From c635815285bb7c083c246d96168af97d5288f659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2024 00:52:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] neofs: add pool for searching

With ObjectSearchInitter ObjectSearch can be done both NeoFS SDK
client or pool.

Signed-off-by: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
---
 pkg/services/oracle/neofs/neofs.go | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pkg/services/oracle/neofs/neofs.go b/pkg/services/oracle/neofs/neofs.go
index af245463e3..7f2ddd5645 100644
--- a/pkg/services/oracle/neofs/neofs.go
+++ b/pkg/services/oracle/neofs/neofs.go
@@ -236,8 +236,13 @@ func parseRange(s string) (*object.Range, error) {
 	return r, nil
 }
 
+// ObjectSearchInitter defines the interface for initializing object search.
+type ObjectSearchInitter interface {
+	ObjectSearchInit(ctx context.Context, containerID cid.ID, s user.Signer, prm client.PrmObjectSearch) (*client.ObjectListReader, error)
+}
+
 // ObjectSearch returns a list of object IDs from the provided container.
-func ObjectSearch(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, priv *keys.PrivateKey, containerIDStr string, prm client.PrmObjectSearch) ([]oid.ID, error) {
+func ObjectSearch(ctx context.Context, initter ObjectSearchInitter, priv *keys.PrivateKey, containerIDStr string, prm client.PrmObjectSearch) ([]oid.ID, error) {
 	var (
 		s           = user.NewAutoIDSignerRFC6979(priv.PrivateKey)
 		objectIDs   []oid.ID
@@ -247,7 +252,7 @@ func ObjectSearch(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, priv *keys.PrivateKey,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrInvalidContainer, err)
 	}
-	reader, err := c.ObjectSearchInit(ctx, containerID, s, prm)
+	reader, err := initter.ObjectSearchInit(ctx, containerID, s, prm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initiate object search: %w", err)
 	}

From 3c0605be5c3a5267a3440307e688d4b0111e778e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2024 00:53:33 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] docs: adjust default IndexFileAttribute

Signed-off-by: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
---
 config/protocol.testnet.yml | 2 +-
 docs/neofs-blockstorage.md  | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config/protocol.testnet.yml b/config/protocol.testnet.yml
index 9a31251a2b..ecdfd6eed6 100644
--- a/config/protocol.testnet.yml
+++ b/config/protocol.testnet.yml
@@ -112,4 +112,4 @@ ApplicationConfiguration:
     IndexFileSize: 128000
     ContainerID: "EPGuD26wYgQJbmDdVBoYoNZiMKHwFMJT3A5WqPjdUHxH"
     BlockAttribute: "block"
-    IndexFileAttribute: "oid"
+    IndexFileAttribute: "index"
diff --git a/docs/neofs-blockstorage.md b/docs/neofs-blockstorage.md
index 9755713805..4ecd1b8de0 100644
--- a/docs/neofs-blockstorage.md
+++ b/docs/neofs-blockstorage.md
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ attributes:
  - primary node index (`primary:0`)
  - block hash in the LE form (`hash:5412a781caf278c0736556c0e544c7cfdbb6e3c62ae221ef53646be89364566b`)
  - previous block hash in the LE form (`prevHash:3654a054d82a8178c7dfacecc2c57282e23468a42ee407f14506368afe22d929`)
- - millisecond-precision block timestamp (`time:1627894840919`)
+ - millisecond-precision block timestamp (`timestamp:1627894840919`)
 
 Each index file is an object containing a constant-sized batch of raw block object
 IDs in binary form ordered by block index. Each index file is marked with the
 following attributes:
- - index file identifier with consecutive file index value (`oid:0`)
+ - index file identifier with consecutive file index value (`index:0`)
  - the number of OIDs included into index file (`size:128000`)
 
 ### NeoFS BlockFetcher

From 0a4e1d1ef96cecb53fdc66450429bdce661a5ef9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2024 13:07:18 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] cli: add upload-bin

This command is used for keeping container with blocks for
blockfetcher updated.

Close #3578

Signed-off-by: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
README: add archival notice (#520)

People are likely to find this repo and we better have some directions for them.

