diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index c53863cc..e8e9db8e 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .PHONY: install
 install:
 	#python3 setup.py install
-	pip3 install .
+	pip3 install -e .
 
 .PHONY: install-extras
 install-extras:
diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index b3e47a95..4781a00f 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ singular matrix.
 
 4. Handle controlled sources for loop and mesh analysis
 
+
 Infrastructure
 ==============
 
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.png b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.png
index 0c91d401..d27390d6 100644
Binary files a/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.png and b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.png differ
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.sch b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.sch
index 85b3a6ef..bc713abf 100644
--- a/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.sch
+++ b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds.sch
@@ -26,3 +26,4 @@ W 6 7; right
 W 7 07; down=0.2, 0V
 A 7; l=0V, anchor=s
 ; label_nodes=none
+; draw_nodes=none
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/grounds2.png b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds2.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa208481
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds2.png differ
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/grounds2.sch b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds2.sch
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50e0a665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/schematics/grounds2.sch
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# tailless ground
+W 1 01; down=0.2, tlground
+A 1; l=tlground, anchor=s
+W 1 2; right
+# thick tailless ground
+W 2 02; down=0.2, tground
+A 2; l=tground, anchor=s
+W 2 3; right
+# European ground
+W 3 03; down=0.2, eground
+A 3; l=eground, anchor=s
+W 3 4; right
+# alternative European ground
+W 4 04; down=0.2, eground2
+A 4; l=eground2, anchor=s
+; label_nodes=none
+; draw_nodes=none
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.png b/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.png
index 7ceec300..14697557 100644
Binary files a/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.png and b/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.png differ
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.sch b/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.sch
index c15e14ee..9c01c0fa 100644
--- a/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.sch
+++ b/doc/examples/schematics/transistors.sch
@@ -29,5 +29,7 @@ M15 40 41 42  M15; up=1.5, kind=nfet, l=nfet/bodydiode, bodydiode
 M16 43 44 42  M16; up=1.5, kind=pfet, l=pfet/bodydiode, bodydiode
 M17 43 45 46  M17; up=1.5, kind=nmosd, l=nmosd/bulk, bulk
 M18 47 48 46  M18; up=1.5, kind=pmosd, l=pmosd/bulk, bulk
+M19 47 49 50  M19; up=1.5, kind=nmos, l=nmos/arrowmos, arrowmos
+M20 51 52 50  M20; up=1.5, kind=pmos, l=pmos/arrowmos, arrowmos
 
 ; label_nodes=none, draw_nodes=connections
diff --git a/doc/examples/schematics/transistors3.png b/doc/examples/schematics/transistors3.png
index 6cee1529..7cb945cc 100644
Binary files a/doc/examples/schematics/transistors3.png and b/doc/examples/schematics/transistors3.png differ
diff --git a/doc/netlists.rst b/doc/netlists.rst
index 746c955d..2405a589 100644
--- a/doc/netlists.rst
+++ b/doc/netlists.rst
@@ -497,6 +497,20 @@ Circuit methods
   referred to when the last switch activated prior to the time
   specified for `t`.
 
+- `defs(ignore)` Returns a directory of argname-value pair for all
+         components except for components with names specified by
+         `ignore`.  For example,
+
+   >>> cct = Circuit("""
+   ... R 1 2 3
+   ... C1 2 3 4
+   ... C2 3 4 5 6
+   ... L 4 5 7 8""")
+   >>> cct.defs()
+   {'R': '3', 'C1': '4', 'C2': '5', 'C2_v0': '6', 'L': '7', 'L_i0': '8'}
+
+   See also `sympify()` and `subs()`.
+
 - `describe()` Prints message describing how netlist is solved
 
 - `evidence_matrix()` Returns the evidence matrix.  This has a size
@@ -541,7 +555,7 @@ Circuit methods
    >>> a.initialize({'L1': 7})
    L1 1 2 L1 7
 
-   See also `convert_IVP`.
+   See also `convert_IVP()`.
 
