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How The Web Works

Last Update: 2019/08/14

Basics

  • Request-Response-Cycle
  • Client <=> Server
  • Request: Client asks Server for resource
  • Response: Server serves resource to Client
  • Communication Protocol: HTTP, HTTPS
  • Languages of Server: JavaScript, PHP, Python
  • Languages of Website: HTML (content), CSS (styling), JavaScript (interaction)

Example: User wants to see Website

  • User <=> Browser (Client) <=> Website (Server)
  • User types in human-readable domain (e.g. https://www.google.com)
  • Browser gets machine-readable address of Server by asking a Domain Name System (DNS) Server, that translates domain into IP address (e.g. 172.217.22.4)
  • Website code gets served by Server
  • Website code is already stored on the Server or is generated on-demand by the Server (static vs. dynamic Website)
  • Website code gets interpreted in the Browser
  • User can see interpreted Website code in the Browser