+	}
 
 	deInitJob.SetDataInitializer(func() (workflow.RunData, error) {
-		localClusterClient, err := clientset.NewForConfig(opt.Kubeconfig)
+		if len(opt.Name) == 0 || len(opt.Namespace) == 0 {
+			return nil, errors.New("unexpected empty name or namespace")
+		}
+
+		localClusterClient, err := clientFactory(opt.Kubeconfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error when creating local cluster client, err: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -72,16 +85,12 @@ func NewDeInitDataJob(opt *DeInitOptions) *workflow.Job {
 		if util.IsInCluster(opt.HostCluster) {
 			remoteClient = localClusterClient
 		} else {
-			remoteClient, err = util.BuildClientFromSecretRef(localClusterClient, opt.HostCluster.SecretRef)
+			remoteClient, err = buildClientFromSecretRefFactory(localClusterClient, opt.HostCluster.SecretRef)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("error when creating cluster client to install karmada, err: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 
-		if len(opt.Name) == 0 || len(opt.Namespace) == 0 {
-			return nil, errors.New("unexpected empty name or namespace")
-		}
-
 		return &deInitData{
 			name:         opt.Name,
 			namespace:    opt.Namespace,
diff --git a/operator/pkg/deinit_test.go b/operator/pkg/deinit_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fba9ba4d05a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/operator/pkg/deinit_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Karmada Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package karmada
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+
+	operatorv1alpha1 "github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/apis/operator/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/workflow"
+)
+
+func TestNewDeInitDataJob(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		deInitOptions *DeInitOptions
+		tasksExpected []workflow.Task
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "NewDeInitDataJob_WithInitTasks_AllIsSubset",
+			deInitOptions: &DeInitOptions{
+				Name:        "test_deinit",
+				Namespace:   "test",
+				Kubeconfig:  &rest.Config{},
+				HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{},
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultDeInitTasks,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			deInitJob := NewDeInitDataJob(test.deInitOptions, test.tasksExpected)
+			err := containAllTasks(deInitJob.Tasks, test.tasksExpected)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error, got: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunNewDeInitJob(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		deInitOptions *DeInitOptions
+		tasksExpected []workflow.Task
+		mockFunc      func()
+		wantErr       bool
+		errMsg        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "RunNewDeInitJob_EmptyNamespace_NamespaceIsEmpty",
+			deInitOptions: &DeInitOptions{
+				Name:        "test_deinit",
+				Kubeconfig:  &rest.Config{},
+				HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{},
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultDeInitTasks,
+			mockFunc:      func() {},
+			wantErr:       true,
+			errMsg:        "unexpected empty name or namespace",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "RunNewDeInitJob_EmptyName_NameIsEmpty",
+			deInitOptions: &DeInitOptions{
+				Namespace:   "test",
+				Kubeconfig:  &rest.Config{},
+				HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{},
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultDeInitTasks,
+			mockFunc:      func() {},
+			wantErr:       true,
+			errMsg:        "unexpected empty name",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "RunNewDeInitJob_FailedToCreateLocalClusterClient_LocalClusterClientCreationError",
+			deInitOptions: &DeInitOptions{
+				Name:        "test_deinit",
+				Namespace:   "test",
+				Kubeconfig:  &rest.Config{},
+				HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{},
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultDeInitTasks,
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create local cluster client")
+				}
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "failed to create local cluster client",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "RunNewDeInitJob_FailedToCreateRemoteClusterClient_RemoteClusterClientCreationError",
+			deInitOptions: &DeInitOptions{
+				Name:        "test_deinit",
+				Namespace:   "test",
+				Kubeconfig:  &rest.Config{},
+				HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{},
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultDeInitTasks,
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create remote cluster client")
+				}
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "failed to create remote cluster client",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "RunNewDeInitJob_WithDeInitTasks_RunIsSuccessful",
+			deInitOptions: &DeInitOptions{
+				Name:        "test_deinit",
+				Namespace:   "test",
+				Kubeconfig:  &rest.Config{},
+				HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{},
+			},
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(), nil
+				}
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultDeInitTasks,
+			wantErr:       false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			test.mockFunc()
+			deInitJob := NewDeInitDataJob(test.deInitOptions, test.tasksExpected)
+			err := deInitJob.Run()
+			if (err != nil && !test.wantErr) || (err == nil && test.wantErr) {
+				t.Errorf("RunNewDeInitJob() = got %v error, but want %t error", err, test.wantErr)
+			}
+			if (err != nil && test.wantErr) && (!strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.errMsg)) {
+				t.Errorf("RunNewDeInitJob() = got %s, want %s", err.Error(), test.errMsg)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/operator/pkg/init.go b/operator/pkg/init.go
index 31a0bce99cdb..92ed53eac65a 100644
--- a/operator/pkg/init.go
+++ b/operator/pkg/init.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	utilerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
 	utilversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/version"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
@@ -39,6 +38,24 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
+	// DefaultInitTasks contains the default tasks to be executed during the initialization process.
+	DefaultInitTasks = []workflow.Task{
+		tasks.NewPrepareCrdsTask(),
+		tasks.NewCertTask(),
+		tasks.NewNamespaceTask(),
+		tasks.NewUploadCertsTask(),
+		tasks.NewEtcdTask(),
+		tasks.NewKarmadaApiserverTask(),
+		tasks.NewUploadKubeconfigTask(),
+		tasks.NewKarmadaAggregatedApiserverTask(),
+		tasks.NewCheckApiserverHealthTask(),
+		tasks.NewKarmadaResourcesTask(),
+		tasks.NewRBACTask(),
+		tasks.NewComponentTask(),
+		tasks.NewWaitControlPlaneTask(),
+	}
+
+	// defaultCrdURL is the URL for fetching CRDs.
 	defaultCrdURL = "https://github.com/karmada-io/karmada/releases/download/%s/crds.tar.gz"
 )
 
