[release-1.30] chore: upgrade golang version

[andyzhangx]

What type of PR is this?
/kind failing-test

cherrypick of #2498

What this PR does / why we need it:
chore: upgrade golang version

azurefileplugin (gobinary)
==========================
Total: 3 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 2, HIGH: 1, CRITICAL: 0)

┌─────────┬────────────────┬──────────┬────────┬───────────────────┬────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Library │ Vulnerability  │ Severity │ Status │ Installed Version │ Fixed Version  │                            Title                            │
├─────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ stdlib  │ CVE-2024-[34](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/azurefile-csi-driver/actions/runs/10708260683/job/29848010527#step:6:35)156 │ HIGH     │ fixed  │ 1.23.0            │ 1.22.7, 1.23.1 │ encoding/gob: golang: Calling Decoder.Decode on a message   │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ which contains deeply nested structures...                  │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2024-34156                  │
│         ├────────────────┼──────────┤        │                   │                ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         │ CVE-2024-34155 │ MEDIUM   │        │                   │                │ go/parser: golang: Calling any of the Parse functions       │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ containing deeply nested literals...                        │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2024-3[41](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/azurefile-csi-driver/actions/runs/10708260683/job/29848010527#step:6:42)55                  │
│         ├────────────────┤          │        │                   │                ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         │ CVE-2024-34158 │          │        │                   │                │ go/build/constraint: golang: Calling Parse on a "// +build" │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ build tag line with...                                      │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2024-34158                  │
└─────────┴────────────────┴──────────┴────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Requirements:

• uses conventional commit messages
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests
• tested upgrade from previous version

Special notes for your reviewer:

Release note:

none

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[andyzhangx]

/retest

[andyzhangx]

/test pull-azuredisk-csi-driver-e2e-capz

[andyzhangx]

/retest