 - `open_circuit(cpt)` Applies open circuit in series with the component.  The name of the open circuit component is returned.
 
@@ -568,7 +582,7 @@ Circuit methods
 
 - `replace_switches(t)` Replaces switches with a short-circuit or
   open-circuit circuit by considering whether the specified time `t`
-  is at or after the switch activation time.   See also `convert_IVP`.
+  is at or after the switch activation time.   See also `convert_IVP()`.
 
    >>> cct = Circuit("""
    ... SW1 1 2 no
@@ -585,7 +599,7 @@ Circuit methods
 
 - `replace_switches_before(t)` Replaces switches with a short-circuit
   or open-circuit circuit by considering whether the specified time
-  `t` is before the switch activation time.   See also `convert_IVP`.
+  `t` is before the switch activation time.   See also `convert_IVP()`.
 
 - `s_model()` Converts sources to the s-domain and represents
   reactive components as impedances.
@@ -632,6 +646,27 @@ Circuit methods
    >>> cct.switching_times()
    [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
 
+- `sympify(ignore)` Converts numerical values to symbolic values
+  except for component names specified by `ignore`.  For example,
+
+   >>> cct = Circuit("""
+   ... R 1 2 3
+   ... C1 2 3 4
+   ... C2 3 4 5 6
+   ... L 4 5 7 8""")
+   >>> cct.sympify()
+   R 1 2
+   C1 2 3
+   C2 3 4 C2 v0_C2
+   L 4 5 L i0_L
+   >>> cct.sympify().subs(cct.defs())
+   R 1 2 3
+   C1 2 3 4
+   C2 3 4 5 6
+   L 4 5 7 8
+
+   Note how the initial values are named.  See also `defs()` and `subs()`.
+
 - `unconnected_nodes` Returns list of names of nodes that are unconnected
 
 - `unreachable_nodes(node)` Returns list of names of nodes that have no path to `node`.
diff --git a/doc/schematics.rst b/doc/schematics.rst
index a5b8572d..70e2a2f2 100644
--- a/doc/schematics.rst
+++ b/doc/schematics.rst
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ MOSFET transistors have the following attributes:
 
 - `bodydiode`
 
-- `arrow`
+- `arrowmos`
 
 - `ferroel gate` ferroelectric gate
 
@@ -978,6 +978,10 @@ connections.  They have one of the following attributes:
 - `nground`  noiseless ground
 - `pground`  protected ground
 - `rground`  reference ground
+- `tlground`  tailless ground
+- `tground`  thicker tailless ground
+- `eground`  European style ground
+- `eground2` alternative European style ground
 - `0V`       ground
 - `vcc`      positive power supply (voltage to collectors)
 - `vdd`      positive power supply (voltage to drains ;-)
@@ -1011,6 +1015,11 @@ Here are some ground examples:
 .. image:: examples/schematics/grounds.png
     :width: 15cm
 
+.. literalinclude:: examples/schematics/grounds2.sch
+
+.. image:: examples/schematics/grounds2.png
+    :width: 7.5cm
+
 
 Here are some power supply examples:
 
diff --git a/lcapy/mnacpts.py b/lcapy/mnacpts.py
index 2abd8921..e84384d4 100644
--- a/lcapy/mnacpts.py
+++ b/lcapy/mnacpts.py
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ class Cpt(ImmittanceMixin):
     is_wire = False
     is_current_controlled = False
     is_voltage_controlled = False
+    extra_argnames = ()
 
     def __init__(self, cct, namespace, name, cpt_type, cpt_id, string,
                  opts_string, node_names, keyword, *args):
@@ -679,6 +680,9 @@ def I(self):
         """Current through component.  The current is defined to be into the
         positive node."""
 
+        if self.ignore:
+            raise ValueError('Cannot determine I for %s' % self)
+
         return self.cct.get_I(self.name)
 
     @property
@@ -700,6 +704,9 @@ def p(self):
     def V(self):
         """Voltage drop across component."""
 