@@ -55,16 +72,17 @@ type InitOptions struct {
 
 // Validate is used to validate the initOptions before creating initJob.
 func (opt *InitOptions) Validate() error {
-	var errs []error
-
 	if len(opt.Name) == 0 || len(opt.Namespace) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("unexpected empty name or namespace")
 	}
 	if opt.CRDTarball.HTTPSource != nil {
 		if _, err := url.Parse(opt.CRDTarball.HTTPSource.URL); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected invalid crds remote url %s", opt.CRDTarball.HTTPSource.URL)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected invalid crds remote url %s, err: %w", opt.CRDTarball.HTTPSource.URL, err)
 		}
 	}
+	if opt.Karmada == nil || opt.Karmada.Spec.Components == nil || opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.KarmadaAPIServer == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid Karmada configuration: Karmada, Karmada components, and Karmada API server must be defined")
+	}
 	if !util.IsInCluster(opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster) && opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.KarmadaAPIServer.ServiceType == corev1.ServiceTypeClusterIP {
 		return fmt.Errorf("if karmada is installed in a remote cluster, the service type of karmada-apiserver must be either NodePort or LoadBalancer")
 	}
@@ -73,7 +91,7 @@ func (opt *InitOptions) Validate() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected karmada invalid version %s", opt.KarmadaVersion)
 	}
 
-	if opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.Etcd.Local != nil && opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.Etcd.Local.CommonSettings.Replicas != nil {
+	if opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.Etcd != nil && opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.Etcd.Local != nil && opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.Etcd.Local.CommonSettings.Replicas != nil {
 		replicas := *opt.Karmada.Spec.Components.Etcd.Local.CommonSettings.Replicas
 
 		if (replicas % 2) == 0 {
@@ -81,7 +99,7 @@ func (opt *InitOptions) Validate() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return utilerrors.NewAggregate(errs)
+	return nil
 }
 
 // InitOpt defines a type of function to set InitOptions values.
@@ -111,23 +129,13 @@ type initData struct {
 
 // NewInitJob initializes a job with list of init sub-task. and build
 // init runData object.
-func NewInitJob(opt *InitOptions) *workflow.Job {
+func NewInitJob(opt *InitOptions, initTasks []workflow.Task) *workflow.Job {
 	initJob := workflow.NewJob()
 
 	// add the all tasks to the init job workflow.
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewPrepareCrdsTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewCertTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewNamespaceTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewUploadCertsTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewEtcdTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewKarmadaApiserverTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewUploadKubeconfigTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewKarmadaAggregatedApiserverTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewCheckApiserverHealthTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewKarmadaResourcesTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewRBACTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewComponentTask())
-	initJob.AppendTask(tasks.NewWaitControlPlaneTask())
+	for _, task := range initTasks {
+		initJob.AppendTask(task)
+	}
 
