diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 55af6fd24e27cd..3f1030df70e566 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -340,9 +340,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
 -m::
 --merge::
-	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
-	strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the
-	upstream side.  This is the default.
+	Using merging strategies to rebase (default).
 +
 Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working
 branch on top of the <upstream> branch.  Because of this, when a merge
@@ -354,9 +352,8 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
 -s <strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
-	Use the given merge strategy.
-	If there is no `-s` option 'git merge-recursive' is used
-	instead.  This implies --merge.
+	Use the given merge strategy, instead of the default `ort`.
+	This implies `--merge`.
 +
 Because 'git rebase' replays each commit from the working branch
 on top of the <upstream> branch using the given strategy, using
@@ -369,7 +366,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 --strategy-option=<strategy-option>::
 	Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
 	This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been
-	specified, `-s recursive`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
+	specified, `-s ort`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
 	'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
@@ -530,7 +527,7 @@ The `--rebase-merges` mode is similar in spirit to the deprecated
 where commits can be reordered, inserted and dropped at will.
 +
 It is currently only possible to recreate the merge commits using the
-`recursive` merge strategy; Different merge strategies can be used only via
+`ort` merge strategy; different merge strategies can be used only via
 explicit `exec git merge -s <strategy> [...]` commands.
 +
 See also REBASING MERGES and INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
@@ -1219,12 +1216,16 @@ successful merge so that the user can edit the message.
 If a `merge` command fails for any reason other than merge conflicts (i.e.
 when the merge operation did not even start), it is rescheduled immediately.
 
-At this time, the `merge` command will *always* use the `recursive`
-merge strategy for regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges,
-with no way to choose a different one. To work around
-this, an `exec` command can be used to call `git merge` explicitly,
-using the fact that the labels are worktree-local refs (the ref
-`refs/rewritten/onto` would correspond to the label `onto`, for example).
+By default, the `merge` command will use the `ort` merge strategy for
+regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges.  One can specify a
+default strategy for all merges using the `--strategy` argument when
+invoking rebase, or can override specific merges in the interactive
+list of commands by using an `exec` command to call `git merge`
+explicitly with a `--strategy` argument.  Note that when calling `git
+merge` explicitly like this, you can make use of the fact that the
+labels are worktree-local refs (the ref `refs/rewritten/onto` would
+correspond to the label `onto`, for example) in order to refer to the
+branches you want to merge.
 
 Note: the first command (`label onto`) labels the revision onto which
 the commits are rebased; The name `onto` is just a convention, as a nod
diff --git a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
index afdaeab8503c30..8c1f2d56751dce 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ best to always use a regular merge commit.
 
 [[merge-two-revert-one]]
 If I make a change on two branches but revert it on one, why does the merge of those branches include the change?::
-	By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the recursive
+	By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the `ort`
 	strategy, which does a fancy three-way merge.  In such a case, when Git
 	performs the merge, it considers exactly three points: the two heads and a
 	third point, called the _merge base_, which is usually the common ancestor of
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index eb0aabd396ff92..72b53188504c4b 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ With --squash, --commit is not allowed, and will fail.
 	Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than
 	once to specify them in the order they should be tried.
 	If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies
-	is used instead ('git merge-recursive' when merging a single
-	head, 'git merge-octopus' otherwise).
+	is used instead (`ort` when merging a single head,
+	`octopus` otherwise).
 
 -X <option>::
 --strategy-option=<option>::
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 2912de706bf392..34c6c31d8e7e21 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -6,28 +6,23 @@ backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option.  Some strategies
 can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>`
 arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`.
 
