diff --git a/kustomize/commands/build/build_benchmark_test.go b/kustomize/commands/build/build_benchmark_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d78d2b0fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kustomize/commands/build/build_benchmark_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Kubernetes Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package build_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kustomize/v5/commands/build"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"
+)
+
+// GenConfig configures the generation of a kustomization tree for benchmarking purposes
+type GenConfig struct {
+	// The number of plain file resources to generate
+	fileResources int
+
+	// The number of subdirectories to generate
+	resources int
+
+	// The number of patches to generate
+	patches int
+
+	// Whether to generate a namespace field
+	namespaced bool
+
+	// The name prefix to use (if any)
+	namePrefix string
+
+	// The name suffix to use (if any)
+	nameSuffix string
+
+	// Common labels to use (if any)
+	commonLabels map[string]string
+
+	// Common annotations to use (if any)
+	commonAnnotations map[string]string
+}
+
+func makeKustomization(configs []GenConfig, fSys filesys.FileSystem, path, id string, depth int) error {
+	cfg := configs[depth]
+	if err := fSys.MkdirAll(path); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to make directory %v: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if cfg.namespaced {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "namespace: %s\n", id)
+	}
+
+	if cfg.namePrefix != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "namePrefix: %s\n", cfg.namePrefix)
+	}
+
+	if cfg.nameSuffix != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "nameSuffix: %s\n", cfg.nameSuffix)
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.commonLabels) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "commonLabels:\n")
+		for k, v := range cfg.commonLabels {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "  %s: %s\n", k, v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.commonAnnotations) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "commonAnnotations:\n")
+		for k, v := range cfg.commonAnnotations {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "  %s: %s\n", k, v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cfg.fileResources > 0 || cfg.resources > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "resources:\n")
+		for res := 0; res < cfg.fileResources; res++ {
+			fn := fmt.Sprintf("res%d.yaml", res)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " - %v\n", fn)
+
+			cm := fmt.Sprintf(`kind: ConfigMap
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: %s-%d
+  labels:
+    foo: bar
+  annotations:
+    baz: blatti
+data:
+  k: v
+`, id, res)
+			if err := fSys.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, fn), []byte(cm)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to write file resource: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for res := 0; res < cfg.resources; res++ {
+			fn := fmt.Sprintf("res%d", res)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " - %v\n", fn)
+			if err := makeKustomization(configs, fSys, path+"/"+fn, fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", id, res), depth+1); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to make kustomization: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for res := 0; res < cfg.patches; res++ {
+		if res == 0 {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "patches:\n")
+		}
+
+		// alternate between json and yaml patches to test both kinds
+		if res%2 == 0 {
+			fn := fmt.Sprintf("patch%d.yaml", res)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " - path: %v\n", fn)
+			cmPatch := fmt.Sprintf(`kind: ConfigMap
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: %s-%d
+data:
+  k: v2
+`, id, res)
+			if err := fSys.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, fn), []byte(cmPatch)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to write patch: %w", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			fn := fmt.Sprintf("patch%d.json", res)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&buf, ` - path: %v
+   target:
+    version: v1
+    kind: ConfigMap
+    name: %s-%d
+`, fn, id, res-1)
+			patch := `[{"op": "add", "path": "/data/k2", "value": "3"} ]`
+			if err := fSys.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, fn), []byte(patch)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to write patch: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := fSys.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "kustomization.yaml"), buf.Bytes()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write kustomization.yaml: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func BenchmarkBuild(b *testing.B) {
+	// This benchmark generates a kustomization tree with the following structure:
+	genConfig := []GenConfig{
+		{
+			resources: 2, // two nested resources
+
+			// these operations should be very fast, so lets perform them on a *lot* of resources
+			namePrefix: "foo-",
+			nameSuffix: "-bar",
+			commonLabels: map[string]string{
+				"foo": "bar",
+			},
+			commonAnnotations: map[string]string{
+				"baz": "blatti",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			// test some more nesting (this could be `apps/` or `components/` directory with 50 apps or components)
+			resources: 50,
+		},
+		{
+			// this should be almost the same as using 150 above and skipping it, but it is currently not, so lets have some more nesting
+			resources: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			// here we have an actual component/app with lots or resources. Typically here we set namespace and have some patches
+			resources:     1,
+			namespaced:    true,
+			fileResources: 30,
+			patches:       10,
+		},
+		{
+			// we can also have a base/ or shared resources included into the namespace
+			fileResources: 2,
+		},
+	}
+
+	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
+	if err := makeKustomization(genConfig, fSys, "testdata", "res", 0); err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		buffy := new(bytes.Buffer)
+		cmd := NewCmdBuild(fSys, MakeHelp("foo", "bar"), buffy)
+		if err := cmd.RunE(cmd, []string{"./testdata"}); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}