diff --git a/moodle/Sniffs/Commenting/FileExpectedTagsSniff.php b/moodle/Sniffs/Commenting/FileExpectedTagsSniff.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..621ebe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Sniffs/Commenting/FileExpectedTagsSniff.php
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - https://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+namespace MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Sniffs\Commenting;
+
+use MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Util\Docblocks;
+use MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Util\TokenUtil;
+use PHP_CodeSniffer\Config;
+use PHP_CodeSniffer\Sniffs\Sniff;
+use PHP_CodeSniffer\Files\File;
+use PHPCSUtils\Tokens\Collections;
+
+/**
+ * Checks that a file has appropriate tags in either the file, or single artefact block.
+ *
+ * @copyright  2024 Andrew Lyons <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license    https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+class FileExpectedTagsSniff implements Sniff
+{
+    /**
+     * The regular expression used to match the expected license.
+     *
+     * Note that the regular expression is applied using preg_quote to escape as required.
+     *
+     * Note that, if the regular expression is the empty string,
+     * then this Sniff will do nothing.
+     *
+     * Example values:
+     * - Empty string or null: No check is done.
+     *  ''
+     * - The GNU GPL v3 or later license with either http or https license text
+     *   '@https?://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later@':
+     *
+     * @var null|string
+     */
+    public ?string $preferredLicenseRegex = '@https?://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later@';
+
+    /**
+     * Register for open tag (only process once per file).
+     */
+    public function register() {
+        return [
+            T_OPEN_TAG,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes php files and perform various checks with file.
+     *
+     * @param File $phpcsFile The file being scanned.
+     * @param int $stackPtr The position in the stack.
+     */
+    public function process(File $phpcsFile, $stackPtr) {
+        // Get the stack pointer for the file-level docblock.
+        $stackPtr = Docblocks::getDocBlockPointer($phpcsFile, $stackPtr);
+        if ($stackPtr === null) {
+            // There is no file-level docblock.
+
+            if (TokenUtil::countGlobalScopesInFile($phpcsFile) > 1) {
+                // There are more than one item in the global scope.
+                // Only accept the file docblock.
+                return;
+            } else {
+                // There is only one item in the global scope.
+                // We can accept the file docblock or the item docblock.
+                $stackPtr = $phpcsFile->findNext(Collections::closedScopes(), 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->processFileCopyright($phpcsFile, $stackPtr);
+        $this->processFileLicense($phpcsFile, $stackPtr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process the file docblock and check for the presence of a @copyright tag.
+     *
+     * @param File $phpcsFile The file being scanned.
+     * @param int $stackPtr The position in the stack.
+     */
+    private function processFileCopyright(File $phpcsFile, $stackPtr): void {
+        $copyrightTokens = Docblocks::getMatchingDocTags($phpcsFile, $stackPtr, '@copyright');
+        if (empty($copyrightTokens)) {
+            $docPtr = Docblocks::getDocBlockPointer($phpcsFile, $stackPtr);
+            if (empty($docPtr)) {
+                $docPtr = $stackPtr;
+            }
+
+            $phpcsFile->addError(
+                'Missing @copyright tag',
+                $docPtr,
+                'CopyrightTagMissing'
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process the file docblock and check for the presence of a @license tag.
+     *
+     * @param File $phpcsFile The file being scanned.
+     * @param int $stackPtr The position in the stack.
+     */
+    private function processFileLicense(File $phpcsFile, $stackPtr): void {
+        $tokens = $phpcsFile->getTokens();
+        $foundTokens = Docblocks::getMatchingDocTags($phpcsFile, $stackPtr, '@license');
+        if (empty($foundTokens)) {
+            $docPtr = Docblocks::getDocBlockPointer($phpcsFile, $stackPtr);
+            if ($docPtr) {
+                $phpcsFile->addError(
+                    'Missing @license tag',
+                    $docPtr,
+                    'LicenseTagMissing'
+                );
+            } else {
+                $phpcsFile->addError(
+                    'Missing @license tag',
+                    $stackPtr,
+                    'LicenseTagMissing'
+                );
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If specified, get the regular expression from the config.
