1.查询命名空间
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get namespace --all-namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 3d13h
kube-node-lease Active 3d13h
kube-public Active 3d13h
kube-system Active 3d13h
2.查询健康状况
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get cs --all-namespaces
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
3.查询node
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get node -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
10.33.35.5 Ready,SchedulingDisabled master 3d13h v1.15.2 10.33.35.5 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 docker://18.9.6
10.33.35.6 Ready node 3d13h v1.15.2 10.33.35.6 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 docker://18.9.6
10.33.35.7 Ready node 3d13h v1.15.2 10.33.35.7 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 docker://18.9.6
4.创建一个测试用的deployment
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl run net-test --image=alpine --replicas=2 sleep 360000
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
net-test 2 2 2 2 2h
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl delete deployment net-test
5.查看获取IP情况
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
net-test-54ddf4f6c7-qfgw9 1/1 Running 0 22s 172.20.2.131 10.33.35.7 <none> <none>
net-test-54ddf4f6c7-rwgmc 1/1 Running 0 22s 172.20.1.137 10.33.35.6 <none> <none>
6、创建nginx服务
#创建deployment文件
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.13.12
ports:
- containerPort: 80
#创建deployment
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "nginx-deployment" created
#查看deployment
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deployment 3 3 3 2 48s
#查看deployment详情
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl describe deployment nginx-deployment
Name: nginx-deployment
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 09 Oct 2018 15:11:33 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=1
Selector: app=nginx
Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.13.12
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type Status Reason
---- ------ ------
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: <none>
NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 2m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb to 3
#查看pod
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-7rwdp 1/1 Running 0 4m 10.2.76.5 192.168.56.12
nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-8dgkd 1/1 Running 0 4m 10.2.76.4 192.168.56.12
nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-clgkl 1/1 Running 0 4m 10.2.76.4 192.168.56.13
#查看pod详情
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-7rwdp
Name: nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-7rwdp
Namespace: default
Node: 192.168.56.12/192.168.56.12
Start Time: Tue, 09 Oct 2018 15:11:33 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=2701970576
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.2.76.5
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://0ab9b4f9bf3691f16e9cb6836a7375cb7f886398bfa8a81147e9a24f3634d591
Image: nginx:1.13.12
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:b1d09e9718890e6ebbbd2bc319ef1611559e30ce1b6f56b2e3b479d9da51dc35
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
Started: Tue, 09 Oct 2018 15:12:33 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-4cgj8 (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-4cgj8:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-4cgj8
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 4m default-scheduler Successfully assigned nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-7rwdp to 192.168.56.12
Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 4m kubelet, 192.168.56.12 MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "default-token-4cgj8"
Normal Pulling 4m kubelet, 192.168.56.12 pulling image "nginx:1.13.12"
Normal Pulled 3m kubelet, 192.168.56.12 Successfully pulled image "nginx:1.13.12"
Normal Created 3m kubelet, 192.168.56.12 Created container
Normal Started 3m kubelet, 192.168.56.12 Started container
#导出资源描述
kubectl get --export -o yaml 命令会以Yaml格式导出系统中已有资源描述
比如，我们可以将系统中 nginx 部署的描述导成 Yaml 文件
kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment-6c45fc49cb-7rwdp --export -o yaml > nginx-deployment.yaml
#测试pod访问
测试访问nginx镜像（在对应的节点上测试，本来是其他节点也可以正常访问的）
[root@linux-node3 ~]# curl --head http://10.2.76.4
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.13.12
Date: Tue, 09 Oct 2018 07:17:55 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 09 Apr 2018 16:01:09 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5acb8e45-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
8、更新Deployment
#--record 记录日志，方便以后回滚
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.12.1 --record
deployment.apps "nginx-deployment" image updated
9、查看更新后的Deployment
#这里发现镜像已经更新为1.12.1版本了，然后CURRENT（当前镜像数为4个，期望值DESIRED为3个，说明正在进行滚动更新）
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-deployment 3 4 1 3 13m nginx nginx:1.12.1 app=nginx
10、查看历史记录
