15_hello_triangle.rs

#[macro_use]
extern crate vulkano;
#[macro_use]
extern crate vulkano_shader_derive;
extern crate vulkano_win;
extern crate winit;

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::collections::HashSet;

use winit::{EventsLoop, WindowBuilder, Window, dpi::LogicalSize, Event, WindowEvent};
use vulkano_win::VkSurfaceBuild;

use vulkano::instance::{
    Instance,
    InstanceExtensions,
    ApplicationInfo,
    Version,
    layers_list,
    PhysicalDevice,
    Features
};
use vulkano::instance::debug::{DebugCallback, MessageTypes};
use vulkano::device::{Device, DeviceExtensions, Queue};
use vulkano::swapchain::{
    Surface,
    Capabilities,
    ColorSpace,
    SupportedPresentModes,
    PresentMode,
    Swapchain,
    CompositeAlpha,
    acquire_next_image,
};
use vulkano::format::Format;
use vulkano::image::{ImageUsage, swapchain::SwapchainImage};
use vulkano::sync::{SharingMode, GpuFuture};
use vulkano::pipeline::{
    GraphicsPipeline,
    vertex::BufferlessDefinition,
    vertex::BufferlessVertices,
    viewport::Viewport,
};
use vulkano::framebuffer::{
    RenderPassAbstract,
    Subpass,
    FramebufferAbstract,
    Framebuffer,
};
use vulkano::descriptor::PipelineLayoutAbstract;
use vulkano::command_buffer::{
    AutoCommandBuffer,
    AutoCommandBufferBuilder,
    DynamicState,
};

const WIDTH: u32 = 800;
const HEIGHT: u32 = 600;

const VALIDATION_LAYERS: &[&str] =  &[
    "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"
];

/// Required device extensions
fn device_extensions() -> DeviceExtensions {
    DeviceExtensions {
        khr_swapchain: true,
        .. vulkano::device::DeviceExtensions::none()
    }
}

#[cfg(all(debug_assertions))]
const ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS: bool = true;
#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
const ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS: bool = false;

struct QueueFamilyIndices {
    graphics_family: i32,
    present_family: i32,
}
impl QueueFamilyIndices {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self { graphics_family: -1, present_family: -1 }
    }

    fn is_complete(&self) -> bool {
        self.graphics_family >= 0 && self.present_family >= 0
    }
}

type ConcreteGraphicsPipeline = GraphicsPipeline<BufferlessDefinition, Box<PipelineLayoutAbstract + Send + Sync + 'static>, Arc<RenderPassAbstract + Send + Sync + 'static>>;

#[allow(unused)]
struct HelloTriangleApplication {
    instance: Arc<Instance>,
    debug_callback: Option<DebugCallback>,

    events_loop: EventsLoop,
    surface: Arc<Surface<Window>>,

    physical_device_index: usize, // can't store PhysicalDevice directly (lifetime issues)
    device: Arc<Device>,

    graphics_queue: Arc<Queue>,
    present_queue: Arc<Queue>,

    swap_chain: Arc<Swapchain<Window>>,
    swap_chain_images: Vec<Arc<SwapchainImage<Window>>>,

    render_pass: Arc<RenderPassAbstract + Send + Sync>,
    // NOTE: We need to the full type of
    // self.graphics_pipeline, because `BufferlessVertices` only
    // works when the concrete type of the graphics pipeline is visible
    // to the command buffer.
    graphics_pipeline: Arc<ConcreteGraphicsPipeline>,

    swap_chain_framebuffers: Vec<Arc<FramebufferAbstract + Send + Sync>>,

    command_buffers: Vec<Arc<AutoCommandBuffer>>,
}

impl HelloTriangleApplication {
    pub fn initialize() -> Self {
        let instance = Self::create_instance();
        let debug_callback = Self::setup_debug_callback(&instance);
        let (events_loop, surface) = Self::create_surface(&instance);

        let physical_device_index = Self::pick_physical_device(&instance, &surface);
        let (device, graphics_queue, present_queue) = Self::create_logical_device(
            &instance, &surface, physical_device_index);

        let (swap_chain, swap_chain_images) = Self::create_swap_chain(&instance, &surface, physical_device_index,
            &device, &graphics_queue, &present_queue);

        let render_pass = Self::create_render_pass(&device, swap_chain.format());
        let graphics_pipeline = Self::create_graphics_pipeline(&device, swap_chain.dimensions(), &render_pass);

        let swap_chain_framebuffers = Self::create_framebuffers(&swap_chain_images, &render_pass);