+        if self.ignore:
+            raise ValueError('Cannot determine V for %s' % self)
+
         return self.cct.get_Vd(self.nodes[0].name, self.nodes[1].name)
 
     @property
@@ -897,6 +904,36 @@ def short_circuit(self):
 
         return self.cct.last_added()
 
+    @property
+    def argnames(self):
+
+        """Return list of arg names."""
+
+        args = [self.name]
+        args.extend([self.name + '_' + name for name in self.extra_argnames])
+
+        return args
+
+    def defs(self):
+        """Return directory of argname-value pair."""
+
+        defs = {}
+        for argname, value in zip(self.argnames, self.args):
+            if value is None:
+                # Initial condition for C and L.
+                continue
+            defs[argname] = value
+
+        return defs
+
+    def sympify(self):
+        """Return component with numerical values removed."""
+
+        if len(self.args) == 1:
+            return self._netmake(args=[])
+
+        return self._netmake(args=self.argnames)
+
 
 class Invalid(Cpt):
     pass
@@ -937,14 +974,26 @@ class Dummy(Cpt):
     has_ic = None
     noisy = False
 
+    def _stamp(self, mna):
+        pass
 
-class XX(Dummy):
 
-    is_directive = True
+class Ignore(Dummy):
+
     ignore = True
 
-    def _stamp(self, mna):
-        pass
+    @property
+    def Voc(self):
+        raise ValueError('Cannot determine Voc for %s' % self)
+
+    @property
+    def Isc(self):
+        raise ValueError('Cannot determine Isc for %s' % self)
+
+
+class XX(Ignore):
+
+    is_directive = True
 
     def _subs(self, subs_dict):
         return self._copy()
@@ -958,10 +1007,6 @@ def __str__(self):
         return self._string
 
 
-class A(Cpt):
-    pass
-
-
 class AM(Cpt):
 
     # Model ammeter as a 0 V voltage source so can determine
@@ -1110,6 +1155,7 @@ class C(RC):
 
     is_reactive = True
     add_parallel = True
+    extra_argnames = ('v0', )
 
     @property
     def C(self):
@@ -1169,6 +1215,14 @@ def _ss_model(self):
         # with another voltage source?
         return self._netmake_variant('V_', args='v_%s(t)' % self.relname)
 
+    def sympify(self):
+        """Return component with numerical values removed."""
+
+        if self.has_ic:
+            return self._netmake(args=self.argnames)
+
+        return self._netmake(args=[])
+
     @property
     def V0(self):
         """Initial voltage (for capacitors only)."""
@@ -1180,6 +1234,8 @@ def V0(self):
 
 class CPE(RC):
 
+    extra_argnames = ('alpha',)
+
     @property
     def K(self):
         return self.cpt.K
@@ -1245,6 +1301,8 @@ class E(VCVS):
 class Eopamp(DependentSource):
     """Operational amplifier"""
 
+    extra_argnames = ('Ac', 'Ro')
+
     def _expand(self):
 
         Ad, Ac, Ro = self.args
@@ -1282,6 +1340,8 @@ def _stamp(self, mna):
 class Efdopamp(DependentSource):
     """Fully differential opamp"""
 
+    extra_argnames = ('Ac')
+
     def _expand(self):
 
         Ad, Ac = self.args
@@ -1311,6 +1371,8 @@ def _stamp(self, mna):
 class Einamp(DependentSource):
     """Instrumentation amplifier"""
 
+    extra_argnames = ('Ac', 'Rf')
+
     def _expand(self):
 
         Ad, Ac, Rf = self.args
@@ -1627,6 +1689,7 @@ class L(RLC):
     need_branch_current = True
     is_reactive = True
     add_series = True
+    extra_argnames = ('i0', )
 
     def _r_model(self):
 
@@ -1701,24 +1764,28 @@ def _stamp(self, mna):
             V = self.Voc.sympy
             mna._Es[m] += V
 
+    def _pre_initial_model(self):
+
+        return self._netmake_variant('I', args=self.cpt.i0)
+
     def _ss_model(self):
         # Perhaps mangle name to ensure it does not conflict
         # with another current source?
         return self._netmake_variant('I_', args='i_%s(t)' % self.relname)
 
-    def _pre_initial_model(self):
+    def sympify(self):
+        """Return component with numerical values removed."""
 