 	initJob.SetDataInitializer(func() (workflow.RunData, error) {
 		return newRunData(opt)
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ func newRunData(opt *InitOptions) (*initData, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	localClusterClient, err := clientset.NewForConfig(opt.Kubeconfig)
+	localClusterClient, err := clientFactory(opt.Kubeconfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error when creating local cluster client, err: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -152,7 +160,7 @@ func newRunData(opt *InitOptions) (*initData, error) {
 	if util.IsInCluster(opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster) {
 		remoteClient = localClusterClient
 	} else {
-		remoteClient, err = util.BuildClientFromSecretRef(localClusterClient, opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster.SecretRef)
+		remoteClient, err = buildClientFromSecretRefFactory(localClusterClient, opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster.SecretRef)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error when creating cluster client to install karmada, err: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -177,6 +185,11 @@ func newRunData(opt *InitOptions) (*initData, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	var hostClusterDNSDomain string
+	if opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster != nil && opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster.Networking != nil && opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster.Networking.DNSDomain != nil {
+		hostClusterDNSDomain = *opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster.Networking.DNSDomain
+	}
+
 	return &initData{
 		name:                opt.Name,
 		namespace:           opt.Namespace,
@@ -188,7 +201,7 @@ func newRunData(opt *InitOptions) (*initData, error) {
 		privateRegistry:     privateRegistry,
 		components:          opt.Karmada.Spec.Components,
 		featureGates:        opt.Karmada.Spec.FeatureGates,
-		dnsDomain:           *opt.Karmada.Spec.HostCluster.Networking.DNSDomain,
+		dnsDomain:           hostClusterDNSDomain,
 		CertStore:           certs.NewCertStore(),
 	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/operator/pkg/init_test.go b/operator/pkg/init_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..93d6a9f53ac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/operator/pkg/init_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Karmada Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package karmada
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	utilversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/version"
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	"k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
+	operatorv1alpha1 "github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/apis/operator/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/certs"
+	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/constants"
+	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/workflow"
+)
+
+func TestValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		initOptions *InitOptions
+		wantErr     bool
+		errMsg      string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Validate_WithoutInitWorkflowNameOpt_UnexpectedEmptyName",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Namespace:      "test",
+				Karmada:        &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{},
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "unexpected empty name",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Validate_WithoutInitWorkflowNamespaceOpt_UnexpectedEmptyNamespace",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:           "test_init",
+				Karmada:        &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{},
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "unexpected empty name or namespace",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Validate_InvalidWorkflowCRDTarballURL_UnexpectedInvalidCRDs",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:           "test_init",
+				Namespace:      "test",
+				Karmada:        &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{},
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+				CRDTarball: operatorv1alpha1.CRDTarball{
+					HTTPSource: &operatorv1alpha1.HTTPSource{
+						URL: "http://%41:8080/",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  fmt.Sprintf("invalid URL escape \"%s\"", "%41"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Validate_InvalidKarmadaConfig_KarmadaConfigMustBeDefined",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:           "test_init",
+				Namespace:      "test",
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "invalid Karmada configuration: Karmada, Karmada components, and Karmada API server must be defined",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Validate_InvalidKarmadaAPIServerServiceType_UnexpectedServiceType",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{
+							APIEndpoint: "10.0.0.1",
+							SecretRef: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference{
+								Name:      "test-secret",
+								Namespace: "test",
+							},
+						},
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeClusterIP,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "service type of karmada-apiserver must be either NodePort or LoadBalancer",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Validate_InvalidKarmadaVersion_UnexpectedKarmadaInvalidVersion",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeClusterIP,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: "v1;1;0",
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  fmt.Sprintf("unexpected karmada invalid version %s", "v1;1;0"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Validate_ValidOptions_IsValidated",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{
+							APIEndpoint: "10.0.0.1",
+							SecretRef: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference{
+								Name:      "test-secret",
+								Namespace: "test",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := test.initOptions.Validate()
+			if (err != nil && !test.wantErr) || (err == nil && test.wantErr) {
+				t.Errorf("Validate() = got %v error, but want %t error", err, test.wantErr)
+			}
+			if (err != nil && test.wantErr) && (!strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.errMsg)) {