        let mut app = Self {
            instance,
            debug_callback,

            events_loop,
            surface,

            physical_device_index,
            device,

            graphics_queue,
            present_queue,

            swap_chain,
            swap_chain_images,

            render_pass,
            graphics_pipeline,

            swap_chain_framebuffers,

            command_buffers: vec![],
        };

        app.create_command_buffers();
        app
    }

    fn create_instance() -> Arc<Instance> {
        if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS && !Self::check_validation_layer_support() {
            println!("Validation layers requested, but not available!")
        }

        let supported_extensions = InstanceExtensions::supported_by_core()
            .expect("failed to retrieve supported extensions");
        println!("Supported extensions: {:?}", supported_extensions);

        let app_info = ApplicationInfo {
            application_name: Some("Hello Triangle".into()),
            application_version: Some(Version { major: 1, minor: 0, patch: 0 }),
            engine_name: Some("No Engine".into()),
            engine_version: Some(Version { major: 1, minor: 0, patch: 0 }),
        };

        let required_extensions = Self::get_required_extensions();

        if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS && Self::check_validation_layer_support() {
            Instance::new(Some(&app_info), &required_extensions, VALIDATION_LAYERS.iter().map(|s| *s))
                .expect("failed to create Vulkan instance")
        } else {
            Instance::new(Some(&app_info), &required_extensions, None)
                .expect("failed to create Vulkan instance")
        }
    }

    fn check_validation_layer_support() -> bool {
        let layers: Vec<_> = layers_list().unwrap().map(|l| l.name().to_owned()).collect();
        VALIDATION_LAYERS.iter()
            .all(|layer_name| layers.contains(&layer_name.to_string()))
    }

    fn get_required_extensions() -> InstanceExtensions {
        let mut extensions = vulkano_win::required_extensions();
        if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS {
            // TODO!: this should be ext_debug_utils (_report is deprecated), but that doesn't exist yet in vulkano
            extensions.ext_debug_report = true;
        }

        extensions
    }

    fn setup_debug_callback(instance: &Arc<Instance>) -> Option<DebugCallback> {
        if !ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS  {
            return None;
        }

        let msg_types = MessageTypes {
            error: true,
            warning: true,
            performance_warning: true,
            information: false,
            debug: true,
        };
        DebugCallback::new(&instance, msg_types, |msg| {
            println!("validation layer: {:?}", msg.description);
        }).ok()
    }

    fn pick_physical_device(instance: &Arc<Instance>, surface: &Arc<Surface<Window>>) -> usize {
        PhysicalDevice::enumerate(&instance)
            .position(|device| Self::is_device_suitable(surface, &device))
            .expect("failed to find a suitable GPU!")
    }

    fn is_device_suitable(surface: &Arc<Surface<Window>>, device: &PhysicalDevice) -> bool {
        let indices = Self::find_queue_families(surface, device);
        let extensions_supported = Self::check_device_extension_support(device);

        let swap_chain_adequate = if extensions_supported {
                let capabilities = surface.capabilities(*device)
                    .expect("failed to get surface capabilities");
                !capabilities.supported_formats.is_empty() &&
                    capabilities.present_modes.iter().next().is_some()
            } else {
                false
            };

        indices.is_complete() && extensions_supported && swap_chain_adequate
    }

    fn check_device_extension_support(device: &PhysicalDevice) -> bool {
        let available_extensions = DeviceExtensions::supported_by_device(*device);
        let device_extensions = device_extensions();
        available_extensions.intersection(&device_extensions) == device_extensions
    }

    fn choose_swap_surface_format(available_formats: &[(Format, ColorSpace)]) -> (Format, ColorSpace) {
        // NOTE: the 'preferred format' mentioned in the tutorial doesn't seem to be
        // queryable in Vulkano (no VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED enum)
        *available_formats.iter()
            .find(|(format, color_space)|
                *format == Format::B8G8R8A8Unorm && *color_space == ColorSpace::SrgbNonLinear
            )
            .unwrap_or_else(|| &available_formats[0])
    }

    fn choose_swap_present_mode(available_present_modes: SupportedPresentModes) -> PresentMode {
        if available_present_modes.mailbox {
            PresentMode::Mailbox
        } else if available_present_modes.immediate {
            PresentMode::Immediate
        } else {
            PresentMode::Fifo
        }
    }