Signed-off-by: Roman Khimov <roman@nspcc.ru>
Signed-off-by: Ekaterina Pavlova <ekt@morphbits.io>
---
 cli/util/convert.go    |  53 +++++
 cli/util/uploader.go   | 432 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 go.sum                 |  63 ++++++
 pkg/vm/testdata/neo-vm |   2 +-
 4 files changed, 549 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 cli/util/uploader.go

diff --git a/cli/util/convert.go b/cli/util/convert.go
index 26c520877a..23959a533b 100644
--- a/cli/util/convert.go
+++ b/cli/util/convert.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/cli/cmdargs"
 	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/cli/options"
 	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/cli/txctx"
@@ -32,6 +33,51 @@ func NewCommands() []*cli.Command {
 		txctx.AwaitFlag,
 	}, options.RPC...)
 	txCancelFlags = append(txCancelFlags, options.Wallet...)
+	uploadBinFlags := append([]cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:     "fs-rpc-endpoint",
+			Aliases:  []string{"fsr"},
+			Usage:    "List of NeoFS storage node RPC addresses (comma-separated or multiple --fs-rpc-endpoint flags)",
+			Required: true,
+			Action: func(ctx *cli.Context, fsRpcEndpoints []string) error {
+				for _, endpoint := range fsRpcEndpoints {
+					if endpoint == "" {
+						return cli.Exit("NeoFS RPC endpoint cannot contain empty values", 1)
+					}
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:     "container",
+			Aliases:  []string{"cid"},
+			Usage:    "NeoFS container ID to upload blocks to",
+			Required: true,
+			Action:   cmdargs.EnsureNotEmpty("container"),
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:     "block-attribute",
+			Usage:    "Attribute key of the block object",
+			Required: true,
+			Action:   cmdargs.EnsureNotEmpty("block-attribute"),
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:     "index-attribute",
+			Usage:    "Attribute key of the index file object",
+			Required: true,
+			Action:   cmdargs.EnsureNotEmpty("index-attribute"),
+		},
+		&flags.AddressFlag{
+			Name:  "address",
+			Usage: "Address to use for signing the uploading and searching transactions in NeoFS",
+		},
+		&cli.UintFlag{
+			Name:  "index-file-size",
+			Usage: "Size of index file",
+			Value: 128000,
+		},
+	}, options.RPC...)
+	uploadBinFlags = append(uploadBinFlags, options.Wallet...)
 	return []*cli.Command{
 		{
 			Name:  "util",
@@ -109,6 +155,13 @@ func NewCommands() []*cli.Command {
 						},
 					},
 				},
+				{
+					Name:      "upload-bin",
+					Usage:     "Fetch blocks from RPC node and upload them to the NeoFS container",
+					UsageText: "neo-go util upload-bin --fs-rpc-endpoint <address1>[,<address2>[...]] --container <cid> --block-attribute block --index-attribute index --rpc-endpoint <node> [--timeout <time>] --wallet <wallet> [--wallet-config <config>] [--address <address>]",
+					Action:    uploadBin,
+					Flags:     uploadBinFlags,
+				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
diff --git a/cli/util/uploader.go b/cli/util/uploader.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f2aeef966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/util/uploader.go
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/cli/cmdargs"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/cli/options"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/block"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/crypto/keys"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/io"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/services/oracle/neofs"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/util"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/wallet"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/checksum"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/client"
+	cid "github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/container/id"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/object"
+	oid "github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/object/id"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/pool"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/user"
+	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neofs-sdk-go/version"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+const (
+	searchBatchSize     = 10000       // Number of objects to search in a batch for finding max block in container.
+	maxParallelSearches = 40          // Control the number of concurrent searches.
+	oidSize             = sha256.Size // Size of object ID.
