migrate code style checks to pre-commit

[williballenthin]

pre-commit is a tool to register hooks to run upon git commit and/or when a user invokes the utility. its also a convenient place to configure all the code linters (isort, black, ruff, mypy) that we might want develops to invoke. the tool can be easily run from CI, too.

i'd propose that we migrate the config here:

capa/.github/workflows/tests.yml

Lines 36 to 45 in 2cd6b8b

	- name: Lint with ruff
	run: ruff check --config .github/ruff.toml .
	- name: Lint with isort
	run: isort --profile black --length-sort --line-width 120 --skip-glob "*_pb2.py" -c .
	- name: Lint with black
	run: black -l 120 --extend-exclude ".*_pb2.py" --check .
	- name: Lint with pycodestyle
	run: pycodestyle --exclude="*_pb2.py" --show-source capa/ scripts/ tests/
	- name: Check types with mypy
	run: mypy --config-file .github/mypy/mypy.ini --check-untyped-defs capa/ scripts/ tests/

to pre-commit. a close example is here: https://github.com/williballenthin/ucutils/blob/master/.pre-commit-config.yaml

the benefit is that our users can then run the same code style checks as in CI with minimal effort. we don't have to share a huge bash one-liner for local development.

[williballenthin]

example commit in other project (no files staged, no work done):

running the entire config directly:

CI run results:
https://github.com/williballenthin/ucutils/actions/runs/5421512740/jobs/9857036678#step:4:96