diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 82c4288d7f8..7ffccf17b8d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.htm
 - If an attribute set is Observed multiple times in an async callback, the values will be summed instead of the last observation winning. (#4289)
 - Allow the explicit bucket histogram aggregation to be used for the up-down counter, observable counter, observable up-down counter, and observable gauge in the `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric` package. (#4332)
 - Restrict `Meter`s in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric` to only register and collect instruments it created. (#4333)
+- `PeriodicReader.Shutdown` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric` now applies the periodic reader's timeout by default. (#4356)
 
 ### Fixed
 
diff --git a/sdk/metric/periodic_reader.go b/sdk/metric/periodic_reader.go
index 3ea2c2f0fb2..48bbdffd82f 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/periodic_reader.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/periodic_reader.go
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ func (o periodicReaderOptionFunc) applyPeriodic(conf periodicReaderConfig) perio
 }
 
 // WithTimeout configures the time a PeriodicReader waits for an export to
-// complete before canceling it.
+// complete before canceling it. This includes an export which occurs as part
+// of Shutdown.
 //
 // This option overrides any value set for the
 // OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_TIMEOUT environment variable.
@@ -323,6 +324,8 @@ func (r *PeriodicReader) ForceFlush(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (r *PeriodicReader) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
 	err := ErrReaderShutdown
 	r.shutdownOnce.Do(func() {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, r.timeout)
+		defer cancel()
 		// Stop the run loop.
 		r.cancel()
 		<-r.done
diff --git a/sdk/metric/periodic_reader_test.go b/sdk/metric/periodic_reader_test.go
index e5d8fd2ef30..ad8b5598756 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/periodic_reader_test.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/periodic_reader_test.go
@@ -337,6 +337,46 @@ func TestPeriodicReaderFlushesPending(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, assert.AnError, r.Shutdown(context.Background()), "export error not returned")
 		assert.True(t, *called, "exporter Export method not called, pending telemetry not flushed")
 	})
+
+	t.Run("Shutdown timeout on producer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		exp, called := expFunc(t)
+		timeout := time.Millisecond
+		r := NewPeriodicReader(exp, WithTimeout(timeout))
+		r.register(testSDKProducer{
+			produceFunc: func(ctx context.Context, rm *metricdata.ResourceMetrics) error {
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(timeout + time.Second):
+					*rm = testResourceMetricsA
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					// we timed out before we could collect metrics
+					return ctx.Err()
+				}
+				return nil
+			}})
+		r.RegisterProducer(testExternalProducer{})
+		assert.Equal(t, context.DeadlineExceeded, r.Shutdown(context.Background()), "timeout error not returned")
+		assert.False(t, *called, "exporter Export method called when it should have failed before export")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Shutdown timeout on external producer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		exp, called := expFunc(t)
+		timeout := time.Millisecond
+		r := NewPeriodicReader(exp, WithTimeout(timeout))
+		r.register(testSDKProducer{})
+		r.RegisterProducer(testExternalProducer{
+			produceFunc: func(ctx context.Context) ([]metricdata.ScopeMetrics, error) {
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(timeout + time.Second):
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					// we timed out before we could collect metrics
+					return nil, ctx.Err()
+				}
+				return []metricdata.ScopeMetrics{testScopeMetricsA}, nil
+			},
+		})
+		assert.Equal(t, context.DeadlineExceeded, r.Shutdown(context.Background()), "timeout error not returned")
+		assert.False(t, *called, "exporter Export method called when it should have failed before export")
+	})
 }
 
 func BenchmarkPeriodicReader(b *testing.B) {