-        return self._netmake_variant('I', args=self.cpt.i0)
+        if self.has_ic:
+            return self._netmake(args=self.argnames)
 
+        return self._netmake(args=[])
 
 class O(Dummy):
     """Open circuit"""
 
     is_open_circuit = True
 
-    def _stamp(self, mna):
-        pass
-
     @property
     def I(self):
         return SuperpositionCurrent(0)
@@ -1733,9 +1800,6 @@ class P(Dummy):
 
     is_port = True
 
-    def _stamp(self, mna):
-        pass
-
     @property
     def I(self):
         return SuperpositionCurrent(0)
@@ -1763,9 +1827,31 @@ def _r_model(self):
 
 class RV(RC):
 
-    # TODO.  Can simulate as series resistors (1 - alpha) R and alpha R.
-    pass
+    def _stamp(self, mna):
+
+        n1, n2, n3 = mna._cpt_node_indexes(self)
+
+        R = expr(self.args[0]).sympy
+        a = expr(self.args[1]).sympy
+
+        Y1 = 1 / (R * (1 - a))
+        Y2 = 1 / (R * a)
+
+        if n1 >= 0 and n3 >= 0:
+            mna._G[n1, n3] -= Y1
+            mna._G[n3, n1] -= Y1
+        if n1 >= 0:
+            mna._G[n1, n1] += Y1
+        if n3 >= 0:
+            mna._G[n3, n3] += Y1
 
+        if n3 >= 0 and n2 >= 0:
+            mna._G[n3, n2] -= Y2
+            mna._G[n2, n3] -= Y2
+        if n3 >= 0:
+            mna._G[n3, n3] += Y2
+        if n2 >= 0:
+            mna._G[n2, n2] += Y2
 
 class SPpp(Dummy):
 
@@ -2262,9 +2348,6 @@ class W(Dummy):
 
     is_wire = True
 
-    def _stamp(self, mna):
-        pass
-
     @property
     def I(self):
         raise ValueError(
@@ -2322,7 +2405,7 @@ def make(classname, parent, namespace, name, cpt_type, cpt_id,
 
 
 # Dynamically create classes.
-defcpt('A', Misc, 'Annotation')
+defcpt('A', Ignore, 'Annotation')
 defcpt('ADC', Misc, 'ADC')
 defcpt('ANT', Misc, 'Antenna')
 
diff --git a/lcapy/netlistmixin.py b/lcapy/netlistmixin.py
index 18ded598..9a0bf286 100644
--- a/lcapy/netlistmixin.py
+++ b/lcapy/netlistmixin.py
@@ -1057,6 +1057,33 @@ def state_space_model(self):
 
         return self.ss_model()
 
+    def defs(self, ignore=None):
+        """Return directory of argname-value pair for all components except
+         for components with names specified by `ignore`."""
+
+        defs = {}
+        for cpt in self._elements.values():
+            defs = {**defs, **cpt.defs()}
+        return defs
+
+    def sympify(self, ignore=None):
+        """Convert numerical arguments to symbolic arguments except for
+        components with names specified by `ignore`."""
+
+        if ignore is None:
+            ignore = []
+
+        new = self._new()
+
+        for cpt in self._elements.values():
+
+            if cpt.name in ignore:
+                net = cpt._copy()
+            else:
+                net = cpt.sympify()
+            new._add(net)
+        return new
+
     def ac_model(self, var=omega):
         """"Create AC model for specified angular frequency (default
         omega)."""
diff --git a/lcapy/schematic.py b/lcapy/schematic.py
index 414d0470..1a9df500 100644
--- a/lcapy/schematic.py
+++ b/lcapy/schematic.py
@@ -599,7 +599,6 @@ def draw(self, filename=None, **kwargs):
                     if key != 'thickness':
                         # val is a str
                         kwargs[key] = val
-                break
 
