diff --git a/examples/arithmetic/Cargo.toml b/examples/arithmetic/Cargo.toml
index d8df588363..7d43ca41c0 100644
--- a/examples/arithmetic/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/arithmetic/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ name = "uniffi_arithmetic"
 [dependencies]
 uniffi_macros = {path = "../../uniffi_macros"}
 uniffi = {path = "../../uniffi", features=["builtin-bindgen"]}
+thiserror = "1.0"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 uniffi_build = {path = "../../uniffi_build", features=["builtin-bindgen"]}
diff --git a/examples/arithmetic/src/arithmetic.idl b/examples/arithmetic/src/arithmetic.idl
index c7df6698b4..dcb9762e64 100644
--- a/examples/arithmetic/src/arithmetic.idl
+++ b/examples/arithmetic/src/arithmetic.idl
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-
-enum Overflow {
-  "WRAPPING",
-  "SATURATING",
+[Error]
+enum ArithmeticError {
+  "IntegerOverflow",
 };
 
 namespace arithmetic {
-  u64 add(u64 a, u64 b, optional Overflow overflow = "WRAPPING");
-  u64 sub(u64 a, u64 b, optional Overflow overflow = "WRAPPING");
+  [Throws=ArithmeticError]
+  u64 add(u64 a, u64 b);
+
+  [Throws=ArithmeticError]
+  u64 sub(u64 a, u64 b);
+
   boolean equal(u64 a, u64 b);
 };
diff --git a/examples/arithmetic/src/lib.rs b/examples/arithmetic/src/lib.rs
index 66cb4a163c..9b8766b141 100644
--- a/examples/arithmetic/src/lib.rs
+++ b/examples/arithmetic/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,29 +2,24 @@
  * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
-// Flag to let calling code specify a particular behaviour of integer overflow,
-// since rust has such nice support for these.
-pub enum Overflow {
-    WRAPPING,
-    SATURATING,
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+enum ArithmeticError {
+    #[error("Integer overflow!")]
+    IntegerOverflow,
 }
 
-pub fn add(a: u64, b: u64, overflow: Overflow) -> u64 {
-    match overflow {
-        Overflow::WRAPPING => a.overflowing_add(b).0,
-        Overflow::SATURATING => a.saturating_add(b),
-    }
+fn add(a: u64, b: u64) -> Result<u64> {
+    a.checked_add(b).ok_or(ArithmeticError::IntegerOverflow)
 }
 
-pub fn sub(a: u64, b: u64, overflow: Overflow) -> u64 {
-    match overflow {
-        Overflow::WRAPPING => a.overflowing_sub(b).0,
-        Overflow::SATURATING => a.saturating_sub(b),
-    }
+fn sub(a: u64, b: u64) -> Result<u64> {
+    a.checked_sub(b).ok_or(ArithmeticError::IntegerOverflow)
 }
 
-pub fn equal(a: u64, b: u64) -> bool {
+fn equal(a: u64, b: u64) -> bool {
     a == b
 }
 
+type Result<T, E = ArithmeticError> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
+
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/arithmetic.uniffi.rs"));
diff --git a/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.kts b/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.kts
index de91ef23a6..6a2fe37961 100644
--- a/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.kts
+++ b/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.kts
@@ -1,6 +1,20 @@
 import uniffi.arithmetic.*;
 
-assert(add(2, 3, Overflow.SATURATING) == 5L)
+assert(add(2, 4) == 6L)
+assert(add(4, 8) == 12L)
 
+try {
+    sub(0, 2)
+    throw RuntimeException("Should have thrown a IntegerOverflow exception!")
+} catch (e: ArithmeticErrorException) {
+    // It's okay!
+}
+
+assert(sub(4, 2) == 2L)
+assert(sub(8, 4) == 4L)
+
+assert(equal(2, 2))
 assert(equal(4, 4))
-assert(!equal(4, 5))
+
+assert(!equal(2, 4))
+assert(!equal(4, 8))
diff --git a/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.py b/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.py
index b2959a9a1e..690e2e965e 100644
--- a/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.py
+++ b/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.py
@@ -1,6 +1,27 @@
 from arithmetic import *
 
-assert add(2, 3, Overflow.SATURATING) == 5
+try:
+    add(18446744073709551615, 1)
+    assert(not("Should have thrown a IntegerOverflow exception!"))
+except ArithmeticError.IntegerOverflow:
+    # It's okay!
+    pass
 
