diff --git a/cmd/pbf/info/info.go b/cmd/pbf/info/info.go
index 8c14e0b..d84ff22 100644
--- a/cmd/pbf/info/info.go
+++ b/cmd/pbf/info/info.go
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func runInfo(in io.Reader, ncpu uint16, extended bool) *extendedHeader {
 
 func renderJSON(info *extendedHeader, extended bool) {
 	// marshall the smallest struct needed
-	var v interface{}
+	var v any
 	if extended {
 		v = info
 	} else {
diff --git a/decoder.go b/decoder.go
index 15b8325..2f3201b 100644
--- a/decoder.go
+++ b/decoder.go
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ type encoded struct {
 }
 
 type decoded struct {
-	elements []interface{}
+	elements []any
 	err      error
 }
 
 type pair struct {
-	element interface{}
+	element any
 	err     error
 }
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func NewDecoder(ctx context.Context, reader io.Reader, opts ...DecoderOption) (*
 // or Relation struct representing the underlying OpenStreetMap PBF data, or
 // error encountered. The end of the input stream is reported by an io.EOF
 // error.
-func (d *Decoder) Decode() (interface{}, error) {
+func (d *Decoder) Decode() (any, error) {
 	decoded, more := <-d.pairs
 	if !more {
 		return nil, io.EOF
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ func coalesce(cfg decoderOptions, outputs ...chan decoded) (pairs chan pair) {
 // elements unmarshals an array of OSM elements from an array of protobuf encoded
 // bytes.  The bytes could possibly be compressed; zlibBuf is used to facilitate
 // decompression.
-func elements(header *protobuf.BlobHeader, blob *protobuf.Blob, zlibBuf *bytes.Buffer) ([]interface{}, error) {
+func elements(header *protobuf.BlobHeader, blob *protobuf.Blob, zlibBuf *bytes.Buffer) ([]any, error) {
 	var buf []byte
 
 	switch {
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ func elements(header *protobuf.BlobHeader, blob *protobuf.Blob, zlibBuf *bytes.B
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			return []interface{}{h}, nil
+			return []any{h}, nil
 		}
 	case "OSMData":
 		return parsePrimitiveBlock(buf)
diff --git a/decoder_elements.go b/decoder_elements.go
index 5fd8030..94fa0ef 100644
--- a/decoder_elements.go
+++ b/decoder_elements.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"m4o.io/pbf/protobuf"
 )
 
-func parsePrimitiveBlock(buffer []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
+func parsePrimitiveBlock(buffer []byte) ([]any, error) {
 	pb := &protobuf.PrimitiveBlock{}
 	if err := proto.Unmarshal(buffer, pb); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func parsePrimitiveBlock(buffer []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
 
 	c := newBlockContext(pb)
 
-	elements := make([]interface{}, 0)
+	elements := make([]any, 0)
 	for _, pg := range pb.GetPrimitivegroup() {
 		elements = append(elements, c.decodeNodes(pg.GetNodes())...)
 		elements = append(elements, c.decodeDenseNodes(pg.GetDense())...)
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ func parsePrimitiveBlock(buffer []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
 	return elements, nil
 }
 
-func (c *blockContext) decodeNodes(nodes []*protobuf.Node) (elements []interface{}) {
-	elements = make([]interface{}, len(nodes))
+func (c *blockContext) decodeNodes(nodes []*protobuf.Node) (elements []any) {
+	elements = make([]any, len(nodes))
 
 	for i, node := range nodes {
 		elements[i] = &Node{
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ func (c *blockContext) decodeNodes(nodes []*protobuf.Node) (elements []interface
 	return elements
 }
 
-func (c *blockContext) decodeDenseNodes(nodes *protobuf.DenseNodes) []interface{} {
+func (c *blockContext) decodeDenseNodes(nodes *protobuf.DenseNodes) []any {
 	ids := nodes.GetId()
-	elements := make([]interface{}, len(ids))
+	elements := make([]any, len(ids))
 
 	tic := c.newTagsContext(nodes.GetKeysVals())
 	dic := c.newDenseInfoContext(nodes.GetDenseinfo())
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ func (c *blockContext) decodeDenseNodes(nodes *protobuf.DenseNodes) []interface{
 	return elements
 }
 
-func (c *blockContext) decodeWays(nodes []*protobuf.Way) []interface{} {
-	elements := make([]interface{}, len(nodes))
+func (c *blockContext) decodeWays(nodes []*protobuf.Way) []any {
+	elements := make([]any, len(nodes))
 
 	for i, node := range nodes {
 		refs := node.GetRefs()
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ func (c *blockContext) decodeWays(nodes []*protobuf.Way) []interface{} {
 	return elements
 }
 
-func (c *blockContext) decodeRelations(nodes []*protobuf.Relation) []interface{} {
-	elements := make([]interface{}, len(nodes))
+func (c *blockContext) decodeRelations(nodes []*protobuf.Relation) []any {
+	elements := make([]any, len(nodes))
 
 	for i, node := range nodes {
 		elements[i] = &Relation{