+)
+
+func uploadBin(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if err := cmdargs.EnsureNone(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rpcNeoFS := ctx.StringSlice("fs-rpc-endpoint")
+	containerIDStr := ctx.String("container")
+	attr := ctx.String("block-attribute")
+	indexFileAttribute := ctx.String("index-attribute")
+	acc, _, err := options.GetAccFromContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to load account: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+
+	var containerID cid.ID
+	if err = containerID.DecodeString(containerIDStr); err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to decode container ID: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+
+	gctx, cancel := options.GetTimeoutContext(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+	rpc, err := options.GetRPCClient(gctx, ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create RPC client: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+
+	currentBlockHeight, err := rpc.GetBlockCount()
+	if err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to get current block height from RPC: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Chain block height:", currentBlockHeight)
+
+	signer := user.NewAutoIDSignerRFC6979(acc.PrivateKey().PrivateKey)
+
+	p, err := pool.New(pool.NewFlatNodeParams(rpcNeoFS), signer, pool.DefaultOptions())
+	if err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create NeoFS pool: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+
+	if err = p.Dial(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to dial NeoFS pool: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+	defer p.Close()
+
+	maxBlockIndex, err := fetchMaxBlockIndex(ctx.Context, p, containerID, acc.PrivateKey(), attr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to fetch max block index from container: %v", err), 1)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Blocks uploaded in NeoFS container:", maxBlockIndex)
+
+	if maxBlockIndex >= int(currentBlockHeight) {
+		fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "No new blocks to upload. Max index in NeoFS: ", maxBlockIndex, "current height:", currentBlockHeight)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	const (
+		maxRetries     = 3                      // Maximum number of retries
+		initialBackoff = 500 * time.Millisecond // Initial backoff duration
+		backoffFactor  = 2                      // Backoff multiplier
+		maxBackoff     = 10 * time.Second       // Maximum backoff duration
+
+		numWorkers   = 10             // Number of concurrent block uploaders
+		numProducers = numWorkers * 2 // Number of concurrent block fetchers
+	)
+
+	blockChan := make(chan *block.Block, 20000)
+	errorChan := make(chan error, 1)
+	doneChan := make(chan struct{})
+
+	producerWg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	producerWg.Add(numProducers)
+
+	// Retry function with exponential backoff
+	retry := func(action func() error) error {
+		var err error
+		backoff := initialBackoff
+		for range maxRetries {
+			if err = action(); err == nil {
+				return nil // Success, no retry needed
+			}
+			time.Sleep(backoff) // Backoff before retrying
+			backoff *= backoffFactor
+			if backoff > maxBackoff {
+				backoff = maxBackoff
+			}
+		}
+		return err // Return the last error after exhausting retries
+	}
+
+	//Goroutines to fetch blocks concurrently
+	for i := range numProducers {
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer producerWg.Done()
+			for blockIndex := maxBlockIndex + 1 + i; blockIndex <= int(currentBlockHeight); blockIndex += numProducers {
+				err = retry(func() error {
+					blk, err := rpc.GetBlockByIndex(uint32(blockIndex))
+					if err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch block %d: %w", blockIndex, err)
+					}
+					select {
+					case blockChan <- blk:
+					case <-ctx.Context.Done():
+						return context.Canceled
+					}
+					return nil
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					errorChan <- err
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		producerWg.Wait()
+		close(blockChan)
+	}()
+
+	// upload workers
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numWorkers)
+
+	for range numWorkers {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for blk := range blockChan {
+				err := retry(func() error {
+					bw := io.NewBufBinWriter()
+					blk.EncodeBinary(bw.BinWriter)
+					if bw.Err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("failed to encode block: %w", bw.Err)
+					}
+
+					attrs := []object.Attribute{
+						*object.NewAttribute(attr, strconv.Itoa(int(blk.Index))),
+						*object.NewAttribute("primary", strconv.Itoa(int(blk.PrimaryIndex))),
+						*object.NewAttribute("hash", blk.Hash().Reverse().String()),
+						*object.NewAttribute("prevHash", blk.PrevHash.StringLE()),
+						*object.NewAttribute("timestamp", strconv.FormatUint(blk.Timestamp, 10)),
+					}
+					return uploadObj(ctx.Context, *p, signer, acc.PrivateKey().GetScriptHash(), containerID, bw.Bytes(), attrs)
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					errorChan <- err
+					return
+				}
+
+				if blk.Index%1000 == 0 {
+					fmt.Fprintf(ctx.App.Writer, "[%s] Successfully uploaded block: %d\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339), blk.Index)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for all workers to finish
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(doneChan)
+	}()
+
+	// Wait for completion or error
+	select {
+	case err := <-errorChan:
+		return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("Upload error: %v", err), 1)
+	case <-doneChan:
+		err = updateIndexFiles(ctx, *p, containerID, *acc, signer, uint(currentBlockHeight), indexFileAttribute, attr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return cli.Exit(fmt.Sprintf("failed to update index files after upload: %v", err), 1)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Upload completed successfully.")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+type searchResult struct {
+	startIndex int
+	numOIDs    int
+	err        error
+}
+
+// fetchMaxBlockIndex searches the container for the maximum block index.
