iter_impl template conformance with C++17

[bogemic]

The std::iterator class template (used as a base class to provide typedefs) is deprecated in C++17.

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Pull request checklist

• Changes are described in the pull request, or an existing issue is referenced.
• The test suite compiles and runs without error.
• Code coverage is 100%. Test cases can be added by editing the test suite.

Please don't

• The C++11 support varies between different compilers and versions. Please note the list of supported compilers. Some compilers like GCC 4.8 (and earlier), Clang 3.3 (and earlier), or Microsoft Visual Studio 13.0 and earlier are known not to work due to missing or incomplete C++11 support. Please refrain from proposing changes that work around these compiler's limitations with #ifdefs or other means.
• Specifically, I am aware of compilation problems with Microsoft Visual Studio (there even is an issue label for these kind of bugs). I understand that even in 2016, complete C++11 support isn't there yet. But please also understand that I do not want to drop features or uglify the code just to make Microsoft's sub-standard compiler happy. The past has shown that there are ways to express the functionality such that the code compiles with the most recent MSVC - unfortunately, this is not the main objective of the project.
• Please refrain from proposing changes that would break JSON conformance. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
• Please do not open pull requests that address multiple issues.

[coveralls]

Coverage remained the same at 100.0% when pulling 64d6daa on bogemic:std_iterator_conformance_cpp17 into 7c2d4f1 on nlohmann:develop.

[nlohmann]

Looks good to me.

[nlohmann]

Thanks a lot!