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most_recent_publications_2018-10-23.xml
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most_recent_publications_2018-10-23.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE PubmedArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMedArticle, 1st June 2018//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/out/pubmed_180601.dtd">
<PubmedArticleSet>
<PubmedArticle>
<MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">29970199</PMID>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1469-4409</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>146</Volume>
<Issue>12</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>Sep</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Epidemiology and infection</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Epidemiol. Infect.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Quantifying TB transmission: a systematic review of reproduction number and serial interval estimates for tuberculosis.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>1478-1494</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1017/S0950268818001760</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading global infectious cause of death. Understanding TB transmission is critical to creating policies and monitoring the disease with the end goal of TB elimination. To our knowledge, there has been no systematic review of key transmission parameters for TB. We carried out a systematic review of the published literature to identify studies estimating either of the two key TB transmission parameters: the serial interval (SI) and the reproductive number. We identified five publications that estimated the SI and 56 publications that estimated the reproductive number. The SI estimates from four studies were: 0.57, 1.42, 1.44 and 1.65 years; the fifth paper presented age-specific estimates ranging from 20 to 30 years (for infants <1 year old) to <5 years (for adults). The reproductive number estimates ranged from 0.24 in the Netherlands (during 1933-2007) to 4.3 in China in 2012. We found a limited number of publications and many high TB burden settings were not represented. Certain features of TB dynamics, such as slow transmission, complicated parameter estimation, require novel methods. Additional efforts to estimate these parameters for TB are needed so that we can monitor and evaluate interventions designed to achieve TB elimination.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Ma</LastName>
<ForeName>Y</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-3169</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics,Boston University School of Public Health,Boston,MA 02118,USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Horsburgh</LastName>
<ForeName>C R</ForeName>
<Initials>CR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology,Boston University School of Public Health and Department of Medicine,Boston University School of Medicine,Boston,MA 02118,USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>White</LastName>
<ForeName>L F</ForeName>
<Initials>LF</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics,Boston University School of Public Health,Boston,MA 02118,USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Jenkins</LastName>
<ForeName>H E</ForeName>
<Initials>HE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics,Boston University School of Public Health,Boston,MA 02118,USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
<Grant>
<GrantID>K01 AI102944</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>P30 AI042853</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 GM122876</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>U19 AI111276</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Epidemiol Infect</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8703737</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0950-2688</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
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<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM">
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Reproductive number</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">serial interval</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">systematic review</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tuberculosis</Keyword>
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</MedlineCitation>
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<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release">
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
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<Month>7</Month>
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<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
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<Year>2018</Year>
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<Day>5</Day>
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<Minute>0</Minute>
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<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29970199</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">S0950268818001760</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1017/S0950268818001760</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6092233</ArticleId>
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<PMID Version="1">29186391</PMID>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1537-6591</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>66</Volume>
<Issue>8</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Clin. Infect. Dis.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Longitudinal Trends in the Prevalence of Detectable HIV Viremia: Population-Based Evidence From Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>1254-1260</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/cid/cix976</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText Label="Background" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The prevalence of detectable viremia has previously been used to infer the potential for ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. To date, no study has evaluated the longitudinal change in the prevalence of detectable viremia within the HIV-positive community (PDV+) and the entire population (PDVP) using data from a sub-Saharan African setting.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="Methods" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">In 2011, 2013, and 2014, we obtained 6752 HIV-positive and 15415 HIV-negative test results from a population-based surveillance system in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. We quantified the PDV+ as the proportion of the 6752 HIV-positive results with a viral load >1550 copies/mL and the PDVP as the proportion of the 6752 HIV-positive and 15415 HIV-negative results with a viral load >1550 copies/mL.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="Results" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Between 2011 and 2014, the PDV+ decreased by 16.5 percentage points (pp) for women (from 71.8% to 55.3%) and 10.6 pp for men (from 77.8% to 67.2%). However, a steady rise in the overall HIV prevalence, from 26.7% to 32.4%, offset the declines in the PDV+ for both sexes. For women, the PDVP decreased by only 2.1 pp, from 21.3% to 19.2%, but for men, the PDVP actually increased by 1.6 pp, from 14.6% to 16.2%, over the survey period.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="Conclusions" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The PDV+, which is currently being tracked under the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, may not be an accurate indicator of the potential for ongoing HIV transmission. There is a critical need for countries to monitor and report the prevalence of detectable viremia among all adults, irrespective of HIV status.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Vandormael</LastName>
