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Demo: Injecting k8s runtime data into containers

In this tutorial, you will learn how to use kustomize to declare a variable reference and substitute it in container's command. Note that, the substitution is not for arbitrary fields, it is only applicable to container env, args and command.

To run WordPress, it's necessary to

  • connect WordPress with a MySQL database
  • access the service name of MySQL database from WordPress container

First make a place to work:

DEMO_HOME=$(mktemp -d)
MYSQL_HOME=$DEMO_HOME/mysql
mkdir -p $MYSQL_HOME
WORDPRESS_HOME=$DEMO_HOME/wordpress
mkdir -p $WORDPRESS_HOME

Download resources

Download the resources and kustomization.yaml for WordPress.

CONTENT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com\
/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize\
/master/examples/wordpress/wordpress"

curl -s -o "$WORDPRESS_HOME/#1.yaml" \
  "$CONTENT/{deployment,service,kustomization}.yaml"

Download the resources and kustomization.yaml for MySQL.

CONTENT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com\
/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize\
/master/examples/wordpress/mysql"

curl -s -o "$MYSQL_HOME/#1.yaml" \
  "$CONTENT/{deployment,service,secret,kustomization}.yaml"

Create kustomization.yaml

Create a new kustomization with two bases, wordpress and mysql:

cat <<EOF >$DEMO_HOME/kustomization.yaml
resources:
- wordpress
- mysql
namePrefix: demo-
patches:
- path: patch.yaml
EOF

Download patch for WordPress

In the new kustomization, apply a patch for wordpress deployment. The patch does two things

  • Add an initial container to show the mysql service name
  • Add environment variable that allow wordpress to find the mysql database
CONTENT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com\
/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize\
/master/examples/wordpress"

curl -s -o "$DEMO_HOME/#1.yaml" \
  "$CONTENT/{patch}.yaml"

The patch has following content

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: wordpress
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      initContainers:
      - name: init-command
        image: debian
        command: ["/bin/sh"]
        args: ["-c", "echo $(WORDPRESS_SERVICE); echo $(MYSQL_SERVICE)"]
      containers:
      - name: wordpress
        env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: $(MYSQL_SERVICE)
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-pass
              key: password

The init container's command requires information that depends on k8s resource object fields, represented by the placeholder variables $(WORDPRESS_SERVICE) and $(MYSQL_SERVICE).

Bind the Variables to k8s Object Fields

cat <<EOF >>$DEMO_HOME/kustomization.yaml
vars:
  - name: WORDPRESS_SERVICE
    objref:
      kind: Service
      name: wordpress
      apiVersion: v1
    fieldref:
      fieldpath: metadata.name
  - name: MYSQL_SERVICE
    objref:
      kind: Service
      name: mysql
      apiVersion: v1
EOF

WORDPRESS_SERVICE is from the field metadata.name of Service wordpress. If we don't specify fieldref, the default is metadata.name. So MYSQL_SERVICE is from the field metadata.name of Service mysql.

Substitution

Confirm the variable substitution:

kustomize build $DEMO_HOME

Expect this in the output:

(truncated)
...
    initContainers:
    - args:
      - -c
      - echo demo-wordpress; echo demo-mysql
      command:
      - /bin/sh
      image: debian
      name: init-command