diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 23512ff..c1fed25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        php: [8.2, 8.3]
+        php: [8.2, 8.3, 8.4]
         laravel: [11]
 
     steps:
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index f82979e..444db4e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,17 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This projec
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+## [4.3.0] - 2024-11-26
+
+### Added
+
+- [#19](https://github.com/laravel-json-api/core/pull/19) The `Authorizer` contract now allows all methods to return a
+  `bool` or an authorizer response.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Removed deprecation notices in PHP 8.4.
+
 ## [4.2.0] - 2024-08-21
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 16e6df1..0098432 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     "require": {
         "php": "^8.2",
         "ext-json": "*",
+        "illuminate/auth": "^11.33",
         "illuminate/contracts": "^11.0",
         "illuminate/http": "^11.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^11.0"
diff --git a/phpunit.xml b/phpunit.xml
index b54b694..d2cb9ed 100644
--- a/phpunit.xml
+++ b/phpunit.xml
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
          failOnWarning="true"
          failOnDeprecation="true"
          failOnNotice="true"
+         displayDetailsOnTestsThatTriggerDeprecations="true"
 >
   <coverage/>
   <testsuites>
diff --git a/src/Contracts/Auth/Authorizer.php b/src/Contracts/Auth/Authorizer.php
index 8c83b4d..2378e30 100644
--- a/src/Contracts/Auth/Authorizer.php
+++ b/src/Contracts/Auth/Authorizer.php
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 namespace LaravelJsonApi\Contracts\Auth;
 
+use Illuminate\Auth\Access\Response;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 interface Authorizer
@@ -20,45 +21,45 @@ interface Authorizer
      *
      * @param Request $request
      * @param string $modelClass
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function index(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool;
+    public function index(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the store controller action.
      *
      * @param Request $request
      * @param string $modelClass
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function store(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool;
+    public function store(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the show controller action.
      *
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function show(Request $request, object $model): bool;
+    public function show(Request $request, object $model): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the update controller action.
      *
      * @param object $model
      * @param Request $request
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function update(Request $request, object $model): bool;
+    public function update(Request $request, object $model): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the destroy controller action.
      *
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function destroy(Request $request, object $model): bool;
+    public function destroy(Request $request, object $model): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the show-related controller action.
@@ -66,9 +67,9 @@ public function destroy(Request $request, object $model): bool;
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
      * @param string $fieldName
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function showRelated(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool;
+    public function showRelated(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the show-relationship controller action.
@@ -76,9 +77,9 @@ public function showRelated(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName):
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
      * @param string $fieldName
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function showRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool;
+    public function showRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the update-relationship controller action.
@@ -86,9 +87,9 @@ public function showRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldN
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
      * @param string $fieldName
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function updateRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool;
+    public function updateRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the attach-relationship controller action.
@@ -96,9 +97,9 @@ public function updateRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fiel
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
      * @param string $fieldName
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function attachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool;
+    public function attachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response;
 
     /**
      * Authorize the detach-relationship controller action.
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ public function attachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fiel
      * @param Request $request
      * @param object $model
      * @param string $fieldName
-     * @return bool
+     * @return bool|Response
      */
-    public function detachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool;
+    public function detachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response;
 }
diff --git a/src/Contracts/Schema/Schema.php b/src/Contracts/Schema/Schema.php
index eb769cb..f5d488c 100644
--- a/src/Contracts/Schema/Schema.php
+++ b/src/Contracts/Schema/Schema.php
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public function uriType(): string;
      * @param bool|null $secure
      * @return string
      */
-    public function url($extra = [], bool $secure = null): string;
+    public function url($extra = [], ?bool $secure = null): string;
 
     /**
      * Do resources of this type have a `self` link?
diff --git a/src/Contracts/Server/Server.php b/src/Contracts/Server/Server.php
index 94add03..1384f00 100644
--- a/src/Contracts/Server/Server.php
+++ b/src/Contracts/Server/Server.php
@@ -74,5 +74,5 @@ public function authorizable(): bool;
      * @param bool|null $secure
      * @return string
      */
-    public function url($extra = [], bool $secure = null): string;
+    public function url($extra = [], ?bool $secure = null): string;
 }
diff --git a/src/Core/Auth/Authorizer.php b/src/Core/Auth/Authorizer.php
index 31b4a8d..2347752 100644
--- a/src/Core/Auth/Authorizer.php
+++ b/src/Core/Auth/Authorizer.php
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 namespace LaravelJsonApi\Core\Auth;
 