         def in_ipynb():
             try:
diff --git a/lcapy/schematics/components/cpt.py b/lcapy/schematics/components/cpt.py
index 2407d82b..3952c3ad 100644
--- a/lcapy/schematics/components/cpt.py
+++ b/lcapy/schematics/components/cpt.py
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ def angle_choose(pinpos):
 
 class Cpt(object):
 
+    # Perhaps use ABC?
+
     voltage_keys = ('v', 'v_', 'v^', 'v_>', 'v_<', 'v^>', 'v^<',
                     'v<', 'v>')
     current_keys = ('i', 'i_', 'i^', 'i_>',  'i_<', 'i^>', 'i^<',
@@ -62,7 +64,8 @@ class Cpt(object):
     inner_label_keys = ('t', )
     connection_keys = ('input', 'output', 'bidir', 'pad')
     ground_keys = ('ground', 'sground', 'rground',
-                   'cground', 'nground', 'pground', '0V')
+                   'cground', 'nground', 'pground', '0V',
+                   'tlground', 'tground', 'eground', 'eground2')
     supply_positive_keys = ('vcc', 'vdd')
     supply_negative_keys = ('vee', 'vss')
     supply_keys = supply_positive_keys + supply_negative_keys
@@ -111,6 +114,11 @@ class Cpt(object):
     # node_pinnames maps node numbers to pinnames
     node_pinnames = ()
     default_pins = ()
+    # pins is a dictionary indexed by pinname.  Each entry is a tuple
+    # (pinpos, x, y) where (x, y) is the pin coordinate.  pinpos is a
+    # string (either 't', 'r', 'b', 'l') indicating where the pin
+    # label should be placed.  If pinpos ends with 'x', the coordinate
+    # can be scaled.
     pins = {}
     # Auxiliary nodes are used for finding the centre of the shape or
     # to define a bounding box.
@@ -336,6 +344,14 @@ def size(self):
             val = self.default_width
         return float(val) * self.shape_scale
 
+    @property
+    def width(self):
+        return self.w * self.size * self.sch.node_spacing
+
+    @property
+    def height(self):
+        return self.h * self.size * self.sch.node_spacing
+
     @property
     def scale(self):
         return float(self.opts.get('scale', 1.0))
@@ -1130,10 +1146,15 @@ def autoground(self, autoground):
             raise ValueError('Invalid autoground % s.  Choices are % s' %
                              (autoground, ', '.join(self.ground_keys)))
 
+        if self.implicit_key(self.opts):
+            return
+
         for m, node_name in enumerate(self.required_node_names):
             if node_name != '0':
                 continue
 
+            # Check if have implicit ground...
+
             new_node = self.sch.nodes[node_name].split(self)
             new_node.implicit = True
             new_node.implicit_symbol = autoground
diff --git a/lcapy/schematics/components/shape.py b/lcapy/schematics/components/shape.py
index 24653b85..742cd2b2 100644
--- a/lcapy/schematics/components/shape.py
+++ b/lcapy/schematics/components/shape.py
@@ -16,14 +16,6 @@ class Shape(FixedCpt):
                  'tl': ('l', -0.5, 0.5),
                  'tr': ('r', 0.5, 0.5)}
 
