Make Topology-Aware Scheduling compatible with cohorts and preemption

[mimowo]

What would you like to be added:

Make TAS compatible with cohorts and preemption.

Why is this needed:

Currently, TAS does not work when cohorts or preemption are used. In that case the CQ is marked as inactive (see https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kueue/tree/main/keps/2724-topology-aware-scheduling#alpha).

Completion requirements:

This enhancement requires the following artifacts:

• Design doc
• API change
• Docs update

The artifacts should be linked in subsequent comments.

[mimowo]

cc @mwielgus @mwysokin @tenzen-y

[mimowo]

Listing cleanups to do identified during #4200:

• introduce PodSetReference to represent PodSet names for static code analysis
• add a unit test for if len(cq.TASFlavors) == 0 { as requested in comment
• add a unit test for if cq.TASFlavors[*tasFlvr] == nil { as requested in comment
• attempt to commonize the structures for PodSetResources and TASPodSetRequests as requested in comment

[tenzen-y]

Could you add #4200 (comment) to your list?

[mimowo]

Sure, updated the list, but I think long-term it is better to manage in the refreshed spreadsheet.

[tenzen-y]

spreadsheet

Thanks, SGTM