src: disambiguate terms used to refer to builtins and addons

The term "native module" dates back to some of the oldest code
in the code base. Within the context of Node.js core it usually
refers to modules that are native to Node.js (e.g. fs, http),
but it can cause confusion for people who don't work on this
part of the code base, as "native module" can also refer to
native addons - which is even the case in some of the API
docs and error messages.

This patch tries to make the usage of these terms more consistent.
Now within the context of Node.js core:

- JavaScript scripts that are built-in to Node.js are now referred
  to as "built-in(s)". If they are available as modules,
  they can also be referred to as "built-in module(s)".
- Dynamically-linked shared objects that are loaded into
  the Node.js processes are referred to as "addons".

We will try to avoid using the term "native modules" because it could
be ambiguous.

Changes in this patch:

File names:
- node_native_module.h -> node_builtins.h,
- node_native_module.cc -> node_builtins.cc

C++ binding names:
- `native_module` -> `builtins`

`node::Environment`:
- `native_modules_without_cache` -> `builtins_without_cache`
- `native_modules_with_cache` -> `builtins_with_cache`
- `native_modules_in_snapshot` -> `builtins_in_cache`
- `native_module_require` -> `builtin_module_require`

`node::EnvSerializeInfo`:
- `native_modules` -> `builtins

`node::native_module::NativeModuleLoader`:
- `native_module` namespace -> `builtins` namespace
- `NativeModuleLoader` -> `BuiltinLoader`
- `NativeModuleRecordMap` -> `BuiltinSourceMap`
- `NativeModuleCacheMap` -> `BuiltinCodeCacheMap`
- `ModuleIds` -> `BuiltinIds`
- `ModuleCategories` -> `BuiltinCategories`
- `LoadBuiltinModuleSource` -> `LoadBuiltinSource`

`loader.js`:
- `NativeModule` -> `BuiltinModule` (the `NativeModule` name used in
  `process.moduleLoadList` is kept for compatibility)

And other clarifications in the documentation and comments.

PR-URL: #44135
Backport-PR-URL: #45663
Fixes: #44036
Reviewed-By: Jacob Smith <jacob@frende.me>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <midawson@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <rlau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng <technicalcute@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Chengzhong Wu <legendecas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Mohammed Keyvanzadeh <mohammadkeyvanzade94@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Jan Krems <jan.krems@gmail.com>

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 /benchmark/misc/startup.js @nodejs/startup
 /src/node.cc @nodejs/startup
 /src/node_code_cache_stub.cc @nodejs/startup
-/src/node_native_module* @nodejs/startup
+/src/node_builtins* @nodejs/startup
 /src/node_snapshot* @nodejs/startup
 /lib/internal/bootstrap/* @nodejs/startup
 /tools/code_cache/* @nodejs/startup

doc/api/deprecations.md

@@ -2003,7 +2003,7 @@ changes:
 
 Type: Compile-time
 
-Certain versions of `node::MakeCallback` APIs available to native modules are
+Certain versions of `node::MakeCallback` APIs available to native addons are
 deprecated. Please use the versions of the API that accept an `async_context`
 parameter.
 
@@ -2751,7 +2751,7 @@ changes:
 Type: Documentation-only
 
 The `node:repl` module exports a `_builtinLibs` property that contains an array
-with native modules. It was incomplete so far and instead it's better to rely
+of built-in modules. It was incomplete so far and instead it's better to rely
 upon `require('node:module').builtinModules`.
 
 ### DEP0143: `Transform._transformState`

doc/api/modules.md

@@ -705,8 +705,8 @@ This does not apply to [native addons][], for which reloading will result in an
 error.
 
 Adding or replacing entries is also possible. This cache is checked before
-native modules and if a name matching a native module is added to the cache,
-only `node:`-prefixed require calls are going to receive the native module.
+built-in modules and if a name matching a built-in module is added to the cache,
+only `node:`-prefixed require calls are going to receive the built-in module.
 Use with care!
 
 <!-- eslint-disable node-core/no-duplicate-requires -->

doc/api/n-api.md

@@ -201,9 +201,9 @@ GitHub projects using CMake.js.
 #### prebuildify
 
 [prebuildify][] is a tool based on node-gyp. The advantage of prebuildify is
-that the built binaries are bundled with the native module when it's
+that the built binaries are bundled with the native addon when it's
 uploaded to npm. The binaries are downloaded from npm and are immediately
-available to the module user when the native module is installed.
+available to the module user when the native addon is installed.
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ callback throws an exception with no way to recover.
 
 ### Fatal errors
 
-In the event of an unrecoverable error in a native module, a fatal error can be
+In the event of an unrecoverable error in a native addon, a fatal error can be
 thrown to immediately terminate the process.
 