    fn choose_swap_extent(capabilities: &Capabilities) -> [u32; 2] {
        if let Some(current_extent) = capabilities.current_extent {
            return current_extent
        } else {
            let mut actual_extent = [WIDTH, HEIGHT];
            actual_extent[0] = capabilities.min_image_extent[0]
                .max(capabilities.max_image_extent[0].min(actual_extent[0]));
            actual_extent[1] = capabilities.min_image_extent[1]
                .max(capabilities.max_image_extent[1].min(actual_extent[1]));
            actual_extent
        }
    }

    fn create_swap_chain(
        instance: &Arc<Instance>,
        surface: &Arc<Surface<Window>>,
        physical_device_index: usize,
        device: &Arc<Device>,
        graphics_queue: &Arc<Queue>,
        present_queue: &Arc<Queue>,
    ) -> (Arc<Swapchain<Window>>, Vec<Arc<SwapchainImage<Window>>>) {
        let physical_device = PhysicalDevice::from_index(&instance, physical_device_index).unwrap();
        let capabilities = surface.capabilities(physical_device)
            .expect("failed to get surface capabilities");

        let surface_format = Self::choose_swap_surface_format(&capabilities.supported_formats);
        let present_mode = Self::choose_swap_present_mode(capabilities.present_modes);
        let extent = Self::choose_swap_extent(&capabilities);

        let mut image_count = capabilities.min_image_count + 1;
        if capabilities.max_image_count.is_some() && image_count > capabilities.max_image_count.unwrap() {
            image_count = capabilities.max_image_count.unwrap();
        }

        let image_usage = ImageUsage {
            color_attachment: true,
            .. ImageUsage::none()
        };

        let indices = Self::find_queue_families(&surface, &physical_device);

        let sharing: SharingMode = if indices.graphics_family != indices.present_family {
            vec![graphics_queue, present_queue].as_slice().into()
        } else {
            graphics_queue.into()
        };

        let (swap_chain, images) = Swapchain::new(
            device.clone(),
            surface.clone(),
            image_count,
            surface_format.0, // TODO: color space?
            extent,
            1, // layers
            image_usage,
            sharing,
            capabilities.current_transform,
            CompositeAlpha::Opaque,
            present_mode,
            true, // clipped
            None,
        ).expect("failed to create swap chain!");

        (swap_chain, images)
    }

    fn create_render_pass(device: &Arc<Device>, color_format: Format) -> Arc<RenderPassAbstract + Send + Sync> {
        Arc::new(single_pass_renderpass!(device.clone(),
            attachments: {
                color: {
                    load: Clear,
                    store: Store,
                    format: color_format,
                    samples: 1,
                }
            },
            pass: {
                color: [color],
                depth_stencil: {}
            }
        ).unwrap())
    }

    fn create_graphics_pipeline(
        device: &Arc<Device>,
        swap_chain_extent: [u32; 2],
        render_pass: &Arc<RenderPassAbstract + Send + Sync>,
    ) -> Arc<ConcreteGraphicsPipeline> {
        #[allow(unused)]
        mod vertex_shader {
            #[derive(VulkanoShader)]
            #[ty = "vertex"]
            #[path = "src/bin/09_shader_base.vert"]
            struct Dummy;
        }

        #[allow(unused)]
        mod fragment_shader {
            #[derive(VulkanoShader)]
            #[ty = "fragment"]
            #[path = "src/bin/09_shader_base.frag"]
            struct Dummy;
        }

        let vert_shader_module = vertex_shader::Shader::load(device.clone())
            .expect("failed to create vertex shader module!");
        let frag_shader_module = fragment_shader::Shader::load(device.clone())
            .expect("failed to create fragment shader module!");

        let dimensions = [swap_chain_extent[0] as f32, swap_chain_extent[1] as f32];
        let viewport = Viewport {
            origin: [0.0, 0.0],
            dimensions,
            depth_range: 0.0 .. 1.0,
        };

        Arc::new(GraphicsPipeline::start()
            .vertex_input(BufferlessDefinition {})
            .vertex_shader(vert_shader_module.main_entry_point(), ())
            .triangle_list()
            .primitive_restart(false)
            .viewports(vec![viewport]) // NOTE: also sets scissor to cover whole viewport
            .fragment_shader(frag_shader_module.main_entry_point(), ())
            .depth_clamp(false)
            // NOTE: there's an outcommented .rasterizer_discard() in Vulkano...
            .polygon_mode_fill() // = default
            .line_width(1.0) // = default
            .cull_mode_back()
            .front_face_clockwise()
            // NOTE: no depth_bias here, but on pipeline::raster::Rasterization
            .blend_pass_through() // = default
            .render_pass(Subpass::from(render_pass.clone(), 0).unwrap())
            .build(device.clone())
            .unwrap()
        )
    }