+        if (($regex = Config::getConfigData('moodleLicenseRegex')) !== null) {
+            $this->preferredLicenseRegex = $regex;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->preferredLicenseRegex === '') {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $licensePtr = $phpcsFile->findNext(T_DOC_COMMENT_STRING, $foundTokens[0]);
+        $license = $tokens[$licensePtr]['content'];
+
+        if (!preg_match($this->preferredLicenseRegex, $license)) {
+            $phpcsFile->addWarning(
+                'Invalid @license tag. Value "%s" does not match expected format',
+                $licensePtr,
+                'LicenseTagInvalid',
+                [$license]
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/FileExpectedTagsSniffTest.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/FileExpectedTagsSniffTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40f483a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/FileExpectedTagsSniffTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<?php
+
+// This file is part of Moodle - https://moodle.org/
+//
+// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Moodle.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+namespace MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Tests\Sniffs\Commenting;
+
+use MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Tests\MoodleCSBaseTestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test the VariableCommentSniff sniff.
+ *
+ * @copyright  2024 onwards Andrew Lyons <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license    https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ *
+ * @covers \MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Sniffs\Commenting\FileExpectedTagsSniff
+ */
+class FileExpectedTagsSniffTest extends MoodleCSBaseTestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider fixtureProvider
+     */
+    public function testSniffWithFixtures(
+        string $fixture,
+        array $errors,
+        array $warnings,
+        array $configValues
+    ): void {
+        $this->setStandard('moodle');
+        $this->setSniff('moodle.Commenting.FileExpectedTags');
+        $this->setFixture(sprintf("%s/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/%s.php", __DIR__, $fixture));
+        $this->setErrors($errors);
+        $this->setWarnings($warnings);
+
+        foreach ($configValues as $configKey => $configValue) {
+            $this->addCustomConfig($configKey, $configValue);
+        }
+
+        $this->verifyCsResults();
+    }
+
+    public static function fixtureProvider(): array {
+        $cases = [
+            'Single artifact, Single docblock' => [
+                'fixture' => 'single_artifact_single_docblock',
+                'errors' => [],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Single artifact, Single docblock (missing)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'single_artifact_single_docblock_missing',
+                'errors' => [
+                    3 => [
+                        'Missing @copyright tag',
+                        'Missing @license tag',
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Single artifact, Single docblock (missing tags)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'single_artifact_single_docblock_missing_tags',
+                'errors' => [
+                    3 =>  [
+                        'Missing @copyright tag',
+                        'Missing @license tag',
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Single artifact, multiple docblocks' => [
+                'fixture' => 'single_artifact_multiple_docblock',
+                'errors' => [
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Single artifact, multiple docblocks (missing)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing',
+                'errors' => [
+                    // Note: Covered by MissingDocblockSniff.
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Single artifact, multiple docblocks (wrong)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'single_artifact_multiple_docblock_wrong',
+                'errors' => [],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Multiple artifacts, File docblock' => [
+                'fixture' => 'multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock',
+                'errors' => [],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Multiple artifacts, File docblock (missing)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing',
+                'errors' => [],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Multiple artifacts, File docblock (wrong data)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong',
+                'errors' => [
+                    3 => 'Missing @copyright tag',
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [
+                    6 => 'Invalid @license tag. Value "Me!" does not match expected format',
+                ],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+            'Multiple artifacts, File docblock, Custom license value set' => [
+                'fixture' => 'multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong',
+                'errors' => [
+                    3 => 'Missing @copyright tag',
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [
+                    'moodleLicenseRegex' => '@Me!@',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'Multiple artifacts, File docblock, No license value set' => [
+                'fixture' => 'multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong',
+                'errors' => [
+                    3 => 'Missing @copyright tag',
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [
+                    'moodleLicenseRegex' => '',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'Multiple artifacts, File docblock (missing tags)' => [
+                'fixture' => 'multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing_tags',
+                'errors' => [
+                    3 => [
+                        'Missing @copyright tag',
+                        'Missing @license tag',
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'warnings' => [],
+                'configValues' => [],
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        return $cases;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a70c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock.php
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * File docblock
+ *
+ * @copyright  2024 Andrew Lyons <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ *
+ */
+class multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
+
+trait example_trait {}
+interface example_interface {}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74acb60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ *
+ */
+class multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
+
+trait example_trait {}
+interface example_interface {}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing_tags.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing_tags.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f46d660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing_tags.php
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * File docblock
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ *
+ */
+class multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_missing_tags
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
+
+trait example_trait {}
+interface example_interface {}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d7e5cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * File docblock
+ *
+ * @license Me!