 #### `napi_fatal_error`
@@ -5745,7 +5745,7 @@ Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
 
 This function gives V8 an indication of the amount of externally allocated
 memory that is kept alive by JavaScript objects (i.e. a JavaScript object
-that points to its own memory allocated by a native module). Registering
+that points to its own memory allocated by a native addon). Registering
 externally allocated memory will trigger global garbage collections more
 often than it would otherwise.
 

doc/contributing/adding-new-napi-api.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Contributing a new API to Node-API
 
-Node-API is the next-generation ABI-stable API for native modules.
+Node-API is the next-generation ABI-stable API for native addons.
 While improving the API surface is encouraged and welcomed, the following are
 a set of principles and guidelines to keep in mind while adding a new
 Node-API.

lib/assert.js

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const { openSync, closeSync, readSync } = require('fs');
 const { inspect } = require('internal/util/inspect');
 const { isPromise, isRegExp } = require('internal/util/types');
 const { EOL } = require('internal/constants');
-const { NativeModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
+const { BuiltinModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
 const { isError } = require('internal/util');
 
 const errorCache = new SafeMap();
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ function getErrMessage(message, fn) {
 
     // Skip Node.js modules!
     if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(filename, 'node:') &&
-        NativeModule.exists(StringPrototypeSlice(filename, 5))) {
+        BuiltinModule.exists(StringPrototypeSlice(filename, 5))) {
       errorCache.set(identifier, undefined);
       return;
     }

lib/internal/bootstrap/loaders.js

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 //   and have their nm_flags set to NM_F_INTERNAL.
 //
 // Internal JavaScript module loader:
-// - NativeModule: a minimal module system used to load the JavaScript core
+// - BuiltinModule: a minimal module system used to load the JavaScript core
 //   modules found in lib/**/*.js and deps/**/*.js. All core modules are
 //   compiled into the node binary via node_javascript.cc generated by js2c.py,
 //   so they can be loaded faster without the cost of I/O. This class makes the
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ let internalBinding;
 
 const loaderId = 'internal/bootstrap/loaders';
 const {
-  moduleIds,
+  builtinIds,
   compileFunction
-} = internalBinding('native_module');
+} = internalBinding('builtins');
 
 const getOwn = (target, property, receiver) => {
   return ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty(target, property) ?
@@ -195,13 +195,13 @@ const getOwn = (target, property, receiver) => {
  * Be careful not to expose this to user land unless --expose-internals is
  * used, in which case there is no compatibility guarantee about this class.
  */
-class NativeModule {
+class BuiltinModule {
   /**
    * A map from the module IDs to the module instances.
-   * @type {Map<string, NativeModule>}
+   * @type {Map<string, BuiltinModule>}
    */
   static map = new SafeMap(
-    ArrayPrototypeMap(moduleIds, (id) => [id, new NativeModule(id)])
+    ArrayPrototypeMap(builtinIds, (id) => [id, new BuiltinModule(id)])
   );
 
   constructor(id) {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class NativeModule {
     this.loading = false;
 
     // The following properties are used by the ESM implementation and only
-    // initialized when the native module is loaded by users.
+    // initialized when the built-in module is loaded by users.
     /**
      * The C++ ModuleWrap binding used to interface with the ESM implementation.
      * @type {ModuleWrap|undefined}
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ class NativeModule {
   // To be called during pre-execution when --expose-internals is on.
   // Enables the user-land module loader to access internal modules.
   static exposeInternals() {
-    for (const { 0: id, 1: mod } of NativeModule.map) {
+    for (const { 0: id, 1: mod } of BuiltinModule.map) {
       // Do not expose this to user land even with --expose-internals.
       if (id !== loaderId) {
         mod.canBeRequiredByUsers = true;
@@ -241,11 +241,11 @@ class NativeModule {
   }
 
   static exists(id) {
-    return NativeModule.map.has(id);
+    return BuiltinModule.map.has(id);
   }
 
   static canBeRequiredByUsers(id) {
-    const mod = NativeModule.map.get(id);
+    const mod = BuiltinModule.map.get(id);
     return mod && mod.canBeRequiredByUsers;
   }
 
@@ -326,13 +326,17 @@ class NativeModule {
         requireWithFallbackInDeps : nativeModuleRequire;
 
       const fn = compileFunction(id);
+      // Arguments must match the parameters specified in
+      // BuiltinLoader::LookupAndCompile().
       fn(this.exports, requireFn, this, process, internalBinding, primordials);
 
       this.loaded = true;
     } finally {
       this.loading = false;
     }
 
+    // "NativeModule" is a legacy name of "BuiltinModule". We keep it
+    // here to avoid breaking users who parse process.moduleLoadList.
     ArrayPrototypePush(moduleLoadList, `NativeModule ${id}`);
     return this.exports;
   }
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ class NativeModule {
 // written in CommonJS style.
 const loaderExports = {
   internalBinding,
-  NativeModule,
+  BuiltinModule,
   require: nativeModuleRequire
 };
 