+assert add(2, 4) == 6
+assert add(4, 8) == 12
+
+try:
+    sub(0, 1)
+    assert(not("Should have thrown a IntegerOverflow exception!"))
+except ArithmeticError.IntegerOverflow:
+    # It's okay!
+    pass
+
+assert sub(4, 2) == 2
+assert sub(8, 4) == 4
+
+assert equal(2, 2)
 assert equal(4, 4)
-assert not equal(4,5)
+
+assert not equal(2, 4)
+assert not equal(4, 8)
diff --git a/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.swift b/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.swift
index 1fb88ac3c1..2076f032e7 100644
--- a/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.swift
+++ b/examples/arithmetic/tests/bindings/test_arithmetic.swift
@@ -1,6 +1,27 @@
 import arithmetic
 
-assert(add(a: 2, b: 3, overflow: .saturating) == 5, "addition works")
+do {
+    let _ = try add(a: 18446744073709551615, b: 1)
+    fatalError("Should have thrown a IntegerOverflow exception!")
+} catch ArithmeticError.IntegerOverflow {
+    // It's okay!
+}
 
-assert(equal(a: 4, b: 4), "equality works")
-assert(!equal(a: 4, b: 5), "non-equality works")
+assert(try! add(a: 2, b: 4) == 6, "add work")
+assert(try! add(a: 4, b: 8) == 12, "add work")
+
+do {
+    let _ = try sub(a: 0, b: 1)
+    fatalError("Should have thrown a IntegerOverflow exception!")
+} catch ArithmeticError.IntegerOverflow {
+    // It's okay!
+}
+
+assert(try! sub(a: 4, b: 2) == 2, "sub work")
+assert(try! sub(a: 8, b: 4) == 4, "sub work")
+
+assert(equal(a: 2, b: 2), "equal works")
+assert(equal(a: 4, b: 4), "equal works")
+
+assert(!equal(a: 2, b: 4), "non-equal works")
+assert(!equal(a: 4, b: 8), "non-equal works")
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/kotlin/templates/ErrorTemplate.kt b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/kotlin/templates/ErrorTemplate.kt
index 28d21ea145..6d0141e584 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/kotlin/templates/ErrorTemplate.kt
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/kotlin/templates/ErrorTemplate.kt
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ internal open class {{e.name()}} : RustError() {
             {% for value in e.values() -%}
             {{loop.index}} -> return {{e.name()}}Exception.{{value}}(message) as E
             {% endfor -%}
-            else -> throw RuntimeException("Invalid error recieved...")
+            else -> throw RuntimeException("Invalid error received...")
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ErrorTemplate.py b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ErrorTemplate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..191881163e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ErrorTemplate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+class RustError(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("code", ctypes.c_int32),
+        ("message", ctypes.c_void_p),
+    ]
+
+    def free(self):
+        return _UniFFILib.{{ ci.ffi_string_free().name() }}(self.message)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "RustError(code={}, message={})".format(
+            self.code,
+            str(ctypes.cast(self.message, ctypes.c_char_p).value, "utf-8"),
+        )
+
+{% for e in ci.iter_error_definitions() %}
+class {{ e.name()|class_name_py }}:
+    {%- for value in e.values() %}
+    class {{ value|class_name_py }}(Exception):
+        pass
+    {%- endfor %}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def raise_err(code, message):
+        {%- for value in e.values() %}
+        if code == {{ loop.index }}:
+            raise {{ e.name()|class_name_py }}.{{ value|class_name_py }}(message)
+        {% endfor %}
+        raise Exception("Unknown error code")
+{% endfor %}
+
+def rust_call_with_error(error_class, fn, *args):
+    error = RustError()
+    error.code = 0
+
+    args_with_error = args + (ctypes.byref(error),)
+    result = fn(*args_with_error)
+    if error.code != 0:
+        message = str(error)
+        error.free()
+
+        error_class.raise_err(error.code, message)
+    
+    return result
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/NamespaceLibraryTemplate.py b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/NamespaceLibraryTemplate.py
index df3daf9c11..6aba969e07 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/NamespaceLibraryTemplate.py
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/NamespaceLibraryTemplate.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def loadIndirect(componentName):
 _UniFFILib = loadIndirect(componentName="{{ ci.namespace() }}")
 {%- for func in ci.iter_ffi_function_definitions() %}
 _UniFFILib.{{ func.name() }}.argtypes = (
-    {%- call py::arg_list_ffi_decl(func.arguments()) -%}
+    {%- call py::arg_list_ffi_decl(func) -%}
 )
 _UniFFILib.{{ func.name() }}.restype = {% match func.return_type() %}{% when Some with (type_) %}{{ type_|type_ffi }}{% when None %}None{% endmatch %}
 {%- endfor %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ObjectTemplate.py b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ObjectTemplate.py
index 31952e18a7..3f079d0d7e 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ObjectTemplate.py
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/ObjectTemplate.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 class {{ obj.name()|class_name_py }}(object):
     # XXX TODO: support for multiple constructors...
     {%- for cons in obj.constructors() %}
-    def __init__(self, {% call py::arg_list_decl(cons.arguments()) -%}):
-        {%- call py::coerce_args_extra_indent(cons.arguments()) %}
+    def __init__(self, {% call py::arg_list_decl(cons) -%}):
+        {%- call py::coerce_args_extra_indent(cons) %}
         self._handle = {% call py::to_ffi_call(cons) %}
     {%- endfor %}
 