    fn create_framebuffers(
        swap_chain_images: &Vec<Arc<SwapchainImage<Window>>>,
        render_pass: &Arc<RenderPassAbstract + Send + Sync>
    ) -> Vec<Arc<FramebufferAbstract + Send + Sync>> {
        swap_chain_images.iter()
            .map(|image| {
                let fba: Arc<FramebufferAbstract + Send + Sync> = Arc::new(Framebuffer::start(render_pass.clone())
                    .add(image.clone()).unwrap()
                    .build().unwrap());
                fba
            }
        ).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    }

    fn create_command_buffers(&mut self) {
        let queue_family = self.graphics_queue.family();
        self.command_buffers = self.swap_chain_framebuffers.iter()
            .map(|framebuffer| {
                let vertices = BufferlessVertices { vertices: 3, instances: 1 };
                Arc::new(AutoCommandBufferBuilder::primary_simultaneous_use(self.device.clone(), queue_family)
                    .unwrap()
                    .begin_render_pass(framebuffer.clone(), false, vec![[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0].into()])
                    .unwrap()
                    .draw(self.graphics_pipeline.clone(), &DynamicState::none(),
                        vertices, (), ())
                    .unwrap()
                    .end_render_pass()
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap())
            })
            .collect();
    }

    fn find_queue_families(surface: &Arc<Surface<Window>>, device: &PhysicalDevice) -> QueueFamilyIndices {
        let mut indices = QueueFamilyIndices::new();
        // TODO: replace index with id to simplify?
        for (i, queue_family) in device.queue_families().enumerate() {
            if queue_family.supports_graphics() {
                indices.graphics_family = i as i32;
            }

            if surface.is_supported(queue_family).unwrap() {
                indices.present_family = i as i32;
            }

            if indices.is_complete() {
                break;
            }
        }

        indices
    }

    fn create_logical_device(
        instance: &Arc<Instance>,
        surface: &Arc<Surface<Window>>,
        physical_device_index: usize,
    ) -> (Arc<Device>, Arc<Queue>, Arc<Queue>) {
        let physical_device = PhysicalDevice::from_index(&instance, physical_device_index).unwrap();
        let indices = Self::find_queue_families(&surface, &physical_device);

        let families = [indices.graphics_family, indices.present_family];
        use std::iter::FromIterator;
        let unique_queue_families: HashSet<&i32> = HashSet::from_iter(families.iter());

        let queue_priority = 1.0;
        let queue_families = unique_queue_families.iter().map(|i| {
            (physical_device.queue_families().nth(**i as usize).unwrap(), queue_priority)
        });

        // NOTE: the tutorial recommends passing the validation layers as well
        // for legacy reasons (if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS is true). Vulkano handles that
        // for us internally.

        let (device, mut queues) = Device::new(physical_device, &Features::none(),
            &device_extensions(), queue_families)
            .expect("failed to create logical device!");

        let graphics_queue = queues.next().unwrap();
        let present_queue = queues.next().unwrap_or_else(|| graphics_queue.clone());

        (device, graphics_queue, present_queue)
    }

    fn create_surface(instance: &Arc<Instance>) -> (EventsLoop, Arc<Surface<Window>>) {
        let events_loop = EventsLoop::new();
        let surface = WindowBuilder::new()
            .with_title("Vulkan")
            .with_dimensions(LogicalSize::new(f64::from(WIDTH), f64::from(HEIGHT)))
            .build_vk_surface(&events_loop, instance.clone())
            .expect("failed to create window surface!");
        (events_loop, surface)
    }

    #[allow(unused)]
    fn main_loop(&mut self) {
        loop {
            self.draw_frame();

            let mut done = false;
            self.events_loop.poll_events(|ev| {
                match ev {
                    Event::WindowEvent { event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested, .. } => done = true,
                    _ => ()
                }
            });
            if done {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    fn draw_frame(&mut self) {
        let (image_index, acquire_future) = acquire_next_image(self.swap_chain.clone(), None).unwrap();

        let command_buffer = self.command_buffers[image_index].clone();

        let future = acquire_future
            .then_execute(self.graphics_queue.clone(), command_buffer)
            .unwrap()
            .then_swapchain_present(self.present_queue.clone(), self.swap_chain.clone(), image_index)
            .then_signal_fence_and_flush()
            .unwrap();

        future.wait(None).unwrap();
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut app = HelloTriangleApplication::initialize();
    app.main_loop();
}