-resolve::
-	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
-	and another branch you pulled from) using a 3-way merge
-	algorithm.  It tries to carefully detect criss-cross
-	merge ambiguities and is considered generally safe and
-	fast.
-
-recursive::
-	This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge
-	algorithm.  When there is more than one common
-	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a
-	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
-	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
-	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
-	causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits
-	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
-	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
-	renames, but currently cannot make use of detected
-	copies.  This is the default merge strategy when pulling
-	or merging one branch.
+ort::
+	This is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging one
+	branch.  This strategy can only resolve two heads using a
+	3-way merge algorithm.  When there is more than one common
+	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a merged
+	tree of the common ancestors and uses that as the reference
+	tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been reported to result in
+	fewer merge conflicts without causing mismerges by tests done
+	on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel
+	development history.  Additionally this strategy can detect
+	and handle merges involving renames.  It does not make use of
+	detected copies.  The name for this algorithm is an acronym
+	("Ostensibly Recursive's Twin") and came from the fact that it
+	was written as a replacement for the previous default
+	algorithm, `recursive`.
 +
-The 'recursive' strategy can take the following options:
+The 'ort' strategy can take the following options:
 
 ours;;
 	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
@@ -43,19 +38,6 @@ theirs;;
 	This is the opposite of 'ours'; note that, unlike 'ours', there is
 	no 'theirs' merge strategy to confuse this merge option with.
 
-patience;;
-	With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time
-	to avoid mismerges that sometimes occur due to unimportant
-	matching lines (e.g., braces from distinct functions).  Use
-	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
-	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
-
-diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
-	Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which
-	can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching
-	lines (such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
-	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.
-
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
@@ -84,11 +66,6 @@ no-renormalize;;
 	Disables the `renormalize` option.  This overrides the
 	`merge.renormalize` configuration variable.
 
-no-renames;;
-	Turn off rename detection. This overrides the `merge.renames`
-	configuration variable.
-	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`.
-
 find-renames[=<n>];;
 	Turn on rename detection, optionally setting the similarity
 	threshold.  This is the default. This overrides the
@@ -105,6 +82,46 @@ subtree[=<path>];;
 	is prefixed (or stripped from the beginning) to make the shape of
 	two trees to match.
 
+recursive::
+	This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge
+	algorithm.  When there is more than one common
+	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a
+	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
+	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
+	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
+	causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits
+	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
+	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
+	renames.  It does not make use of detected copies.  This was
+	the default strategy for resolving two heads from Git v0.99.9k
+	until v2.33.0.
++
+The 'recursive' strategy takes the same options as 'ort'.  However,
+there are three additional options that 'ort' ignores (not documented
+above) that are potentially useful with the 'recursive' strategy:
+
+patience;;
+	Deprecated synonym for `diff-algorithm=patience`.
+
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Use a different diff algorithm while merging, which can help
+	avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching lines
+	(such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.  Note that `ort`
+	specifically uses `diff-algorithm=histogram`, while `recursive`
+	defaults to the `diff.algorithm` config setting.
+
+no-renames;;
+	Turn off rename detection. This overrides the `merge.renames`
+	configuration variable.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`.
+
+resolve::
+	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
+	and another branch you pulled from) using a 3-way merge
+	algorithm.  It tries to carefully detect criss-cross
+	merge ambiguities.  It does not handle renames.
+
 octopus::
 	This resolves cases with more than two heads, but refuses to do
 	a complex merge that needs manual resolution.  It is
@@ -121,13 +138,13 @@ ours::
 	the 'recursive' merge strategy.
 
 subtree::
-	This is a modified recursive strategy. When merging trees A and
+	This is a modified ort strategy. When merging trees A and
 	B, if B corresponds to a subtree of A, B is first adjusted to
 	match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at
 	the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common
 	ancestor tree.
 
-With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'recursive'),
+With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'ort'),
 if a change is made on both branches, but later reverted on one of the
 branches, that change will be present in the merged result; some people find
 this behavior confusing.  It occurs because only the heads and the merge base
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt b/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt
index 49b83ef3cc4be5..029ee2cedc5d38 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Directory rename detection
 ==========================
 
 Rename detection logic in diffcore-rename that checks for renames of
-individual files is aggregated and analyzed in merge-recursive for cases
-where combinations of renames indicate that a full directory has been
-renamed.
+individual files is also aggregated there and then analyzed in either
+merge-ort or merge-recursive for cases where combinations of renames
+indicate that a full directory has been renamed.
 
