diff --git a/packages/bridge/src/vite/server.ts b/packages/bridge/src/vite/server.ts
index 5bfccb4ca79..5b72e49c625 100644
--- a/packages/bridge/src/vite/server.ts
+++ b/packages/bridge/src/vite/server.ts
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export async function buildServer (ctx: ViteBuildContext) {
     consola.info(`Server built in ${time}ms`)
     await onBuild()
   }
-  const doBuild = pDebounce(_doBuild, 300)
+  const doBuild = pDebounce(pDebounce.promise(_doBuild), 300)
 
   // Initial build
   await _doBuild()
diff --git a/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts b/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts
index fa54419587a..e355e56dbed 100644
--- a/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts
+++ b/packages/nitro/src/server/dev.ts
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ export function createDevServer (nitroContext: NitroContext) {
   let watcher: FSWatcher
   function watch () {
     if (watcher) { return }
-    const dReload = debounce(() => reload().catch(console.warn), 200, { before: true })
+    const dReload = debounce(debounce.promise(() => reload().catch(console.warn)), 200, { before: true })
     watcher = chokidar.watch([
       resolve(nitroContext.output.serverDir, pattern),
       resolve(nitroContext._nuxt.buildDir, 'dist/server', pattern)
diff --git a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts
index faf79451fbd..a529ff9ec84 100644
--- a/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxi/src/commands/dev.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import chokidar from 'chokidar'
 import debounce from 'p-debounce'
 import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/schema'
 import consola from 'consola'
+import { withTrailingSlash } from 'ufo'
 import { createServer, createLoadingHandler } from '../utils/server'
 import { showBanner } from '../utils/banner'
 import { writeTypes } from '../utils/prepare'
@@ -46,12 +47,13 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
         if (currentNuxt) {
           await currentNuxt.close()
         }
-        const newNuxt = await loadNuxt({ rootDir, dev: true, ready: false })
-        await clearDir(newNuxt.options.buildDir)
-        currentNuxt = newNuxt
+        currentNuxt = await loadNuxt({ rootDir, dev: true, ready: false })
+        await clearDir(currentNuxt.options.buildDir)
         await currentNuxt.ready()
-        writeTypes(currentNuxt).catch(console.error)
-        await buildNuxt(currentNuxt)
+        await Promise.all([
+          writeTypes(currentNuxt).catch(console.error),
+          buildNuxt(currentNuxt)
+        ])
         server.setApp(currentNuxt.server.app)
         if (isRestart && args.clear !== false) {
           showBanner()
@@ -67,12 +69,12 @@ export default defineNuxtCommand({
 
     // Watch for config changes
     // TODO: Watcher service, modules, and requireTree
-    const dLoad = debounce(load, 250)
+    const dLoad = debounce(debounce.promise(load), 250)
     const watcher = chokidar.watch([rootDir], { ignoreInitial: true, depth: 1 })
     watcher.on('all', (event, file) => {
       if (!currentNuxt) { return }
-      if (file.startsWith(currentNuxt.options.buildDir)) { return }
-      if (file.match(/(nuxt\.config\.(js|ts|mjs|cjs)|\.nuxtignore)$/)) {
+      if (file.startsWith(withTrailingSlash(currentNuxt.options.buildDir))) { return }
+      if (file.match(/(nuxt\.config\.(js|ts|mjs|cjs)|\.nuxtignore|\.env|\.nuxtrc)$/)) {
         dLoad(true, `${relative(rootDir, file)} updated`)
       }
 
diff --git a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts
index d196af81cf8..a1274d68fd1 100644
--- a/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts
+++ b/packages/nuxt3/src/core/builder.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import chokidar from 'chokidar'
 import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/schema'
 import { isIgnored, tryImportModule } from '@nuxt/kit'
-import { createApp, generateApp } from './app'
+import debounce from 'p-debounce'
+import { createApp, generateApp as _generateApp } from './app'
 
 export async function build (nuxt: Nuxt) {
   const app = createApp(nuxt)
-  await generateApp(nuxt, app)
+  const generateApp = debounce(debounce.promise(() => _generateApp(nuxt, app)), 1)
+  await generateApp()
 
   if (nuxt.options.dev) {
     watch(nuxt)
@@ -17,10 +19,10 @@ export async function build (nuxt: Nuxt) {
         if (path.match(/error/i)) {
           app.errorComponent = null
         }
-        await generateApp(nuxt, app)
+        await generateApp()
       }
     })
-    nuxt.hook('builder:generateApp', () => generateApp(nuxt, app))
+    nuxt.hook('builder:generateApp', generateApp)
   }
 
   await nuxt.callHook('build:before', { nuxt }, nuxt.options.build)
@@ -45,7 +47,8 @@ function watch (nuxt: Nuxt) {
       'node_modules'
     ]
   })
-  const watchHook = (event, path) => nuxt.callHook('builder:watch', event, path)
+
+  const watchHook = debounce(debounce.promise((event: 'add' | 'addDir' | 'change' | 'unlink' | 'unlinkDir', path: string) => nuxt.callHook('builder:watch', event, path)), 1)
   watcher.on('all', watchHook)
   nuxt.hook('close', () => watcher.close())
   return watcher
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/server.ts b/packages/vite/src/server.ts
index 149e96e7dbc..9f7b32c267f 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/server.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/server.ts
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ export async function buildServer (ctx: ViteBuildContext) {
       logger.success(`Vite server built in ${time}ms`)
       await onBuild()
     }
-    const doBuild = pDebounce(_doBuild, 100)
+    const doBuild = pDebounce(pDebounce.promise(_doBuild), 100)
 
     // Initial build
     await _doBuild()