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ *
+ */
+class multiple_artifact_has_file_docblock_wrong
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
+
+trait example_trait {}
+interface example_interface {}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0996f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * File docblock.
+ *
+ * @copyright  2024 Andrew Lyons <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ */
+class single_artifact_multiple_docblock
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1553104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ */
+class single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trait
+ */
+trait example_trait {}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing_tags.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing_tags.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b37575f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing_tags.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * File docblock.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ */
+class single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_wrong.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_wrong.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ba7e6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_multiple_docblock_wrong.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * File docblock.
+ *
+ * @copyright  Andrew Lyons <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ */
+class single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c73ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock.php
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ *
+ * @copyright  2024 Andrew Lyons <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
+ * @license https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
+ */
+class single_class_single_docblock
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock_missing.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock_missing.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10be8d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock_missing.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+class single_artifact_multiple_docblock_missing
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock_missing_tags.php b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock_missing_tags.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5342878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Sniffs/Commenting/fixtures/FileExpectedTags/single_artifact_single_docblock_missing_tags.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Class docblock.
+ */
+class single_class_single_docblock
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private string $name;
+}
diff --git a/moodle/Tests/Util/TokenUtilTest.php b/moodle/Tests/Util/TokenUtilTest.php
index d32e537..9f44094 100644
--- a/moodle/Tests/Util/TokenUtilTest.php
+++ b/moodle/Tests/Util/TokenUtilTest.php
@@ -103,4 +103,62 @@ public static function objectPropertiesProvider(): array {
 
         return $cases;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider countGlobalScopesInFileProvider
+     */
+    public function testCountGlobalScopesInFile(
+        string $content,
+        int $expectedCount
+    ): void {
+        $config = new Config([]);
+        $ruleset = new Ruleset($config);
+
+        $phpcsFile = new DummyFile($content, $ruleset, $config);
+        $phpcsFile->process();
+
+        $this->assertEquals($expectedCount, TokenUtil::countGlobalScopesInFile($phpcsFile));
+    }
+
+    public static function countGlobalScopesInFileProvider(): array {
+        $cases = [
+            'No global scopes' => [
+                '<?php $a = 1;',
+                0,
+            ],
+            'One global scope' => [
+                '<?php class Example {}',
+                1,
+            ],
+            'Two global scopes' => [
+                '<?php class Example {} class AnotherExample {}',
+                2,
+            ],
+            'Class method is not global' => [
+                '<?php class Example { public function exampleMethod() {} }',
+                1,
+            ],
+            'Global method counts' => [
+                '<?php function exampleFunction() {}',
+                1,
+            ],
+            'Interfaces count' => [
+                '<?php interface ExampleInterface {}',
+                1,
+            ],
+            'Traits count' => [
+                '<?php trait ExampleTrait {}',
+                1,
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '8.1.0') >= 0) {
+            $cases['Enums count'] = [
+                '<?php enum ExampleEnum {}',
+                1,
+            ];
+        }
+
+        return $cases;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/moodle/Util/TokenUtil.php b/moodle/Util/TokenUtil.php
index 6fe38ad..07c13ce 100644
--- a/moodle/Util/TokenUtil.php
+++ b/moodle/Util/TokenUtil.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 namespace MoodleHQ\MoodleCS\moodle\Util;
 
 use PHP_CodeSniffer\Files\File;
+use PHP_CodeSniffer\Util\Tokens;
 use PHPCSUtils\Utils\ObjectDeclarations;
 
 class TokenUtil
@@ -58,4 +59,32 @@ public static function getObjectName(
 
         return ObjectDeclarations::getName($phpcsFile, $stackPtr);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Count the number of global scopes in a file.
+     *
+     * @param File $phpcsFile
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public static function countGlobalScopesInFile(
+        File $phpcsFile
+    ): int {
+        $tokens = $phpcsFile->getTokens();
+        $artifactCount = 0;
+        $find = Tokens::$ooScopeTokens;
+        $find[] = T_FUNCTION;
+
+        $typePtr = 0;
+        while ($typePtr = $phpcsFile->findNext($find, $typePtr + 1)) {
+            $token = $tokens[$typePtr];
+            if ($token['code'] === T_FUNCTION && !empty($token['conditions'])) {
+                // Skip methods of classes, traits and interfaces.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $artifactCount++;
+        }
+
+        return $artifactCount;
+    }
 }