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment
deployments "nginx-deployment"
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1 <none> ---第一个没有，是因为我们创建的时候没有加上--record参数
4 kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.12.2 --record=true
5 kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.12.1 --record=true
11、查看具体某一个版本的升级历史
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment --revision=1
deployments "nginx-deployment" with revision #1
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=2701970576
Containers:
nginx:
Image: nginx:1.13.12
Port: 80/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
12、快速回滚到上一个版本
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps "nginx-deployment"
[root@linux-node1 ~]#
13、扩容到5个节点
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide ----之前是3个pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-48lqg 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.76.15 192.168.56.12
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-g4zkp 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.76.9 192.168.56.13
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-z2466 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.76.16 192.168.56.12
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas 5
deployment.extensions "nginx-deployment" scaled
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide ----现在扩容到了5个pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-28894 1/1 Running 0 8s 10.2.76.10 192.168.56.13
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-48lqg 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.76.15 192.168.56.12
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-g4zkp 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.76.9 192.168.56.13
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-tt7z5 1/1 Running 0 7s 10.2.76.17 192.168.56.12
nginx-deployment-7498dc98f8-z2466 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.76.16 192.168.56.12
14、Pod ip 变化频繁, 引入service-ip
#创建nginx-server
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat nginx-service.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nginx-service
spec:
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 80
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml
service "nginx-service" created
#发现给我们创建了一个vip 10.1.46.200 并且通过lvs做了负载均衡
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get service --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.68.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3d13h
default my-mc-service ClusterIP 172.68.213.121 <none> 60001/TCP,60002/TCP 23m
default php-service ClusterIP 172.68.210.6 <none> 9898/TCP 18h
default test-hello ClusterIP 172.68.248.205 <none> 80/TCP 23h
kube-system heapster ClusterIP 172.68.19.198 <none> 80/TCP 3d13h
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.68.0.2 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 3d13h
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 172.68.58.252 <none> 443:26400/TCP 3d13h
kube-system metrics-server ClusterIP 172.68.31.222 <none> 443/TCP 3d13h
kube-system traefik-ingress-service NodePort 172.68.221.108 <none> 80:23456/TCP,8080:31477/TCP 3d13h
#删除service
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl delete service nginx-service
service "nginx-service" deleted
#查看service的后端节点
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl describe svc nginx-service
Name: nginx-service
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=nginx
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 172.68.176.9
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 172.20.1.138:80,172.20.2.132:80,172.20.2.133:80 --这里发现有3个后端节点
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
15.创建自定义Ingress 有了ingress-controller，我们就可以创建自定义的Ingress了。这里已提前搭建好了nginx服务，我们针对nginx创建一个Ingress：
#vim nginx-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress
namespace: default
spec:
rules:
- host: myk8s.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx-service
servicePort: 80
其中：
rules中的host必须为域名，不能为IP，表示Ingress-controller的Pod所在主机域名，也就是Ingress-controller的IP对应的域名。
paths中的path则表示映射的路径。如映射/表示若访问myk8s.com，则会将请求转发至nginx的service，端口为80。
kubectl create -f nginx-ingress.yaml
kubectl get ingress -o wide
kubectl delete ingress nginx-ingress
#需要找出Ingress-controller的Pod所在主机（这里发现是在node2机器）
[root@linux-node1 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
default busybox 1/1 Running 41 41h 172.20.1.27 10.33.35.6 <none> <none>
default my-mc-deployment-76f77494c7-kxv85 2/2 Running 0 63m 172.20.2.130 10.33.35.7 <none> <none>
kube-system traefik-ingress-controller-766dbfdddd-fzb8d 1/1 Running 1 3d14h 172.20.1.14 10.33.35.6 <none> <none>
#然后机器绑定域名
10.33.35.6 myk8s.com
#访问测试
[root@linux-node1 ~]# curl http://myk8s.com -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 04:07:44 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 3700
Last-Modified: Fri, 10 May 2019 08:08:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5cd53188-e74"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
参考资料：