+func fetchMaxBlockIndex(ctx context.Context, p *pool.Pool, containerID cid.ID, priv *keys.PrivateKey, attributeKey string) (int, error) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	height := 0
+	for {
+		results := make([]searchResult, maxParallelSearches)
+		for i := range maxParallelSearches {
+			startIndex := height + i*searchBatchSize
+			endIndex := startIndex + searchBatchSize - 1
+
+			wg.Add(1)
+			go func(i, startIndex, endIndex int) {
+				defer wg.Done()
+
+				prm := client.PrmObjectSearch{}
+				filters := object.NewSearchFilters()
+				filters.AddFilter(attributeKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", startIndex), object.MatchNumGE)
+				filters.AddFilter(attributeKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", endIndex), object.MatchNumLE)
+				prm.SetFilters(filters)
+
+				objectIDs, err := neofs.ObjectSearch(ctx, p, priv, containerID.String(), prm)
+				results[i] = searchResult{startIndex: startIndex, numOIDs: len(objectIDs), err: err}
+			}(i, startIndex, endIndex)
+		}
+
+		wg.Wait()
+
+		for _, res := range results {
+			if res.err != nil {
+				return 0, res.err
+			}
+			if res.numOIDs < searchBatchSize {
+				if res.startIndex == 0 && res.numOIDs == 0 {
+					return -1, nil
+				}
+				// Return the start index of the first incomplete batch
+				return res.startIndex, nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		height += maxParallelSearches * searchBatchSize
+	}
+}
+
+// updateIndexFiles updates the index files in the container.
+func updateIndexFiles(ctx *cli.Context, p pool.Pool, containerID cid.ID, account wallet.Account, signer user.Signer, currentHeight uint, attributeKey string, blockAttributeKey string) error {
+	indexFileSize := ctx.Uint("index-file-size")
+	fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Updating index files...")
+
+	prm := client.PrmObjectSearch{}
+	filters := object.NewSearchFilters()
+	filters.AddFilter(attributeKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", 0), object.MatchNumGE)
+	filters.AddFilter("size", fmt.Sprintf("%d", indexFileSize), object.MatchStringEqual)
+	prm.SetFilters(filters)
+
+	objectIDs, err := neofs.ObjectSearch(ctx.Context, &p, account.PrivateKey(), containerID.String(), prm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("search of index files failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	existingIndexCount := uint(len(objectIDs))
+	expectedIndexCount := currentHeight / indexFileSize
+
+	if existingIndexCount >= expectedIndexCount {
+		fmt.Fprintf(ctx.App.Writer, "Index files are up to date. Existing: %d, expected: %d\n", existingIndexCount, expectedIndexCount)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var (
+		processedCounter atomic.Int32
+		errCh            = make(chan error, 1)
+		buffer           = make([]byte, indexFileSize*oidSize)
+		oidCh            = make(chan oid.ID, indexFileSize)
+	)
+
+	for range maxParallelSearches {
+		go func() {
+			for currOid := range oidCh {
+				obj, err := p.ObjectHead(context.Background(), containerID, currOid, signer, client.PrmObjectHead{})
+				if err != nil {
+					select {
+					case errCh <- fmt.Errorf("failed to get header for OID %s: %w", currOid.String(), err):
+					default:
+					}
+					return
+				}
+
+				blockIndex, err := getBlockIndex(*obj, blockAttributeKey)
+				if err != nil {
+					select {
+					case errCh <- fmt.Errorf("failed to process header for OID %s: %w", currOid.String(), err):
+					default:
+					}
+					return
+				}
+
+				index := uint(blockIndex) / indexFileSize
+				offset := (uint(blockIndex) - index*indexFileSize) * oidSize
+				res := make([]byte, oidSize)
+				currOid.Encode(res)
+				copy(buffer[offset:], res)
+				processedCounter.Add(1)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	for i := existingIndexCount; i < expectedIndexCount; i++ {
+		startIndex := i * indexFileSize
+		endIndex := startIndex + indexFileSize
+
+		for j := int(startIndex); j < int(endIndex); j += searchBatchSize {
+			remaining := int(endIndex) - j
+			end := j + min(searchBatchSize, remaining)
+			prm := client.PrmObjectSearch{}
+			filters := object.NewSearchFilters()
+			filters.AddFilter(blockAttributeKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", j), object.MatchNumGE)
+			filters.AddFilter(blockAttributeKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", end), object.MatchNumLE)
+			prm.SetFilters(filters)
+
+			objectIDs, err = neofs.ObjectSearch(ctx.Context, &p, account.PrivateKey(), containerID.String(), prm)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("no OIDs found for index files: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			for _, currOid := range objectIDs {
+				oidCh <- currOid
+			}
+		}
+
+		for processedCounter.Load() < int32(indexFileSize) {
+			select {
+			case err := <-errCh:
+				return err
+			default:
+				time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+			}
+		}
+
+		processedCounter.Store(0)
+
+		select {
+		case err := <-errCh:
+			return err
+		default:
+		}
+		attrs := []object.Attribute{
+			*object.NewAttribute(attributeKey, strconv.Itoa(int(i))),
+			*object.NewAttribute("size", strconv.Itoa(int(indexFileSize))),
+			*object.NewAttribute("timestamp", strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().Unix(), 10)),
+			*object.NewAttribute("block-attribute", blockAttributeKey),
+		}
+		err = uploadObj(ctx.Context, p, user.NewAutoIDSignerRFC6979(account.PrivateKey().PrivateKey), account.PrivateKey().GetScriptHash(), containerID, buffer, attrs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to upload index file %d: %w", i, err)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(ctx.App.Writer, "Uploaded index file %d\n", i)
+	}
+	close(oidCh)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// uploadObj uploads the block to the container using the pool.
