diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index deaf8f79..d681e570 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@
     "iso-random-stream": "^2.0.0",
     "multiformats": "^9.4.5",
     "node-forge": "^1.1.0",
-    "protons-runtime": "^1.0.4",
+    "protons-runtime": "^2.0.2",
     "uint8arrays": "^3.0.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/mocha": "^9.0.0",
     "aegir": "^37.0.12",
     "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
-    "protons": "^3.0.4",
+    "protons": "^4.0.1",
     "sinon": "^14.0.0",
     "util": "^0.12.3",
     "wherearewe": "^1.0.0"
diff --git a/src/keys/ed25519-class.ts b/src/keys/ed25519-class.ts
index 63587ae4..99b7ab24 100644
--- a/src/keys/ed25519-class.ts
+++ b/src/keys/ed25519-class.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export class Ed25519PublicKey {
     return pbm.PublicKey.encode({
       Type: pbm.KeyType.Ed25519,
       Data: this.marshal()
-    })
+    }).subarray()
   }
 
   equals (key: any) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export class Ed25519PrivateKey {
     return pbm.PrivateKey.encode({
       Type: pbm.KeyType.Ed25519,
       Data: this.marshal()
-    })
+    }).subarray()
   }
 
   equals (key: any) {
diff --git a/src/keys/keys.ts b/src/keys/keys.ts
index 10efbd48..a11d7440 100644
--- a/src/keys/keys.ts
+++ b/src/keys/keys.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 import { enumeration, encodeMessage, decodeMessage, message, bytes } from 'protons-runtime'
 import type { Codec } from 'protons-runtime'
+import type { Uint8ArrayList } from 'uint8arraylist'
 
 export enum KeyType {
   RSA = 'RSA',
@@ -34,11 +35,11 @@ export namespace PublicKey {
     })
   }
 
-  export const encode = (obj: PublicKey): Uint8Array => {
+  export const encode = (obj: PublicKey): Uint8ArrayList => {
     return encodeMessage(obj, PublicKey.codec())
   }
 
-  export const decode = (buf: Uint8Array): PublicKey => {
+  export const decode = (buf: Uint8Array | Uint8ArrayList): PublicKey => {
     return decodeMessage(buf, PublicKey.codec())
   }
 }
@@ -56,11 +57,11 @@ export namespace PrivateKey {
     })
   }
 
-  export const encode = (obj: PrivateKey): Uint8Array => {
+  export const encode = (obj: PrivateKey): Uint8ArrayList => {
     return encodeMessage(obj, PrivateKey.codec())
   }
 
-  export const decode = (buf: Uint8Array): PrivateKey => {
+  export const decode = (buf: Uint8Array | Uint8ArrayList): PrivateKey => {
     return decodeMessage(buf, PrivateKey.codec())
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/keys/rsa-class.ts b/src/keys/rsa-class.ts
index 16075eb3..055015b0 100644
--- a/src/keys/rsa-class.ts
+++ b/src/keys/rsa-class.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export class RsaPublicKey {
     return pbm.PublicKey.encode({
       Type: pbm.KeyType.RSA,
       Data: this.marshal()
-    })
+    }).subarray()
   }
 
   encrypt (bytes: Uint8Array) {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export class RsaPrivateKey {
     return pbm.PrivateKey.encode({
       Type: pbm.KeyType.RSA,
       Data: this.marshal()
-    })
+    }).subarray()
   }
 
   equals (key: any) {
diff --git a/src/keys/secp256k1-class.ts b/src/keys/secp256k1-class.ts
index 82b05e2f..2dd3c7a5 100644
--- a/src/keys/secp256k1-class.ts
+++ b/src/keys/secp256k1-class.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export class Secp256k1PublicKey {
     return keysProtobuf.PublicKey.encode({
       Type: keysProtobuf.KeyType.Secp256k1,
       Data: this.marshal()
-    })
+    }).subarray()
   }
 
   equals (key: any) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export class Secp256k1PrivateKey {
     return keysProtobuf.PrivateKey.encode({
       Type: keysProtobuf.KeyType.Secp256k1,
       Data: this.marshal()
-    })
+    }).subarray()
   }
 
   equals (key: any) {