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Access\Response;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use LaravelJsonApi\Contracts\Auth\Authorizer as AuthorizerContract;
 use LaravelJsonApi\Contracts\Schema\Schema;
@@ -47,10 +48,10 @@ public function __construct(Gate $gate, JsonApiService $service)
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function index(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool
+    public function index(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'viewAny',
                 $modelClass
             );
@@ -62,10 +63,10 @@ public function index(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function store(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool
+    public function store(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'create',
                 $modelClass
             );
@@ -77,10 +78,10 @@ public function store(Request $request, string $modelClass): bool
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function show(Request $request, object $model): bool
+    public function show(Request $request, object $model): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'view',
                 $model
             );
@@ -92,10 +93,10 @@ public function show(Request $request, object $model): bool
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function update(Request $request, object $model): bool
+    public function update(Request $request, object $model): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'update',
                 $model
             );
@@ -107,10 +108,10 @@ public function update(Request $request, object $model): bool
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function destroy(Request $request, object $model): bool
+    public function destroy(Request $request, object $model): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'delete',
                 $model
             );
@@ -122,10 +123,10 @@ public function destroy(Request $request, object $model): bool
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function showRelated(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool
+    public function showRelated(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'view' . Str::classify($fieldName),
                 $model
             );
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ public function showRelated(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName):
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function showRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool
+    public function showRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response
     {
         return $this->showRelated($request, $model, $fieldName);
     }
@@ -145,10 +146,10 @@ public function showRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldN
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function updateRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool
+    public function updateRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'update' . Str::classify($fieldName),
                 [$model, $this->createRelation($request, $fieldName)]
             );
@@ -160,10 +161,10 @@ public function updateRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fiel
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function attachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool
+    public function attachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'attach' . Str::classify($fieldName),
                 [$model, $this->createRelation($request, $fieldName)]
             );
@@ -175,10 +176,10 @@ public function attachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fiel
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function detachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool
+    public function detachRelationship(Request $request, object $model, string $fieldName): bool|Response
     {
         if ($this->mustAuthorize()) {
-            return $this->gate->check(
+            return $this->gate->inspect(
                 'detach' . Str::classify($fieldName),
                 [$model, $this->createRelation($request, $fieldName)]
             );
diff --git a/src/Core/Document/JsonApi.php b/src/Core/Document/JsonApi.php
index d389268..e2442be 100644
--- a/src/Core/Document/JsonApi.php
+++ b/src/Core/Document/JsonApi.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class JsonApi implements Serializable
      * @param string|null $version
      * @return JsonApi
      */
-    public static function make(string $version = null): self
+    public static function make(?string $version = null): self
     {
         return new self($version);
     }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public static function nullable($value): ?self
      *
      * @param string|null $version
      */
-    public function __construct(string $version = null)
+    public function __construct(?string $version = null)
     {
         $this->version = $version ?: null;
     }
diff --git a/src/Core/Document/LinkHref.php b/src/Core/Document/LinkHref.php
index b6fd870..5ef0edf 100644
--- a/src/Core/Document/LinkHref.php
+++ b/src/Core/Document/LinkHref.php
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public static function cast($value): self
      * @param string $uri
      * @param iterable|null $query
      */
-    public function __construct(string $uri, iterable $query = null)
+    public function __construct(string $uri, ?iterable $query = null)
     {
         if (empty($uri)) {
             throw new UnexpectedValueException('Expecting a non-empty string URI.');
diff --git a/src/Core/Exceptions/JsonApiException.php b/src/Core/Exceptions/JsonApiException.php
index dd20fe2..cdd9146 100644
--- a/src/Core/Exceptions/JsonApiException.php
+++ b/src/Core/Exceptions/JsonApiException.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class JsonApiException extends Exception implements HttpExceptionInterface, Resp
      * @param Throwable|null $previous
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function make($errors, Throwable $previous = null): self
+    public static function make($errors, ?Throwable $previous = null): self
     {
         return new self($errors, $previous);
     }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public static function make($errors, Throwable $previous = null): self
      * @param Throwable|null $previous
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function error($error, Throwable $previous = null): self
+    public static function error($error, ?Throwable $previous = null): self
     {
         return new self(Error::cast($error), $previous);
     }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public static function error($error, Throwable $previous = null): self
      * @param Throwable|null $previous
      * @param array $headers
      */
-    public function __construct($errors, Throwable $previous = null, array $headers = [])
+    public function __construct($errors, ?Throwable $previous = null, array $headers = [])
     {
         parent::__construct('JSON:API error', 0, $previous);
         $this->errors = ErrorList::cast($errors);
diff --git a/src/Core/Json/Hash.php b/src/Core/Json/Hash.php
index 927a1d3..0e4a0d0 100644
--- a/src/Core/Json/Hash.php
+++ b/src/Core/Json/Hash.php
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public static function cast($value): self
      *
      * @param array|null $value
      */
-    public function __construct(array $value = null)
+    public function __construct(?array $value = null)
     {
         $this->value = $value ?: [];
     }
diff --git a/src/Core/Query/Custom/ExtendedQueryParameters.php b/src/Core/Query/Custom/ExtendedQueryParameters.php
index caf34f0..4cc4292 100644
--- a/src/Core/Query/Custom/ExtendedQueryParameters.php
+++ b/src/Core/Query/Custom/ExtendedQueryParameters.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class ExtendedQueryParameters extends QueryParameters
      * @param string|null $name
      * @return string
      */
-    public static function withCount(string $name = null): string
+    public static function withCount(?string $name = null): string
     {
         if (empty($name)) {
             return self::$withCount;
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ public static function withCount(string $name = null): string
      * @param array|null $unrecognised
      */
     public function __construct(
-        IncludePaths $includePaths = null,
-        FieldSets $fieldSets = null,
-        SortFields $sortFields = null,
-        array $page = null,
-        FilterParameters $filters = null,
-        array $unrecognised = null
+        ?IncludePaths $includePaths = null,
+        ?FieldSets $fieldSets = null,
+        ?SortFields $sortFields = null,
+        ?array $page = null,
+        ?FilterParameters $filters = null,
+        ?array $unrecognised = null
     ) {
         parent::__construct(
             $includePaths,
diff --git a/src/Core/Query/QueryParameters.php b/src/Core/Query/QueryParameters.php
index 2674940..dfcc113 100644
--- a/src/Core/Query/QueryParameters.php
+++ b/src/Core/Query/QueryParameters.php
@@ -158,12 +158,12 @@ public static function nullable($value): ?self
      * @param array|null $unrecognised
      */
     public function __construct(
-        IncludePaths $includePaths = null,
-        FieldSets $fieldSets = null,
-        SortFields $sortFields = null,
-        array $page = null,
-        FilterParameters $filters = null,
-        array $unrecognised = null
+        ?IncludePaths $includePaths = null,
+        ?FieldSets $fieldSets = null,
+        ?SortFields $sortFields = null,
+        ?array $page = null,
+        ?FilterParameters $filters = null,
+        ?array $unrecognised = null
     ) {
         $this->includePaths = $includePaths;
         $this->fieldSets = $fieldSets;
diff --git a/src/Core/Resources/JsonApiResource.php b/src/Core/Resources/JsonApiResource.php
index 1b93167..9987872 100644
--- a/src/Core/Resources/JsonApiResource.php
+++ b/src/Core/Resources/JsonApiResource.php
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ protected function identifierMeta(): array
      * @param string|null $keyName
      * @return Relation
      */
-    protected function relation(string $fieldName, string $keyName = null): Relation
+    protected function relation(string $fieldName, ?string $keyName = null): Relation
     {
         $field = $this->schema->isRelationship($fieldName) ? $this->schema->relationship($fieldName) : null;
 