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ def __del__(self):
     {%- match meth.return_type() -%}
 
     {%- when Some with (return_type) -%}
-    def {{ meth.name()|fn_name_py }}(self, {% call py::arg_list_decl(meth.arguments()) %}):
-        {%- call py::coerce_args_extra_indent(meth.arguments()) %}
+    def {{ meth.name()|fn_name_py }}(self, {% call py::arg_list_decl(meth) %}):
+        {%- call py::coerce_args_extra_indent(meth) %}
         _retval = {% call py::to_ffi_call_with_prefix("self._handle", meth) %}
         return {{ "_retval"|lift_py(return_type) }}
     
     {%- when None -%}
-    def {{ meth.name()|fn_name_py }}(self, {% call py::arg_list_decl(meth.arguments()) %}):
-        {%- call py::coerce_args_extra_indent(meth.arguments()) %}
+    def {{ meth.name()|fn_name_py }}(self, {% call py::arg_list_decl(meth) %}):
+        {%- call py::coerce_args_extra_indent(meth) %}
         {% call py::to_ffi_call_with_prefix("self._handle", meth) %}
     {% endmatch %}
     {% endfor %}
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/TopLevelFunctionTemplate.py b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/TopLevelFunctionTemplate.py
index 7cf8b00e01..0111a0a390 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/TopLevelFunctionTemplate.py
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/TopLevelFunctionTemplate.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 {%- match func.return_type() -%}
 {%- when Some with (return_type) %}
 
-def {{ func.name()|fn_name_py }}({%- call py::arg_list_decl(func.arguments()) -%}):
-    {%- call py::coerce_args(func.arguments()) %}
+def {{ func.name()|fn_name_py }}({%- call py::arg_list_decl(func) -%}):
+    {%- call py::coerce_args(func) %}
     _retval = {% call py::to_ffi_call(func) %}
     return {{ "_retval"|lift_py(return_type) }}
 
 {% when None -%}
 
-def {{ func.name()|fn_name_py }}({%- call py::arg_list_decl(func.arguments()) -%}):
-    {%- call py::coerce_args(func.arguments()) %}
+def {{ func.name()|fn_name_py }}({%- call py::arg_list_decl(func) -%}):
+    {%- call py::coerce_args(func) %}
     {% call py::to_ffi_call(func) %}
 {% endmatch %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/macros.py b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/macros.py
index aba27853ab..64d282c840 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/macros.py
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/macros.py
@@ -5,19 +5,27 @@
 #}
 
 {%- macro to_ffi_call(func) -%}
-_UniFFILib.{{ func.ffi_func().name() }}({% call _arg_list_ffi_call(func.arguments()) -%})
+{%- match func.throws() -%}
+{%- when Some with (e) -%}
+rust_call_with_error({{ e|class_name_py }},_UniFFILib.{{ func.ffi_func().name() }}{% if func.arguments().len() > 0 %},{% endif %}{% call _arg_list_ffi_call(func) -%})
+{%- else -%}
+_UniFFILib.{{ func.ffi_func().name() }}({% call _arg_list_ffi_call(func) -%})
+{%- endmatch -%}
 {%- endmacro -%}
 