+				t.Errorf("Validate() = got %s, want %s", err.Error(), test.errMsg)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewInitJob(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		initOptions   *InitOptions
+		tasksExpected []workflow.Task
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "NewInitJob_WithInitTasks_AllIsSubset",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion,
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+				Kubeconfig:     &rest.Config{},
+			},
+			tasksExpected: DefaultInitTasks,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			initJob := NewInitJob(test.initOptions, test.tasksExpected)
+			err := containAllTasks(initJob.Tasks, test.tasksExpected)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error, got: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewRunData(t *testing.T) {
+	karmadaVersion, err := utilversion.ParseGeneric(operatorv1alpha1.DefaultKarmadaImageVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parrse karmada version: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(
+		&corev1.Node{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+				Name: "node-1",
+				Labels: map[string]string{
+					"node-role.kubernetes.io/master": "",
+				},
+			},
+			Status: corev1.NodeStatus{
+				Addresses: []corev1.NodeAddress{
+					{
+						Type:    corev1.NodeInternalIP,
+						Address: "192.168.1.1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&corev1.Node{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+				Name: "node-2",
+			},
+			Status: corev1.NodeStatus{
+				Addresses: []corev1.NodeAddress{
+					{
+						Type:    corev1.NodeInternalIP,
+						Address: "192.168.1.2",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		initOptions  *InitOptions
+		initTasks    []workflow.Task
+		mockFunc     func()
+		wantInitData *initData
+		wantErr      bool
+		errMsg       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "NewRunData_EmptyNamespace_NamespaceIsEmpty",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name: "test_init",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: karmadaVersion.String(),
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			mockFunc: func() {},
+			wantErr:  true,
+			errMsg:   "unexpected empty name or namespace",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NewRunData_FailedToCreateLocalClusterClient_LocalClusterClientCreationError",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: karmadaVersion.String(),
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create local cluster client")
+				}
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "failed to create local cluster client",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NewRunData_FailedToCreateRemoteClusterClient_RemoteClusterClientCreationError",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						HostCluster: &operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster{
+							APIEndpoint: "10.0.0.1",
+							SecretRef: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference{
+								Name:      "test-secret",
+								Namespace: "test",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: karmadaVersion.String(),
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(), nil
+				}
+				buildClientFromSecretRefFactory = func(clientset.Interface, *operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create remote cluster client")
+				}
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "failed to create remote cluster client",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NewRunData_InvalidKarmadaVersion_UnexpectedKarmadaVersion",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				KarmadaVersion: "v1;1;0",
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(), nil
+				}
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  fmt.Sprintf("karmada invalid version %s", "v1;1;0"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NewRunData_ValidInitOptions_ExpectedInitDataReturned",
+			initOptions: &InitOptions{
+				Name:      "test_init",
+				Namespace: "test",
+				Karmada: &operatorv1alpha1.Karmada{
+					Spec: operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaSpec{
+						Components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+							KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+								ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+							},
+							Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+								Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+									CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+										Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						FeatureGates: map[string]bool{},
+					},
+				},
+				CRDTarball:     operatorv1alpha1.CRDTarball{},
+				KarmadaVersion: karmadaVersion.String(),
+				KarmadaDataDir: constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+			},
+			mockFunc: func() {
+				clientFactory = func(*rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+					return client, nil
+				}
+			},
+			wantInitData: &initData{
+				name:                "test_init",
+				namespace:           "test",
+				karmadaVersion:      karmadaVersion,
+				controlplaneAddress: "192.168.1.1",
+				remoteClient:        client,
+				CRDTarball:          operatorv1alpha1.CRDTarball{},
+				karmadaDataDir:      constants.KarmadaDataDir,
+				privateRegistry:     "",
+				components: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaComponents{
+					KarmadaAPIServer: &operatorv1alpha1.KarmadaAPIServer{
+						ServiceType: corev1.ServiceTypeNodePort,
+					},
+					Etcd: &operatorv1alpha1.Etcd{
+						Local: &operatorv1alpha1.LocalEtcd{
+							CommonSettings: operatorv1alpha1.CommonSettings{
+								Replicas: ptr.To[int32](5),
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				featureGates: map[string]bool{},
+				dnsDomain:    "",
+				CertStore:    certs.NewCertStore(),
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			test.mockFunc()
+			initData, err := newRunData(test.initOptions)
+			if (err != nil && !test.wantErr) || (err == nil && test.wantErr) {
+				t.Errorf("newRunData() = got %v error, but want %t error", err, test.wantErr)
+			}
+			if (err != nil && test.wantErr) && (!strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.errMsg)) {
+				t.Errorf("newRunData() = got %s, want %s", err.Error(), test.errMsg)
+			}
+
+			err = deepEqualInitData(initData, test.wantInitData)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("newRunData() = initData and wantInitData are not matched, got err: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func deepEqualInitData(data1, data2 *initData) error {