<ForeName>Alain</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Bärnighausen</LastName>
<ForeName>Till</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Heidelberg Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Herbeck</LastName>
<ForeName>Joshua</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Tomita</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Phillips</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Institute for Global Health, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Pillay</LastName>
<ForeName>Deenan</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>de Oliveira</LastName>
<ForeName>Tulio</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Tanser</LastName>
<ForeName>Frank</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 AI108490</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 AI127232</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 GM125440</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 HD084233</GrantID>
<Acronym>HD</Acronym>
<Agency>NICHD NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
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<Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Clin Infect Dis</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9203213</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1058-4838</ISSNLinking>
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<PubmedData>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received">
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release">
<Year>2019</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
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<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
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<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
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</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29186391</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">4662847</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/cid/cix976</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5889002</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</PubmedArticle>
<PubmedArticle>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">29241646</PMID>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-2518</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>36</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Vaccine</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Vaccine</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>HIV population-level adaptation can rapidly diminish the impact of a partially effective vaccine.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>514-520</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0264-410X(17)31731-0</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.004</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Development of an HIV vaccine might be essential to ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic. However, vaccines can result in the emergence and spread of vaccine-resistant strains. Indeed, analyses of breakthrough infections in the HIV phase 3 vaccine trial RV144 identified HIV genotypes with differential rates of transmission in vaccine and placebo recipients. We hypothesized that, for HIV vaccination programs based on partially effective vaccines similar to RV144, HIV adaptation will rapidly diminish the expected vaccine impact.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS AND FINDINGS">Using two HIV epidemic models, we simulated large-scale vaccination programs and, critically, included HIV strain diversity with respect to the vaccine response. We show here that rapid population-level viral adaptation can lead to decreased overall vaccine efficacy and substantially fewer infections averted by vaccination, when comparing scenarios with and without viral evolution (with outcomes depending on vaccination coverage, vaccine efficacy against the sensitive allele, and the initial resistant allele frequency). Translating this to the epidemic in South Africa, a scenario with 70% vaccination coverage may result in 250,000 infections (non-averted by vaccination) within 10 years of vaccine rollout that are due solely to HIV adaptation, all else being equal.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">These findings suggest that approaches to HIV vaccine development, program implementation, and epidemic modeling may require attention to viral adaptation in response to vaccination.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Herbeck</LastName>
<ForeName>Joshua T</ForeName>
<Initials>JT</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>International Clinical Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: herbeck@uw.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Peebles</LastName>
<ForeName>Kathryn</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>International Clinical Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
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<LastName>Edlefsen</LastName>
<ForeName>Paul T</ForeName>
<Initials>PT</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, FHCRC, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Rolland</LastName>
<ForeName>Morgane</ForeName>
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<Affiliation>US Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Murphy</LastName>
<ForeName>James T</ForeName>
<Initials>JT</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Gottlieb</LastName>
<ForeName>Geoffrey S</ForeName>
<Initials>GS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
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<LastName>Abernethy</LastName>
<ForeName>Neil</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
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<Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Inf. and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Mullins</LastName>
<ForeName>James I</ForeName>
<Initials>JI</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Mittler</LastName>
<ForeName>John E</ForeName>
<Initials>JE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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<LastName>Goodreau</LastName>
<ForeName>Steven M</ForeName>
<Initials>SM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 AI108490</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>R01 GM125440</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant>
<GrantID>P30 AI027757</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>Netherlands</Country>
<MedlineTA>Vaccine</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8406899</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0264-410X</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D016915">AIDS Vaccines</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D016915" MajorTopicYN="N">AIDS Vaccines</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D023241" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006678" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D015658" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000071497" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunogenicity, Vaccine</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D017063" MajorTopicYN="N">Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>