connection-and-APIs.md

title	category
连接器和 API	user guide

连接器和 API

数据库连接器为客户端提供了连接数据库服务端的方式，APIs 提供了使用 MySQL 协议和资源的底层接口。无论是连接器还是 API，都可以用来在不同的语言和环境内连接服务器并执行 sql 语句，包括 odbc、java(jdbc)、Perl、Python、PHP、Ruby 和 C。

TiDB 兼容 MySQL(5.6、5.7) 的所有连接器和 API，包括：

• MySQL Connector/C
• MySQL Connector/C++
• MySQL Connector/J
• MySQL Connector/Net
• MySQL Connector/ODBC
• MySQL Connector/Python
• MySQL C API
• MySQL PHP API
• MySQL Perl API
• MySQL Python API
• MySQL Ruby APIs
• MySQL Tcl API
• MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
• Mysql Go API

使用 MySQL 连接器连接 TiDB

Oracle 官方提供了以下 API，TiDB 可以兼容所有这些 API。

• MySQL Connector/C：C 语言的客户端库，是 libmysqlclient 的替代品
• MySQL Connector/C++：C++ 语言的客户端库
• MySQL Connector/J：Java 语言的客户端库，基于标准 JDBC 接口
• MySQL Connector/Net：.Net 语言的客户端库，MySQL for Visual Studio使用这个库，支持 Microsoft Visual Studio 2012，2013，2015和2017版本
• MySQL Connector/ODBC：标准的 ODBC 接口，支持 Windows，Unix 和 OS X
• MySQL Connector/Python：Python 语言的客户端包，和 Python DB API version 2.0 一致

使用 MySQL C API 连接 TiDB

如果使用 C 语言程序直接连接 TiDB，可以直接链接 libmysqlclient 库，使用 MySQL 的 C API，这是最主要的一种 C 语言连接方式，被各种客户端和 API 广泛使用，包括 Connector/C。

使用 MySQL 第三方 API 连接 TiDB

第三方 API 非 Oracle 官方提供，下表列出了常用的第三方 API：

Environment	API	Type	Notes
Ada	GNU Ada MySQL Bindings	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Bindings for GNU Ada
C	C API	libmysqlclient	See Section 27.8, “MySQL C API”.
C	Connector/C	Replacement for libmysqlclient	See MySQL Connector/C Developer Guide.
C++	Connector/C++	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Connector/C++ Developer Guide.
	MySQL++	libmysqlclient	See MySQL++ Web site.
	MySQL wrapped	libmysqlclient	See MySQL wrapped.
Go	go-sql-driver	Native Driver	See Mysql Go API
Cocoa	MySQL-Cocoa	libmysqlclient	Compatible with the Objective-C Cocoa environment. Seehttp://mysql-cocoa.sourceforge.net/
D	MySQL for D	libmysqlclient	See MySQL for D.
Eiffel	Eiffel MySQL	libmysqlclient	See Section 27.14, “MySQL Eiffel Wrapper”.
Erlang	erlang-mysql-driver	libmysqlclient	See erlang-mysql-driver.
Haskell	Haskell MySQL Bindings	Native Driver	See Brian O'Sullivan's pure Haskell MySQL bindings.
	hsql-mysql	libmysqlclient	See MySQL driver for Haskell .
Java/JDBC	Connector/J	Native Driver	See MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Developer Guide.
Kaya	MyDB	libmysqlclient	See MyDB.
Lua	LuaSQL	libmysqlclient	See LuaSQL.
.NET/Mono	Connector/Net	Native Driver	See MySQL Connector/Net Developer Guide.
Objective Caml	OBjective Caml MySQL Bindings	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Bindings for Objective Caml.
Octave	Database bindings for GNU Octave	libmysqlclient	See Database bindings for GNU Octave.
ODBC	Connector/ODBC	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Connector/ODBC Developer Guide.
Perl	DBI/DBD::mysql	libmysqlclient	See Section 27.10, “MySQL Perl API”.
	Net::MySQL	Native Driver	See Net::MySQL at CPAN
PHP	mysql, ext/mysqlinterface (deprecated)	libmysqlclient	See Original MySQL API.
	mysqli, ext/mysqliinterface	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Improved Extension.
	PDO_MYSQL	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL).
	PDO mysqlnd	Native Driver
Python	Connector/Python	Native Driver	See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.
Python	Connector/Python C Extension	libmysqlclient	See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.
	MySQLdb	libmysqlclient	See Section 27.11, “MySQL Python API”.
Ruby	MySQL/Ruby	libmysqlclient	Uses libmysqlclient. See Section 27.12.1, “The MySQL/Ruby API”.
	Ruby/MySQL	Native Driver	See Section 27.12.2, “The Ruby/MySQL API”.
Scheme	Myscsh	libmysqlclient	See Myscsh.
SPL	sql_mysql	libmysqlclient	See sql_mysql for SPL.
Tcl	MySQLtcl	libmysqlclient	See Section 27.13, “MySQL Tcl API”.

TiDB 支持的连接器版本

Connector	Connector version
Connector/C	6.1.0 GA
Connector/C++	1.0.5 GA
Connector/J	5.1.8
Connector/Net	6.9.9 GA
Connector/Net	6.8.8 GA
Connector/ODBC	5.1
Connector/ODBC	3.51 (Unicode not supported)
Connector/Python	2.0
Connector/Python	1.2