+func uploadObj(ctx context.Context, p pool.Pool, signer user.Signer, owner util.Uint160, containerID cid.ID, objData []byte, attrs []object.Attribute) error {
+	var (
+		ownerID          user.ID
+		hdr              object.Object
+		ch               checksum.Checksum
+		v                = new(version.Version)
+		prmObjectPutInit client.PrmObjectPutInit
+	)
+
+	ownerID.SetScriptHash(owner)
+	hdr.SetPayload(objData)
+	hdr.SetPayloadSize(uint64(len(objData)))
+	hdr.SetContainerID(containerID)
+	hdr.SetOwnerID(&ownerID)
+	hdr.SetAttributes(attrs...)
+	hdr.SetCreationEpoch(1)
+	v.SetMajor(1)
+	hdr.SetVersion(v)
+
+	checksum.Calculate(&ch, checksum.TZ, objData)
+	hdr.SetPayloadHomomorphicHash(ch)
+	checksum.Calculate(&ch, checksum.SHA256, objData)
+	hdr.SetPayloadChecksum(ch)
+
+	err := hdr.SetIDWithSignature(signer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = hdr.CheckHeaderVerificationFields()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	writer, err := p.ObjectPutInit(ctx, hdr, signer, prmObjectPutInit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initiate object upload: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer writer.Close()
+	_, err = writer.Write(objData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write object data: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getBlockIndex(header object.Object, attribute string) (int, error) {
+	for _, attr := range header.UserAttributes() {
+		if attr.Key() == attribute {
+			return strconv.Atoi(attr.Value())
+		}
+	}
+	return -1, fmt.Errorf("attribute %s not found", attribute)
+}
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 25a93df7a3..1b79a8a49d 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.0 h1:AGCNq9Evsj31mOgNPcLyXc+4PNABt905YmuqPYYpBWk=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uNxQE+84aUszobStD9th8a29P2fMDhsBdgRYvZOxGmk=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161 h1:L/gRVlceqvL25UVaW/CKtUDjefjrs0SPonmDGUVOYP0=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.1 h1:9/kr64B9VUZrLm5YYwbGtUJnMgqWVOdUAXu6Migciow=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.1/go.mod h1:LRdKpFKfdobln8UmuiYcKPot9D2v6svN5+sAH+4kjUM=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.4 h1:68vKo2VN8DE9AdN4tnkWnmdhqdbpUFM8OF3Airm7fz8=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.4/go.mod h1:smjE4dvqPX9Zldna+t5FG3rnoHhaB7QYxPRqGcpAD9w=
 github.com/antlr/antlr4/runtime/Go/antlr/v4 v4.0.0-20221202181307-76fa05c21b12 h1:npHgfD4Tl2WJS3AJaMUi5ynGDPUBfkg3U3fCzDyXZ+4=
 github.com/antlr/antlr4/runtime/Go/antlr/v4 v4.0.0-20221202181307-76fa05c21b12/go.mod h1:pSwJ0fSY5KhvocuWSx4fz3BA8OrA1bQn+K1Eli3BRwM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
@@ -6,6 +14,8 @@ github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.14.2 h1:YXVoyPndbdvcEVcseEovVfp0qjJp7S+i5+x
 github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.14.2/go.mod h1:7hO7Gc7Pp1vODcmWvKMRA9BNmbv6a/7QIWpPxHddWR8=
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 h1:1PFHFE6yCCTv8C1TeyNNarDzntLi7wMI5i/pzqYIsAM=
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0/go.mod h1:IbckMUScFkM3pff0VJDNKRiT6TG/YpiHIM2yvyW5YoQ=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1 h1:y4OZtCnogmCPw98Zjyt5a6+QwPLGkiQsYW5oUqylYbM=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/chzyer/logex v1.2.1 h1:XHDu3E6q+gdHgsdTPH6ImJMIp436vR6MPtH8gP05QzM=
@@ -20,7 +30,13 @@ github.com/consensys/gnark v0.11.0 h1:YlndnlbRAoIEA+aIIHzNIW4P0dCIOM9/jCVzsXf356