-    @property
-    def width(self):
-        return self.w * self.size * self.sch.node_spacing
-
-    @property
-    def height(self):
-        return self.h * self.size * self.sch.node_spacing
-
     def pinpos_rotate(self, pinpos, angle):
         """Rotate pinpos by multiple of 90 degrees.  pinpos is either 'l',
         't', 'r', 'b'."""
diff --git a/lcapy/schematics/components/transistor.py b/lcapy/schematics/components/transistor.py
index 8a2f98af..903b33a8 100644
--- a/lcapy/schematics/components/transistor.py
+++ b/lcapy/schematics/components/transistor.py
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ def draw(self, **kwargs):
         label = self.label_tweak(label, xscale, yscale, self.angle)
 
         s = r'  \draw (%s) node[%s, %s, xscale=%s, yscale=%s, rotate=%d] (%s) {%s};''\n' % (
-            centre, cpt, self.draw_args_str(**kwargs), xscale, yscale,
+            centre, cpt, self.cpt_args_str(**kwargs), xscale, yscale,
             self.angle, self.s, label)
 
         # Add additional wires.  These help to compensate for the
         # slight differences in sizes of the different transistors.
         if self.tikz_cpt in ('pnp', 'npn'):
             s += r'  \draw[%s] (%s.C) -- (%s) (%s.B) -- (%s) (%s.E) -- (%s);''\n' % (
-                self.draw_args_str(**kwargs), self.s, n1.s, self.s, n2.s, self.s, n3.s)
+                self.cpt_args_str(**kwargs), self.s, n1.s, self.s, n2.s, self.s, n3.s)
         else:
             s += r'  \draw (%s.D) -- (%s) (%s.G) -- (%s) (%s.S) -- (%s);''\n' % (
                 self.s, n1.s, self.s, n2.s, self.s, n3.s)
diff --git a/lcapy/schemcpts.py b/lcapy/schemcpts.py
index 2acf5009..79db8a35 100644
--- a/lcapy/schemcpts.py
+++ b/lcapy/schemcpts.py
@@ -718,14 +718,16 @@ class Potentiometer(Bipole):
     """Potentiometer  Np, Nm, No"""
 
     # This is not really a bipole but circuitikz treats it as such
+    # Note, the wiper position is not scaled if the component
+    # is stretched or scaled.
 
     can_stretch = False
 
     node_pinnames = ('p', 'n', 'wiper')
     aliases = {'+': 'p', '-': 'n'}
-    pins = {'p': ('rx', 0, 0),
-            'n': ('rx', 1, 0),
-            'wiper': ('lx', 0.5, 0.3)}
+    pins = {'p': ('rx', -0.5, 0),
+            'n': ('rx', 0.5, 0),
+            'wiper': ('l', 0.0, 0.3)}
 
 
 class VCS(Bipole):
@@ -1396,7 +1398,3 @@ def make(classname, parent, namespace, name, cpt_type, cpt_id,
 defcpt('m', Bipole, 'Mass', 'mass')
 defcpt('k', Bipole, 'Spring', 'spring')
 defcpt('r', Bipole, 'Damper', 'damper')
-
-# Perhaps AM for ammeter, VM for voltmeter, VR for variable resistor?
-# Currently, a variable resistor is supported with the variable
-# option.
diff --git a/lcapy/tests/test_circuits.py b/lcapy/tests/test_circuits.py
index 8d5d0b9a..e457dedb 100644
--- a/lcapy/tests/test_circuits.py
+++ b/lcapy/tests/test_circuits.py
@@ -718,6 +718,25 @@ def test_netlist_subs(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(b.V1.Voc, expr(f), "netlist subs")
 
+    def test_netlist_sympify(self):
+        """Test netlist sympify/defs/subs"""
+
+        a = Circuit('''
+        R 1 2 1
+        C1 2 3 2
+        C2 3 4 3 4
+        L1 4 5 6
+        L2 7 8 9 10''')
+
+        b = a.sympify()
+        defs = a.defs()
+        c = b.subs(defs)
+
+        self.assertEqual(a.C1.args, c.C1.args, "C1")
+        self.assertEqual(a.C2.args, c.C2.args, "C2")
+        self.assertEqual(a.L1.args, c.L1.args, "L1")
+        self.assertEqual(a.L2.args, c.L2.args, "L2")
+
     def test_cpt(self):
         """Test cpt"""