 {%- macro to_ffi_call_with_prefix(prefix, func) -%}
-_UniFFILib.{{ func.ffi_func().name() }}(
-    {{- prefix }}{% if func.arguments().len() > 0 %}, {% call _arg_list_ffi_call(func.arguments()) -%}{% endif -%}
-)
+{%- match func.throws() -%}
+{%- when Some with (e) -%}
+rust_call_with_error({{ e|class_name_py }},_UniFFILib.{{ func.ffi_func().name() }},{{- prefix }}{% if func.arguments().len() > 0 %},{% endif %}{% call _arg_list_ffi_call(func) %}))
+{%- else -%}
+_UniFFILib.{{ func.ffi_func().name() }}({{- prefix }}{% if func.arguments().len() > 0 %},{% endif %}{% call _arg_list_ffi_call(func) %}))
+{%- endmatch -%}
 {%- endmacro -%}
 
-{%- macro _arg_list_ffi_call(args) %}
-    {%- for arg in args %}
+{%- macro _arg_list_ffi_call(func) %}
+    {%- for arg in func.arguments() %}
         {{- arg.name()|lower_py(arg.type_()) }}
-        {%- if !loop.last %}, {% endif %}
+        {%- if !loop.last %},{% endif %}
     {%- endfor %}
 {%- endmacro -%}
 
@@ -26,10 +34,10 @@
 // Note the var_name_py and type_py filters.
 -#}
 
-{% macro arg_list_decl(args) %}
-    {%- for arg in args -%}
+{% macro arg_list_decl(func) %}
+    {%- for arg in func.arguments() -%}
         {{ arg.name()|var_name_py }}
-        {%- if !loop.last %}, {% endif -%}
+        {%- if !loop.last %},{% endif -%}
     {%- endfor %}
 {%- endmacro %}
 
@@ -37,20 +45,21 @@
 // Arglist as used in the _UniFFILib function declations.
 // Note unfiltered name but type_ffi filters.
 -#}
-{%- macro arg_list_ffi_decl(args) %}
-    {%- for arg in args -%}
-        {{ arg.type_()|type_ffi }}, {##}
+{%- macro arg_list_ffi_decl(func) %}
+    {%- for arg in func.arguments() -%}
+        {{ arg.type_()|type_ffi }},{##}
     {%- endfor %}
+    {%- if func.has_out_err() -%}ctypes.POINTER(RustError),{%- endif -%}
 {%- endmacro -%}
 
-{%- macro coerce_args(args) %}
-    {%- for arg in args %}
+{%- macro coerce_args(func) %}
+    {%- for arg in func.arguments() %}
     {{ arg.name()|coerce_py(arg.type_()) -}}
     {% endfor -%}
 {%- endmacro -%}
 
-{%- macro coerce_args_extra_indent(args) %}
-        {%- for arg in args %}
+{%- macro coerce_args_extra_indent(func) %}
+        {%- for arg in func.arguments() %}
         {{ arg.name()|coerce_py(arg.type_()) }}
         {%- endfor %}
 {%- endmacro -%}
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/wrapper.py b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/wrapper.py
index c33335a3b7..9a8cb466ad 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/wrapper.py
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/python/templates/wrapper.py
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 
 {% include "RustBufferHelper.py" %}
 
+# Error definitions
+{% include "ErrorTemplate.py" %}
+
 {% include "NamespaceLibraryTemplate.py" %}
 
 # Public interface members begin here.
@@ -56,6 +59,9 @@
     {%- for obj in ci.iter_object_definitions() %}
     "{{ obj.name()|class_name_py }}",
     {%- endfor %}
+    {%- for e in ci.iter_error_definitions() %}
+    "{{ e.name()|class_name_py }}",
+    {%- endfor %}
 ]
 
-{% import "macros.py" as py %}
\ No newline at end of file
+{% import "macros.py" as py %}
diff --git a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/swift/templates/ErrorTemplate.swift b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/swift/templates/ErrorTemplate.swift
index a2aca67f0c..811faf68a2 100644
--- a/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/swift/templates/ErrorTemplate.swift
+++ b/uniffi_bindgen/src/bindings/swift/templates/ErrorTemplate.swift
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {# 
 // In here we define conversions between a native reference to Swift errors
-// We use the RustError protocol to define the requirments. Any implementers of the protocol
+// We use the RustError protocol to define the requirements. Any implementers of the protocol
 // Can be generated from a NativeRustError. 
 
 #}