 github.com/consensys/gnark v0.11.0/go.mod h1:2LbheIOxsBI1a9Ck1XxUoy6PRnH28mSI9qrvtN2HwDY=
 github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.14.0 h1:DDBdl4HaBtdQsq/wfMwJvZNE80sHidrK3Nfrefatm0E=
 github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.14.0/go.mod h1:CU4UijNPsHawiVGNxe9co07FkzCeWHHrb1li/n1XoU0=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.13 h1:wPYKIeGMN8vaggSKuV1X0wZulpMz4CrgEsZdaCyB6Is=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.13/go.mod h1:zT3up6yTRfEUa6+GsITYIJNgSVL9NQ4x4h1RPzk0Wu4=
+github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
+github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
+github.com/cpuguy83/dockercfg v0.3.1 h1:/FpZ+JaygUR/lZP2NlFI2DVfrOEMAIKP5wWEJdoYe9E=
+github.com/cpuguy83/dockercfg v0.3.1/go.mod h1:sugsbF4//dDlL/i+S+rtpIWp+5h0BHJHfjj5/jFyUJc=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4 h1:wfIWP927BUkWJb2NmU/kNDYIBTh/ziUX91+lVfRxZq4=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
@@ -28,6 +44,14 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 h1:rpfIENRNNilwHwZeG5+P150SMrnNEcHYvcCuK6dPZSg=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:v57UDF4pDQJcEfFUCRop3lJL149eHGSe9Jvczhzjo/0=
+github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.2+incompatible h1:T3de5rq0dB1j30rp0sA2rER+m322EBzniBPB6ZIzuh8=
+github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:J2gT2udsDAN96Uj4KfcMRqY0/ypR+oyYUYmja8H+y+w=
+github.com/docker/docker v24.0.9+incompatible h1:HPGzNmwfLZWdxHqK9/II92pyi1EpYKsAqcl4G0Of9v0=
+github.com/docker/docker v24.0.9+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 h1:El9xVISelRB7BuFusrZozjnkIM5YnzCViNKohAFqRJQ=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Gbd7IOopHjR8Iph03tsViu4nIes5XhDvyHbTtUxmeec=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.5 h1:dfYrrRyLtiqT9GyKXgdh+k4inNeTvmGbuSgZ3lx3GhA=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.5/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
@@ -35,7 +59,11 @@ github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9 h1:hsms1Qyu0jgnwNXIxa+/V/PDsU6CfLf6CNO8H7IWo
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9/go.mod h1:znqG4EE+3YCdAaPaxE2ZRY/06pZUdp0tY4IgpuI1SZQ=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 h1:iM5WgngdRBanHcxugY4JySA0nk1wZorNOpTgCMedv5E=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:pxXPTn3joSm21Gbwsv0w9OSA2y1HFR9qXEeXQVeNoDQ=
+github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6 h1:/Fpf6oFPoeFik9ty7siob0G6Ke8QvQEuVcuChpwXzpY=
+github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiUsvbm0=
 github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
+github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:P1XiOD3dCwIKUDQYPy72D8LYyHL2YPYrpS2s69NZV8Q=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:ceaxUfeHdC40wWswd/P6IGgMaK3YpKi5j83Wpe3EHw8=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1.0.20200221234624-67d41d38c208/go.mod h1:xKAWHe0F5eneWXFV3EuXVDTCmh+JuBKY0li0aMyXATA=
@@ -83,6 +111,10 @@ github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
 github.com/leanovate/gopter v0.2.11 h1:vRjThO1EKPb/1NsDXuDrzldR28RLkBflWYcU9CvzWu4=
 github.com/leanovate/gopter v0.2.11/go.mod h1:aK3tzZP/C+p1m3SPRE4SYZFGP7jjkuSI4f7Xvpt0S9c=
+github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20211012122336-39d0f177ccd0 h1:6E+4a0GO5zZEnZ81pIr0yLvtUWk2if982qA3F3QD6H4=