@@ -351,7 +355,7 @@ function nativeModuleRequire(id) {
     return loaderExports;
   }
 
-  const mod = NativeModule.map.get(id);
+  const mod = BuiltinModule.map.get(id);
   // Can't load the internal errors module from here, have to use a raw error.
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
   if (!mod) throw new TypeError(`Missing internal module '${id}'`);
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ function nativeModuleRequire(id) {
 // Allow internal modules from dependencies to require
 // other modules from dependencies by providing fallbacks.
 function requireWithFallbackInDeps(request) {
-  if (!NativeModule.map.has(request)) {
+  if (!BuiltinModule.map.has(request)) {
     request = `internal/deps/${request}`;
   }
   return nativeModuleRequire(request);

lib/internal/bootstrap/node.js

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 //   `MessagePort` implementation.
 // - `lib/internal/bootstrap/loaders.js`: this sets up internal binding and
 //   module loaders, including `process.binding()`, `process._linkedBinding()`,
-//   `internalBinding()` and `NativeModule`.
+//   `internalBinding()` and `BuiltinModule`.
 //
 // The initialization done in this script is included in both the main thread
 // and the worker threads. After this, further initialization is done based
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ process.domain = null;
 process._exiting = false;
 
 // process.config is serialized config.gypi
-const nativeModule = internalBinding('native_module');
+const nativeModule = internalBinding('builtins');
 
 // TODO(@jasnell): Once this has gone through one full major
 // release cycle, remove the Proxy and setter and update the

lib/internal/bootstrap/pre_execution.js

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ function initializeReport() {
 function setupDebugEnv() {
   require('internal/util/debuglog').initializeDebugEnv(process.env.NODE_DEBUG);
   if (getOptionValue('--expose-internals')) {
-    require('internal/bootstrap/loaders').NativeModule.exposeInternals();
+    require('internal/bootstrap/loaders').BuiltinModule.exposeInternals();
   }
 }
 
@@ -512,8 +512,8 @@ function initializePolicy() {
 }
 
 function initializeWASI() {
-  const { NativeModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
-  const mod = NativeModule.map.get('wasi');
+  const { BuiltinModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
+  const mod = BuiltinModule.map.get('wasi');
   mod.canBeRequiredByUsers =
     getOptionValue('--experimental-wasi-unstable-preview1');
 }

lib/internal/debugger/inspect_repl.js

@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ function extractFunctionName(description) {
 }
 
 const {
-  moduleIds: PUBLIC_BUILTINS,
-} = internalBinding('native_module');
+  builtinIds: PUBLIC_BUILTINS,
+} = internalBinding('builtins');
 const NATIVES = internalBinding('natives');
 function isNativeUrl(url) {
   url = RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(/\.js$/, url, '');

lib/internal/main/mksnapshot.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const {
 } = primordials;
 
 const binding = internalBinding('mksnapshot');
-const { NativeModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
+const { BuiltinModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
 const {
   compileSerializeMain,
 } = binding;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function supportedInUserSnapshot(id) {
 }
 
 function requireForUserSnapshot(id) {
-  if (!NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(id)) {
+  if (!BuiltinModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(id)) {
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     const err = new Error(
       `Cannot find module '${id}'. `

lib/internal/modules/cjs/helpers.js

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const {
   ERR_MANIFEST_DEPENDENCY_MISSING,
   ERR_UNKNOWN_BUILTIN_MODULE
 } = require('internal/errors').codes;
-const { NativeModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
+const { BuiltinModule } = require('internal/bootstrap/loaders');
 
 const { validateString } = require('internal/validators');
 const path = require('path');
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ const cjsConditions = new SafeSet([
   ...userConditions,
 ]);
 
-function loadNativeModule(filename, request) {
-  const mod = NativeModule.map.get(filename);
+function loadBuiltinModule(filename, request) {
+  const mod = BuiltinModule.map.get(filename);
   if (mod?.canBeRequiredByUsers) {
-    debug('load native module %s', request);
+    debug('load built-in module %s', request);
     // compileForPublicLoader() throws if mod.canBeRequiredByUsers is false:
     mod.compileForPublicLoader();
     return mod;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ function makeRequireFunction(mod, redirects) {
         const href = destination.href;
         if (destination.protocol === 'node:') {
           const specifier = destination.pathname;
-          const mod = loadNativeModule(specifier, href);
+          const mod = loadBuiltinModule(specifier, href);
           if (mod && mod.canBeRequiredByUsers) {
             return mod.exports;
           }
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ module.exports = {
   addBuiltinLibsToObject,
   cjsConditions,
   hasEsmSyntax,
-  loadNativeModule,
+  loadBuiltinModule,
   makeRequireFunction,
   normalizeReferrerURL,
   stripBOM,