 Scope of abilities
 ------------------
@@ -88,9 +88,11 @@ directory rename detection support in:
     Folks have requested in the past that `git diff` detect directory
     renames and somehow simplify its output.  It is not clear whether this
     would be desirable or how the output should be simplified, so this was
-    simply not implemented.  Further, to implement this, directory rename
-    detection logic would need to move from merge-recursive to
-    diffcore-rename.
+    simply not implemented.  Also, while diffcore-rename has most of the
+    logic for detecting directory renames, some of the logic is still found
+    within merge-ort and merge-recursive.  Fully supporting directory
+    rename detection in diffs would require copying or moving the remaining
+    bits of logic to the diff machinery.
 
   * am
 
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index 96240598e3f59f..865074bed4eaca 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -3190,7 +3190,7 @@ that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
 not being pointed to by any commit or tree, so it's now a dangling blob
 object.
 
-Similarly, when the "recursive" merge strategy runs, and finds that
+Similarly, when the "ort" merge strategy runs, and finds that
 there are criss-cross merges and thus more than one merge base (which is
 fairly unusual, but it does happen), it will generate one temporary
 midway tree (or possibly even more, if you had lots of criss-crossing
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index a8a843b1f54113..fbe21d413c1b26 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ static int autostash;
 static int no_verify;
 
 static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
-	{ "recursive",  DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
+	{ "recursive",  NO_TRIVIAL },
 	{ "octopus",    DEFAULT_OCTOPUS },
-	{ "ort",        NO_TRIVIAL },
+	{ "ort",        DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
 	{ "resolve",    0 },
 	{ "ours",       NO_FAST_FORWARD | NO_TRIVIAL },
 	{ "subtree",    NO_FAST_FORWARD | NO_TRIVIAL },
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 
 		for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
 			if (parse_merge_opt(&o, xopts[x]))
-				die(_("Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"), xopts[x]);
+				die(_("unknown strategy option: -X%s"), xopts[x]);
 
 		o.branch1 = head_arg;
 		o.branch2 = merge_remote_util(remoteheads->item)->name;
@@ -1484,6 +1484,12 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 	}
 
+	if (!use_strategies && !pull_twohead &&
+	    remoteheads && !remoteheads->next) {
+		char *default_strategy = getenv("GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM");
+		if (default_strategy)
+			append_strategy(get_strategy(default_strategy));
+	}
 	if (!use_strategies) {
 		if (!remoteheads)
 			; /* already up-to-date */
diff --git a/builtin/rebase.c b/builtin/rebase.c
index 12f093121d9ed3..587a2f1d2998b3 100644
--- a/builtin/rebase.c
+++ b/builtin/rebase.c
@@ -1713,7 +1713,7 @@ int cmd_rebase(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int i;
 
 		if (!options.strategy)
-			options.strategy = "recursive";
+			options.strategy = "ort";
 
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 		for (i = 0; i < strategy_options.nr; i++)
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index 7f07cd00f3f20a..d08ddae52fab12 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct repository *r,
 	for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
 		parse_merge_opt(&o, opts->xopts[i]);
 
-	if (opts->strategy && !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
+	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
 		memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
 		merge_incore_nonrecursive(&o, base_tree, head_tree, next_tree,
 					    &result);
@@ -2065,7 +2065,7 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct repository *r,
 		/*
 		 * We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
 		 * merge the differences in, so let's compute the tree
-		 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
+		 * that represents the "current" state for the merge machinery
 		 * to work on.
 		 */
 		if (write_index_as_tree(&head, r->index, r->index_file, 0, NULL))
@@ -3988,7 +3988,7 @@ static int do_merge(struct repository *r,
 	o.branch2 = ref_name.buf;
 	o.buffer_output = 2;
 
-	if (opts->strategy && !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
+	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
 		/*
 		 * TODO: Should use merge_incore_recursive() and
 		 * merge_switch_to_result(), skipping the call to