+github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20211012122336-39d0f177ccd0/go.mod h1:zJYVVT2jmtg6P3p1VtQj7WsuWi/y4VnjVBn7F8KPB3I=
+github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7 h1:IeQXZAiQcpL9mgcAe1Nu6cX9LLw6ExEHKjN0VQdvPDY=
+github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7/go.mod h1:Dhd985XPs7jluiymwWYZ0G4Z61jb3vdS329zhj2hYo0=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 h1:fFA4WZxdEF4tXPZVKMLwD8oUnCTTo08duU7wxecdEvA=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13/go.mod h1:7S9/ev0klgBDR4GtXTXX8a3vIGJpMovkB8vQcUbaXHg=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16/go.mod h1:kYGgaQfpe5nmfYZH+SKPsOc2e4SrIfOl2e/yFXSvRLM=
@@ -92,6 +124,14 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D
 github.com/mmcloughlin/addchain v0.4.0 h1:SobOdjm2xLj1KkXN5/n0xTIWyZA2+s99UCY1iPfkHRY=
 github.com/mmcloughlin/addchain v0.4.0/go.mod h1:A86O+tHqZLMNO4w6ZZ4FlVQEadcoqkyU72HC5wJ4RlU=
 github.com/mmcloughlin/profile v0.1.1/go.mod h1:IhHD7q1ooxgwTgjxQYkACGA77oFTDdFVejUS1/tS/qU=
+github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.5.0 h1:YCZgJOeULcxLw1Q+sVR636pmS7sPEn1Qo2iAN6M7DBo=
+github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.5.0/go.mod h1:hDPoyOpDY7OrrMDLaYoY3hf52gNCR/YOUYxkhApJIxc=
+github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.5.0 h1:OPvI35Lzn9K04PBbCLW0g4LcFAJgHsvXsRyewg5lXtc=
+github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.5.0/go.mod h1:tH2cOOs5V9MlPiXcQzRC+eEyab644PWKGRYaaV5ZZlo=
+github.com/moby/term v0.5.0 h1:xt8Q1nalod/v7BqbG21f8mQPqH+xAaC9C3N3wfWbVP0=
+github.com/moby/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:8FzsFHVUBGZdbDsJw/ot+X+d5HLUbvklYLJ9uGfcI3Y=
+github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 h1:nP9CBfwrvYnBRgY6qfDQkygYDmYwOilePFkwzv4dU8A=
+github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0/go.mod h1:BbKIizmSmc5MMPqRYbxO4ZU0S0+P200+tUnFx7PXmsc=
 github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 h1:T/HDJBh4ZCPbU39/+c3rRvE0uKBQlU27+QI8LJ4t64o=
 github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0/go.mod h1:BinMc/sQntlIE1frQmRFPUoPA1Zkr8VRgBdjWI2mNwc=
 github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
@@ -121,12 +161,21 @@ github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.14.0/go.mod h1:iSB4RoI2tjJc9BBv4NKIKWKya62Rps+oPG/Lv9k
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.7.1/go.mod h1:XdKZgCCFLUoM/7CFJVPcG8C1xQ1AJ0vpAezJrB7JYyY=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.10.1 h1:o0+MgICZLuZ7xjH7Vx6zS/zcu93/BEp1VwkIW1mEXCE=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.10.1/go.mod h1:iN09h71vgCQne3DLsj+A5owkum+a2tYe+TOCB1ybHNo=
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 h1:apOUWs51W5PlhuyGyz9FCeeBIOUDA/6nW8Oi/yOhh5U=
+github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0/go.mod h1:0JzlMkj0TRzQZfJkVvzbP0HBR3IKzErnv2BNG4W4MAM=
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0-rc6 h1:XDqvyKsJEbRtATzkgItUqBA7QHk58yxX1Ov9HERHNqU=
+github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0-rc6/go.mod h1:W4s4sFTMaBeK1BQLXbG4AdM2szdn85PY75RI83NrTrM=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.12 h1:BOIssBaW1La0/qbNZHXOOa71dZfZEQOzW7dqQf3phss=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.12/go.mod h1:S+lQwSfncpBha7XTy/5lBwWgm5+y5Ma/O44Ekby9FK8=
 github.com/pierrec/lz4 v2.6.1+incompatible h1:9UY3+iC23yxF0UfGaYrGplQ+79Rg+h/q9FV9ix19jjM=