+	if data1 == nil && data2 == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if data1.name != data2.name {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected name %s, got %s", data2.name, data1.name)
+	}
+
+	if data1.namespace != data2.namespace {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected namespace %s, got %s", data2.namespace, data1.namespace)
+	}
+
+	if data1.controlplaneAddress != data2.controlplaneAddress {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected control plane address %s, got %s", data2.controlplaneAddress, data1.controlplaneAddress)
+	}
+
+	if data1.karmadaDataDir != data2.karmadaDataDir {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected karmada data dir %s, got %s", data2.karmadaDataDir, data1.karmadaDataDir)
+	}
+
+	if data1.privateRegistry != data2.privateRegistry {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected private registry %s, got %s", data2.privateRegistry, data1.privateRegistry)
+	}
+
+	if data1.dnsDomain != data2.dnsDomain {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected dns domain %s, got %s", data2.dnsDomain, data1.dnsDomain)
+	}
+
+	if data1.KarmadaVersion() != data2.KarmadaVersion() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected karamda version %s, got %s", data2.KarmadaVersion(), data1.KarmadaVersion())
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(data1.featureGates, data2.featureGates) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected feature gates %v, got %v", data2.featureGates, data1.featureGates)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(data1.components, data2.components) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected karmada components %v, got %v", data2.components, data1.components)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(data1.remoteClient, data2.remoteClient) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected remote client %v, got %v", data2.remoteClient, data1.remoteClient)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(data1.CRDTarball, data2.CRDTarball) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected CRD Tarball %v, got %v", data2.CRDTarball, data1.CRDTarball)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(data1.CertStore.CertList(), data2.CertStore.CertList()) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expdcted cert store list %v, got %v", data2.CertStore.CertList(), data1.CertStore.CertList())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/operator/pkg/test_helper.go b/operator/pkg/test_helper.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6c961b47683a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/operator/pkg/test_helper.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Karmada Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package karmada
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+
+	operatorv1alpha1 "github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/apis/operator/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/util"
+	"github.com/karmada-io/karmada/operator/pkg/workflow"
+)
+
+var (
+	// clientFactory creates a new Kubernetes clientset from the provided kubeconfig.
+	clientFactory = func(kubeconfig *rest.Config) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+		return clientset.NewForConfig(kubeconfig)
+	}
+
+	// buildClientFromSecretRefFactory constructs a Kubernetes clientset using a LocalSecretReference.
+	buildClientFromSecretRefFactory = func(client clientset.Interface, ref *operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+		return util.BuildClientFromSecretRef(client, ref)
+	}
+)
+
+func containAllTasks(tasks, subset []workflow.Task) error {
+	for _, subsetTask := range subset {
+		found := false
+		for _, task := range tasks {
+			found = deepEqualTasks(task, subsetTask) == nil
+			if found {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			return fmt.Errorf("subset task %v not found in tasks", subsetTask)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func deepEqualTasks(t1, t2 workflow.Task) error {
+	if t1.Name != t2.Name {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected t1 name %s, but got %s", t2.Name, t1.Name)
+	}
+
+	if t1.RunSubTasks != t2.RunSubTasks {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected t1 RunSubTasks flag %t, but got %t", t2.RunSubTasks, t1.RunSubTasks)
+	}
+
+	if len(t1.Tasks) != len(t2.Tasks) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected t1 tasks length %d, but got %d", len(t2.Tasks), len(t1.Tasks))
+	}
+
+	for index := range t1.Tasks {
+		err := deepEqualTasks(t1.Tasks[index], t2.Tasks[index])
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected error; tasks are not equal, got %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if reflect.ValueOf(t1.Skip).Pointer() != reflect.ValueOf(t2.Skip).Pointer() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected t1 Skip func %v, but got %v", reflect.ValueOf(t2.Skip).Pointer(), reflect.ValueOf(t1.Skip).Pointer())
+	}
+	if reflect.ValueOf(t1.Run).Pointer() != reflect.ValueOf(t2.Run).Pointer() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected t1 Run func %v, but got %v", reflect.ValueOf(t2.Run).Pointer(), reflect.ValueOf(t1.Run).Pointer())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/operator/pkg/util/kubeconfig.go b/operator/pkg/util/kubeconfig.go
index 6fb65b7adade..3904d2cd8ea1 100644
--- a/operator/pkg/util/kubeconfig.go
+++ b/operator/pkg/util/kubeconfig.go
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func IsInCluster(hostCluster *operatorv1alpha1.HostCluster) bool {
 }
 
 // BuildClientFromSecretRef builds a clientset from the secret reference.
-func BuildClientFromSecretRef(client *clientset.Clientset, ref *operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference) (*clientset.Clientset, error) {
+func BuildClientFromSecretRef(client clientset.Interface, ref *operatorv1alpha1.LocalSecretReference) (clientset.Interface, error) {
 	secret, err := client.CoreV1().Secrets(ref.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), ref.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func BuildClientFromSecretRef(client *clientset.Clientset, ref *operatorv1alpha1
 	return newClientSetForConfig(kubeconfigBytes)
 }
 
-func newClientSetForConfig(kubeconfig []byte) (*clientset.Clientset, error) {
+func newClientSetForConfig(kubeconfig []byte) (clientset.Interface, error) {
 	clientConfig, err := clientcmd.NewClientConfigFromBytes(kubeconfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err