diff --git a/src/Core/Resources/Relation.php b/src/Core/Resources/Relation.php
index 28d2d1c..a085cde 100644
--- a/src/Core/Resources/Relation.php
+++ b/src/Core/Resources/Relation.php
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ public function __construct(
         object $resource,
         ?string $baseUri,
         string $fieldName,
-        string $keyName = null,
-        string $uriName = null
+        ?string $keyName = null,
+        ?string $uriName = null
     ) {
         $this->resource = $resource;
         $this->baseUri = $baseUri;
diff --git a/src/Core/Responses/Concerns/IsResponsable.php b/src/Core/Responses/Concerns/IsResponsable.php
index ac43757..02c8a1d 100644
--- a/src/Core/Responses/Concerns/IsResponsable.php
+++ b/src/Core/Responses/Concerns/IsResponsable.php
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public function withEncodeOptions(int $options): self
      * @param string|null $value
      * @return $this
      */
-    public function withHeader(string $name, string $value = null): self
+    public function withHeader(string $name, ?string $value = null): self
     {
         $this->headers[$name] = $value;
 
diff --git a/src/Core/Schema/IdParser.php b/src/Core/Schema/IdParser.php
index 78acdb9..a3e7f41 100644
--- a/src/Core/Schema/IdParser.php
+++ b/src/Core/Schema/IdParser.php
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public static function encoder($value): IdEncoderContract
      * @param ID|null $field
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function make(ID $field = null): self
+    public static function make(?ID $field = null): self
     {
         return new self($field);
     }
diff --git a/src/Core/Server/Server.php b/src/Core/Server/Server.php
index 167760b..fe90c1a 100644
--- a/src/Core/Server/Server.php
+++ b/src/Core/Server/Server.php
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public function authorizable(): bool
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function url($extra = [], bool $secure = null): string
+    public function url($extra = [], ?bool $secure = null): string
     {
         $tail = Collection::make(Arr::wrap($extra))
             ->map(fn($value) => ($value instanceof UrlRoutable) ? $value->getRouteKey() : $value)