 github.com/pierrec/lz4 v2.6.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:pdkljMzZIN41W+lC3N2tnIh5sFi+IEE17M5jbnwPHcY=
 github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20210106213030-5aafc221ea8c h1:ncq/mPwQF4JjgDlrVEn3C11VoGHZN7m8qihwgMEtzYw=
+github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20210106213030-5aafc221ea8c/go.mod h1:OmDBASR4679mdNQnz2pUhc2G8CO2JrUAVFDRBDP/hJE=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.2 h1:5ctymQzZlyOON1666svgwn3s6IKWgfbjsejTMiXIyjg=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.2/go.mod h1:PIEt8X02hGcP8JWbeHyeZ53Y/jReSnHgO035n//V5WE=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
@@ -145,10 +194,22 @@ github.com/rs/zerolog v1.33.0 h1:1cU2KZkvPxNyfgEmhHAz/1A9Bz+llsdYzklWFzgp0r8=
 github.com/rs/zerolog v1.33.0/go.mod h1:/7mN4D5sKwJLZQ2b/znpjC3/GQWY/xaDXUM0kKWRHss=
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+github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3 v3.23.7 h1:C+fHO8hfIppoJ1WdsVm1RoI0RwXoNdfTK7yWXV0wVj4=
+github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3 v3.23.7/go.mod h1:c4gnmoRC0hQuaLqvxnx1//VXQ0Ms/X9UnJF8pddY5z4=
+github.com/shoenig/go-m1cpu v0.1.6 h1:nxdKQNcEB6vzgA2E2bvzKIYRuNj7XNJ4S/aRSwKzFtM=
+github.com/shoenig/go-m1cpu v0.1.6/go.mod h1:1JJMcUBvfNwpq05QDQVAnx3gUHr9IYF7GNg9SUEw2VQ=
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ=
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 github.com/syndtr/goleveldb v1.0.1-0.20210305035536-64b5b1c73954 h1:xQdMZ1WLrgkkvOZ/LDQxjVxMLdby7osSh4ZEVa5sIjs=
 github.com/syndtr/goleveldb v1.0.1-0.20210305035536-64b5b1c73954/go.mod h1:u2MKkTVTVJWe5D1rCvame8WqhBd88EuIwODJZ1VHCPM=
+github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.24.1 h1:gJdZuQIVWnMJTo+CmQMEP7/CAagNk/0jbcUPn3OWvD8=
+github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.24.1/go.mod h1:MGBiAkCm86yXQoCiipmQCqZLVdk1uFqtMqaU1Or0MRk=
+github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.11 h1:89WgdJhk5SNwJfu+GKyYveZ4IaJ7xAkecBo+KdJV0CM=
+github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.11/go.mod h1:GqXfhXY3kiPa0nAXPDIQIWzJbMCB7AmcWpGR8lSZfqI=
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 github.com/twmb/murmur3 v1.1.8 h1:8Yt9taO/WN3l08xErzjeschgZU2QSrwm1kclYq+0aRg=
 github.com/twmb/murmur3 v1.1.8/go.mod h1:Qq/R7NUyOfr65zD+6Q5IHKsJLwP7exErjN6lyyq3OSQ=
 github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.4 h1:o1owoI+02Eb+K107p27wEX9Bb8eqIoZCfLXloLUSWJ8=
@@ -157,6 +218,8 @@ github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcYsOfg=
 github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1 h1:gEOO8jv9F4OT7lGCjxCBTO/36wtF6j2nSip77qHd4x4=
 github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1/go.mod h1:Ohn+xnUBiLI6FVj/9LpzZWtj1/D6lUovWYBkxHVV3aM=
+github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.3 h1:E1ctvB7uKFMOJw3fdOW32DwGE9I7t++CRUEMKvFoFiw=
+github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.3/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.11 h1:yGEzV1wPz2yVCLsD8ZAiGHhHVlczyC9d1rP43/VCRJ0=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.11/go.mod h1:dksAq7YMXoljX0xu6VF5DMZGbhYYoLUalEiSySYAS4I=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testdata/neo-vm b/pkg/vm/testdata/neo-vm
index 7e5996844a..524545f944 160000
--- a/pkg/vm/testdata/neo-vm
+++ b/pkg/vm/testdata/neo-vm
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 7e5996844a90b514739f879bc9f873f9a34c9a67
+Subproject commit 524545f944eacaf2ebbfdcf98152a6a933b09f24