diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt
index 4d33e7be0f5599..cf5d1de8424542 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git checkout-index' [-u] [-q] [-a] [-f] [-n] [--prefix=<string>]
 		   [--stage=<number>|all]
 		   [--temp]
+		   [--sparse]
 		   [-z] [--stdin]
 		   [--] [<file>...]
 
@@ -37,8 +38,9 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -a::
 --all::
-	checks out all files in the index.  Cannot be used
-	together with explicit filenames.
+	checks out all files in the index, excluding those outside
+	any specified sparse checkout patterns (see `--sparse`).
+	Cannot be used together with explicit filenames.
 
 -n::
 --no-create::
@@ -59,6 +61,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	write the content to temporary files.  The temporary name
 	associations will be written to stdout.
 
+--sparse::
+	Refresh files outside of the sparse checkout boundary. May
+	only be used in conjunction with `--all`.
+
 --stdin::
 	Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
 	read list of paths from the standard input.  Paths are
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index e21620d964e5e8..4ac566b5e22cb2 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #define USE_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 #include "lockfile.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ static int checkout_file(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(name, namelen);
 	int has_same_name = 0;
+	int is_file = 0;
 	int did_checkout = 0;
 	int errs = 0;
 
@@ -78,6 +80,9 @@ static int checkout_file(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 			break;
 		has_same_name = 1;
 		pos++;
+		if (S_ISSPARSEDIR(ce->ce_mode))
+			break;
+		is_file = 1;
 		if (ce_stage(ce) != checkout_stage
 		    && (CHECKOUT_ALL != checkout_stage || !ce_stage(ce)))
 			continue;
@@ -106,6 +111,8 @@ static int checkout_file(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 		fprintf(stderr, "git checkout-index: %s ", name);
 		if (!has_same_name)
 			fprintf(stderr, "is not in the cache");
+		else if (!is_file)
+			fprintf(stderr, "is a sparse directory");
 		else if (checkout_stage)
 			fprintf(stderr, "does not exist at stage %d",
 				checkout_stage);
@@ -116,15 +123,18 @@ static int checkout_file(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+static int checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length, int include_sparse)
 {
 	int i, errs = 0;
 	struct cache_entry *last_ce = NULL;
 
-	/* TODO: audit for interaction with sparse-index. */
-	ensure_full_index(&the_index);
+	if (include_sparse)
+		ensure_full_index(&the_index);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr ; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!include_sparse && !path_in_sparse_checkout(ce->name, &the_index))
+			continue;
 		if (ce_stage(ce) != checkout_stage
 		    && (CHECKOUT_ALL != checkout_stage || !ce_stage(ce)))
 			continue;
@@ -176,6 +186,7 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int i;
 	struct lock_file lock_file = LOCK_INIT;
 	int all = 0;
+	int include_sparse = 0;
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
 	int prefix_length;
 	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
@@ -185,6 +196,8 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all,
 			N_("check out all files in the index")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "sparse", &include_sparse,
+			N_("do not skip files outside the sparse checkout boundary")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of existing files"), 0),
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
 			N_("no warning for existing files and files not in index")),
@@ -212,6 +225,9 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 
+	prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
+	the_repository->settings.command_requires_full_index = 0;
+
 	if (read_cache() < 0) {
 		die("invalid cache");
 	}
@@ -247,6 +263,8 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 		if (all)
 			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--all' and explicit filenames");
+		if (include_sparse)
+			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--sparse' and explicit filenames");
 		if (read_from_stdin)
 			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--stdin' and explicit filenames");
 		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
@@ -280,7 +298,7 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (all)
-		err |= checkout_all(prefix, prefix_length);
+		err |= checkout_all(prefix, prefix_length, include_sparse);
 
 	if (pc_workers > 1)
 		err |= run_parallel_checkout(&state, pc_workers, pc_threshold,
diff --git a/t/perf/p2000-sparse-operations.sh b/t/perf/p2000-sparse-operations.sh
index b34d1f80d88e46..9ad27e4178ecf9 100755
--- a/t/perf/p2000-sparse-operations.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p2000-sparse-operations.sh
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ test_perf_on_all git commit -a -m A
 test_perf_on_all git checkout -f -
 test_perf_on_all git reset
 test_perf_on_all git reset --hard
+test_perf_on_all git checkout-index -f --all
 test_perf_on_all git update-index --add --remove
 test_perf_on_all git diff
 test_perf_on_all git diff --staged
diff --git a/t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh b/t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh
index c6e0d870822baf..a633b898537ff2 100755
--- a/t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh
+++ b/t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh
@@ -883,6 +883,67 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick with conflicts' '
 	test_all_match test_must_fail git cherry-pick to-cherry-pick
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index inside sparse definition' '
+	init_repos &&
+
+	run_on_all rm -f deep/a &&
+	test_all_match git checkout-index -- deep/a &&
+	test_all_match git status --porcelain=v2 &&
+
+	echo test >>new-a &&
+	run_on_all cp ../new-a a &&
+	test_all_match test_must_fail git checkout-index -- a &&
+	test_all_match git checkout-index -f -- a &&
+	test_all_match git status --porcelain=v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index outside sparse definition' '
+	init_repos &&
+
+	# File does not exist on disk yet for sparse checkouts, so checkout-index
+	# succeeds without -f
+	test_sparse_match git checkout-index -- folder1/a &&
+	test_cmp sparse-checkout/folder1/a sparse-index/folder1/a &&
+	test_cmp sparse-checkout/folder1/a full-checkout/folder1/a &&
+
+	run_on_sparse rm -rf folder1 &&
+	echo test >new-a &&
+	run_on_sparse mkdir -p folder1 &&
+	run_on_all cp ../new-a folder1/a &&
+
+	test_all_match test_must_fail git checkout-index -- folder1/a &&
+	test_all_match git checkout-index -f -- folder1/a &&
+	test_cmp sparse-checkout/folder1/a sparse-index/folder1/a &&
+	test_cmp sparse-checkout/folder1/a full-checkout/folder1/a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index with folders' '
+	init_repos &&
+
+	# Inside checkout definition
+	test_all_match test_must_fail git checkout-index -f -- deep/ &&
+
+	# Outside checkout definition
+	# Note: although all tests fail (as expected), the messaging differs. For
+	# non-sparse index checkouts, the error is that the "file" does not appear
+	# in the index; for sparse checkouts, the error is explicitly that the
+	# entry is a sparse directory.
+	run_on_all test_must_fail git checkout-index -f -- folder1/ &&
+	test_cmp full-checkout-err sparse-checkout-err &&
+	! test_cmp full-checkout-err sparse-index-err &&
+	grep "is a sparse directory" sparse-index-err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index --all' '
+	init_repos &&
+
+	test_all_match git checkout-index --all &&
+	test_sparse_match test_path_is_missing folder1 &&
+
+	test_all_match git checkout-index --sparse --all &&
+	test_all_match test_path_exists folder1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clean' '
 	init_repos &&
 
@@ -983,6 +1044,8 @@ test_expect_success 'sparse-index is not expanded' '
 	echo >>sparse-index/untracked.txt &&
 	ensure_not_expanded add . &&
 
+	ensure_not_expanded checkout-index -f a &&
+	ensure_not_expanded checkout-index -f --all &&
 	for ref in update-deep update-folder1 update-folder2 update-deep
 	do
 		echo >>sparse-index/README.md &&